Abstract: In this paper, vegetation community structure and surface soil physical and chemical characteristics of desert-steppe under different grazing systems was studied. The results show that the height, cover, importance value of constructive species and perennial weed-type vegetation communities under different grazing systems were nomadic grazing > settled grazing. The Height, Cover of annual weed plants were settled grazing > nomadic grazing; Sand content in topsoil and pH under nomadic grazing was significantly lower than the ones under settled grazing(P<0.05),but that was opposite in the loam content（P<0.05）; Soil total N and available K under nomadic grazing was significantly higher and the total N about 3 times than the ones under settled grazing(P<0.01) . Surface soil total K was settled grazing > nomadic grazing.