Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.14 Published:20 July 2010

  Grass Growing Characters and Major Ecological Factors Analysis for Typical Steppe in Xilinguole 2010, 26 (14):  1-7.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 710775KB )   ( 993 ) This study was mainly done on two dominant species, Stipa krylovii and Leymus chinensis, and on community of Xilinguole typical steppe in Inner Mongolia. The field experiment was carried on two kinds of plots, which while ones of them were enclosed and not grazed for many years, and the others were kept on grazing. With setting treatment of experiment on three water gradients, the growth characteristics of grass under the appropriate water conditions, effects of water stress, and impact of grazing and other environmental factors were analyzed in the study. The results of research showed that: (1) Under appropriate water conditions, height and biomass maximum of Stipa krylovii and Leymus chinensis were 87.9 cm, 40.3 cm , 280g/㎡and 54.2 g/㎡, respectively; the largest biomass, cover-degree and LAI of community were 467.6g/㎡, 91% and 2.7. (2) height of a species, aboveground biomass of Stipa krylovii and community were in line with Logistic growth model, while the growing curve of aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis not manifested obvious S-type characteristics. And binomial and trinomial fitting were good in fitting analysis for cover-degree and LAI of community. (3) Water stress produced obvious negative effects on the grassland vegetation, and it showed worse gradually with increase of drought severity; the biomass response to water stress was stronger than to height, and water sensitivity of Leymus chinensis was greater than of Stipa krylovii ; with the soil relative humidity dropping on 40-50%, the largest biomass and LAI of community reduced nearly 50%, and 30% reduced on community coverage. When water was sufficient, 2500-2700 ℃was the accumulated temperature(>0℃) for best growth of Stipa krylovii. (4) Except for aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis, the growth characteristics of communities and species on grazing plots were better than the enclosed plots. With regard to biomass and stem number of Leymus chinensis on per unit area in grazing plots, they were respectively less 25% and 66.8% than in the enclosed plots.

  Genomic sequence analysis of three strains of duck hepatitis virus type 1 2010, 26 (14):  8-12.  Abstract + ( 1238 )   PDF ( 796677KB )   ( 1125 ) [OBJECTIVE]This experiment was conducted to study the genetic variations and phylogenetic analysis of three strains of duck hepatitis virus type 1(DHV-1); [METHOD]The complete sequences of three DHVs-1(FZ86, FZ99 and FZ05) were acquired by RT-PCR and 5'-/3'-RACE; [RESULTS]The results showed that the full genomic length of three strains virus were 7691-7700 nt without poly(A) tail, including 625-627 nt 5’UTR, followed by a long open reading frame(ORF) of 6750 nt and 325-328nt 3’UTR. The nucleotide sequences analysis of three DHV-1 strains and the cited DHV-1 isolates showed that their polyproteins can be cleaved into 12 proteins. In the 12 polyproteins, the VP1 polyprotein had large variation of aa180-187. The homologies of three DHVs-1 and other DHVs-1 were within 93.7%-98.8%, while the amino acid homology were 96.9%-98.8%. The DHV-1 strains clustered together and formed a separated sublinge with other numbers of the family Picornaviridae; [CONCLUSION] DHVs-1 are conserved on nucleotide and amimo acid , and belong to a new genus in the family Picornaviridae .

  Effects of Digestible Energy-to-Crude Protein Ratio of Formula Feed on Dairy Cows Rumen Fermentation 2010, 26 (14):  13-17.  Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 516537KB )   ( 936 )

  Study of the Correlations Between Polymorphism of KAP Gene and Wool Production Traits in Plateau Tibetan Sheep 2010, 26 (14):  18-22.  Abstract + ( 1297 )   PDF ( 566182KB )   ( 921 ) Polymorphisms of partial sequence of KAP3.2、KAP7 and the exon of KAP8 were studied in plateau Tibetan sheep by PCR-SSCP, and the correlation between polymorphism of KAP and the traits of wool length and wool yield were analyzed using least square linear model. To determine the preponderant marker for every trait, the selection reaction was forecasted via the genetic correlation between polymorphic loci and economic traits. The results showed that there were polymorphisms at three gene loci, and were detected three genotypes including AA, AB and BB. For the wool length trait, AA of KAP3.2 and KAP7 was significantly higher(P＜0.05）than BB. For the wool yield trait, AA of KAP3.2 was significantly higher(P＜0.05）than AB and BB, AB of KAP8 was significantly higher(P＜0.05）than AA and BB. The selection reaction of KAP3.2 was higher than KAP7 and KAP8, and it could be regarded as a preponderant marker for wool length and wool yield.

  The research of the Somatostatin immunoreactive endocrine cells in digestive tract of columbae livia domesticus 2010, 26 (14):  23-26.  Abstract + ( 1128 )   PDF ( 1126278KB )   ( 932 ) Abstract: The morphological features and relative frequency of Somatostatin secreting cells in the digestive tract of the columbae livia domesticus were investigated by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunohistochemical methods using ss antisera The somatostatin secreting cells were presented in somatostatin body and below.and the number of somatostatin body was the largest and a few were showed in intestine ,. There was no significant difference between the Various parts of the small intestine The Somatostatin secreting cells were seen between epithelial cells of mucosa layer and gastric gland, a few at the bottom of epithelial cells. The shape of Somatostatin secreting cells was diverse, there were ellipse, tapering, shuttle and so on.By the morphological observation,we consider that the distribution of somatostatin cells in the digestive tract is relevanted to the function of each part of digestive tract.

  Research Progress on Application of DNA Chip in Animal Medicine 2010, 26 (14):  27-30.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 473005KB )   ( 990 ) With the increase of genome’s numbers, DNA Chip technology gained widely application. Its merit of integration, miniaturization, automation advantages supply a powerful tool in the field of biology, medicine, chemistry and other research.This article from the pathogenic micro-organisms gene expression spectrum research, the genomics research and Identification of pathogenic microbial detection and so on to overview DNA chip technology in animal medicine application progress, and the principle of DNA chip technology are reviewed.

  Study on Increasing SIMMENTAL Bull Freezing Sperm Used Effect 2010, 26 (14):  31-33.  Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 476218KB )   ( 928 ) In order to increase the using effect of the freezing sperm. the writer improved the ingredients of unfreezing liquid, the freezing method, the unfreezing temperature and the preserving temperature after unfreeze. The results showed that: (1) Formula 1I and Ⅲ of semen dilutor had better result than formula I to the Sperm motility of SIMMENTAL bull (P<0.01))and the sperm motility of formula II was not different from that of the formula Ⅲ (P>0.05).(2)With the increasing of thawing temperature (40℃~65℃), the rate of motile spermatozoa increased obviously, but thawing at high temperature(80℃),the rate of motile spermatozoa was lower than that thawed at(40℃~65℃).(3) The preserving temperature after unfreeze ranging from (0℃~5℃) had better result than that of ranging from( 24℃~27℃).

  The study of Sex identification of pig with Two-temperature multiple PCR 2010, 26 (14):  34-36.  Abstract + ( 1413 )   PDF ( 971784KB )   ( 1110 ) Abstract:Amplification of mammalian male-determining gene SRY with polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to identify the gender of embryos, has been widely used in animal husbandry, optimizing the technical route to shorten the time has a very important significance in the latter part of the experiment. In this study, we designed and synthesized two pairs of primers according to pig SRY gene and GAPDH gene (internal standard) to rapidly identify gender of the early pig embryor by Two-temperature PCR reaction, results showed that:the 404bp of the GAPDH gene fragment can be amplified with the sow gene, while the 309 bp of the SRY gene fragment and 404 bp of the GAPDH gene fragmen can be simultaneously amplified with the boar gene. The positive rate was 100%, identification time is shorten 2 hours than the normal methords. This indicates that this detection method is fast and accurate, it provides a reliable technical assurance for sex identification of fetal fibroblast cell lines in the study of transgenic animals.

  The research on the choice act of farming households pig raising new technology demand 2010, 26 (14):  37-40.  Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 550711KB )   ( 925 ) This paper applies the Logistic Model to analyze the influential factors of farming households pig raising new technology demand, and the results can be listed as follows． The rate of farming pig raising households, knowing degree of pig raising technology project, whether there are some relevant techonology participants play a notable significance on applying the new technology.Some countermeasures and suggestions are given at the end of the paper．

  Update on Fructokinase in Higher Plants 2010, 26 (14):  41-47.  Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 689364KB )   ( 1417 ) Sucrose is the major form of carbohydrate transported in most higher plants. It can be cleaved to fructose and glucose. Fructose is probably then phosphorylated by fructokinase in order to establish sink tissues and enhance sink strength. Fructokinase also regulates the metabolism, growth and development as the sugar sensing and signalling element. Thus, fructokinase plays a crucial role in plant sink tissues. In this paper,we review the advances in the field of fructokinase concerning its gene cloning, gene expression, phylogenesis, structure, location and major physiological functions.

  Identification of hybrid strain 2628 on Volvariella volvacea and its variety test 2010, 26 (14):  48-53.  Abstract + ( 1140 )   PDF ( 2015696KB )   ( 994 ) 1、Abstract:In this study, with the method of leading-edge mycelial cells separation and cultivation, we got a normal strain 2628 of Volvariella volvacea ,which was crossed by two abnormal and infertile single strain 26 and strain 28 of Volvariella volvacea. DNA fingerprints of RAPD and SRAP molecular marker showed that strain 2628 was a hybrid strain including the mixed genetic fingerprints from strain 26 and strain 28. The fruiting test showed that strain 2628 is fertile，good quality, high yield and biological conversion rate up to 33.4%.The output of stran 2628 is two times more than the cultivar V23-2.

  Progress on Plant Glycine-Rich Protein 2010, 26 (14):  54-58.  Abstract + ( 1329 )   PDF ( 566416KB )   ( 1443 ) Abstract: The common feature of plant glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) is the presence of glycine-rich repeat domains. This paper gives a general account of domestic and overseas research progress of GRPs and GRP genes in recent years, systematically presents related research of the structural and expression regulation and function features of GRPs, so as to offer a reference for further studies.

  A two-dimensional electrophoresis protocol to study protein discrepancies in mesocarp and putamen during prunus persica fruit development 2010, 26 (14):  59-64.  Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 1481012KB )   ( 958 ) Peach (Prunus persica L.cv.Okubao) fruits around 56 days after anthesis were adopted in this experiment. The total protein was extracted and isolated by immobilized pH gradient（IPG）based on 2-DE routine. 1273±101 and 1292±115 protein spots were detected respectively from 2-DE patterns of mesocarp and putamen. Many spots of aggregate matched protein spots were present in both patterns of mesocarp and putamen, and 30 spots showed 2-fold（t-test, p<0.05）up-regulated on quantitative appearing an increase in spot intensity and maximum abundance in putamen than mesocarp , in addition 35 protein spots expressed 2-fold（t-test, p<0.05）down-regulated. 10 spots were just observed in mesocarp’s pattern, whereas 18 spots was only found in putamen.

  Relationship between ABA and GAs Contents and Pre-harvest Sprouting in Grains of Transgenic Anti-trxs Gene Wheat 2010, 26 (14):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1385 )   PDF ( 726246KB )   ( 975 ) In this paper, to investigate the function mechanism of antisense - thioredoxin s (anti-trxs) gene in transgenic wheat, the endogenous trxh gene expression pattern, the contents of endogenous ABA and GAs, pre-harvest sprouting characteristic and their relationship in transgenic line 01TY18-99-8, 01TY18-100-2 and non-transgenic cultivar ‘Yumai 18’ were studied by real-time RT-PCR, enzyme linked immunoserbent assay (ELISA) and intact spike sprouting assay. The result indicated that foreign anti-trxs gene could express. During seed filling process, the express amounts of trxh gene in two transgenic line seeds were lower distinctly than non-transgenic seeds (Fig. 1). Compared with non-transgenic plant, the ABA and ABA/GAs contents in transgenic lines increased significantly (P < 0.01) by 18.39% and 23.47% respectively at 10～30 day after anthesis (Fig. 2, Fig. 4), while the GAs content decreased averagely by 9.14% at 15～30 day after anthesis (Fig. 3). The sprouting ratio of seeds on spikes decreased significantly (P < 0.01) by 49.65%、28.2%、27.23%, respectively at the periods of 20, 25 and 30 day after anthesis (Table 1). Based on further correlative analysis, the sprouting ratio of spikes were negatively correlated with the contents of ABA and ABA/GAs, and the correlation between the sprouting ratio of spikes and the contents of ABA and ABA/GAs reached a significantly level (P < 0.05) or greatly significantly level (P < 0.01). The sprouting ratio of spikes were positively correlated with the GAs contents, but the correlation between the sprouting ratio of spikes and the GAs contents didn’t reached a significantly level except for at 30 day after anthesis(Table 2). Thus it can be concluded that foreign trxs gene expression in transgenic lines maybe regulate the balances of ABA and GAs contents, made ABA level increased and leaded finally to the sprouting ratio of spikes lower.

  Progress in Plant Tissue culture Somaclonal Variation 2010, 26 (14):  70-73.  Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 504148KB )   ( 1177 ) This paper overviewed the concept of somaclonal variation, variation sources, factors, variation performance and detection methods in plant tissue culture, and pointed out the shortage and research directions in the future.

  Study of the Subcelluar Localization of Maize ZmPti1 in Transgenic Arabidopsis 2010, 26 (14):  74-77.  Abstract + ( 1695 )   PDF ( 920414KB )   ( 1640 ) Pti1 gene plays an important role in plant disease resistance signal transduction. One Pti1-like gene ZmPti1 participates in the salt resistance signal transduction, as well. To determine the subcelluar localization of ZmPti1, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as a reporter gene to construct the plant expression vectors pGreen0029-35S∷ZmPti1-GFP and pGreen0029-35S∷GFP. The 35S promoter was used to drive the gene expression of ZmPti1-GFP fusion protein and pure GFP protein. The two vectors were transformed respectively into Arabidopsis by floral dip method. Subcellular localization was determined by Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed that ZmPti1 might be a soluble protein and localize in the cytoplasm.

  In vitro culture and plant regeneration of the microspores from Brassica campestris L. （ssp.chinensis and ssp.pekinensis) 2010, 26 (14):  78-81.  Abstract + ( 1304 )   PDF ( 824339KB )   ( 1122 ) Abstract：The microspores of 5 genotypes of Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis and 1 genotype of Brassica campestris L. ssp.pekinensis were cultured in vitro using modified NLN medium (1 / 2 of inorganic major element) and the procedure of microspore culture of Brassica napus. The results showed that the embryo yield between genotypes was obviously different. The embryos regenerated from the microsores of 5 out of 6 genotypes with 83.33% of tested materials.The embryo yield of zhongqiqingkangre605 was the highest with 8.676 embryos per 10 buds.All embryos produced from the microspores of 5 genotypes developed into stronger plantlets on B5 medium added NAA and PP333. The embryogenesis capacity of microspores of 6 genotypes needs to be further studied.

  Application Progress and Develop Prospect of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes 2010, 26 (14):  82-85.  Abstract + ( 974 )   PDF ( 500705KB )   ( 1638 ) Lignocellulolytic enzymes are widely used by it’s industry valuable, this paper expound it’s application on breeding, food, brewing, spinning industry etc. and it’s prospect in the future.

  Studies on the Methods of Extraction Genomic DNA from Sugarcane Seed-stem Juice 2010, 26 (14):  86-89.  Abstract + ( 990 )   PDF ( 629439KB )   ( 977 ) Abstract: Three different methods were used to extract genomic DNA from sugarcane seed-stem , and the methods were CTAB, SDS-Ⅰand SDS-Ⅱ. Leaves were taken as the control. The quality of the extracted DNA was detected. The results showed that the DNA yield of SDS-Ⅰwas the highest. Overall, although the yield of DNA from seed-stem was lower than leaves, but the concentration and purity of DNA from seed-stem were sufficient to meet the requirement of the downstream molecule experiments, and the operation was more convenient than taking leaves as the material.

  The establishment of RAPD-PCR system of Dioscorea opposite Thunb 2010, 26 (14):  90-93.  Abstract + ( 1328 )   PDF ( 1201269KB )   ( 1000 ) abstract: The total DNAs of Dioscorea opposite Thunb were extract by the improved CTAB method, and set the gradient by single factor experiment with template DNA concentration, Primer concentration, dNTP concentration, Taq concentration and Mg2+ concentration, Study on the effect of single-factor change on D. opposite RAPD-PCR amplification. In conclusion, the D. opposite reaction system was optimized as below: 50ng template DNA, 0.3U Taq DNA polymerse, 3.0mmol/L Mg2+,0.2μmol/L primer and 0.2mmol/L dNTPs with total 20μL reaction solution.

  Distrbution and Morphological Observation of 5-HT Cells in Digestive Tract of Rana amurensis 2010, 26 (14):  94-97.  Abstract + ( 1009 )   PDF ( 1260174KB )   ( 968 ) Abstract : Immunohistochemical localization and morphological observation of 5-Hydroxyt- rypamine immunoreactive cells (5-HT cell) in the digestive tract of Rana amurensis have been investigated by the method of the ABC immunohistochemical technique.The results are as follows:the 5-HT cells distribute throughout the digestive tract and their density is the highest in the pylorica part of stomach, followed by the cardia part of stomach, the lowest cell density is found in jejunum. The 5-HT cells have different shapes including round, ellipse, shuttle-like, tapering and other shapes. The 5-HT cells distribute between epithelial cells, at the basal region of epithelial cells, between glandular epithelial cells .The morphological characteristics of 5-HT cells are related with their endocrine, exocrine functions.

  Jasmonate- and salicylate-mediated plant defense responses and their application in medicinal plants 2010, 26 (14):  98-100.  Abstract + ( 1120 )   PDF ( 441720KB )   ( 1775 ) Signaling networks mediated by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) can regulate plant defenses responses. Generally, JA-mediated signaling pathways are related to the regulations of anti-herbivore, while SA pathway is concerning defense responses against pathogens. Cross-talk between JA- and SA-pathways plays important roles in fine-tuning defense responses. It is suggested that both jasmonates and salicylates are effectively able to mediate the defense responses of host plant to the parasitism of other plant. This review describes the functions of some defense signaling molecules in plant，especially JA and SA， including their role in responses to insect, pathogen and parasitism. In addition, the application of JA and SA to medicinal plant researches is mentioned.

  Optimization of parameters of mixture juice to eliminating lead 2010, 26 (14):  101-107.  Abstract + ( 971 )   PDF ( 887938KB )   ( 987 ) In order to determine the affectoi of eliminating lead, five parameters, namely, glycyrrhizic acid, the extracting liquid of Chinese traditional medicine, soybean peptide, mineral element calcium and zinc, was explored in the stomach of simulation external-body, and the regressive equation was gained.A penta-factorial quadratic rotary combination experimental design and the consideration of cost price were employed to develop the Optimization of parameters of mixture juice . An optimum combination of dose with glycyrrhizic acid，the extracting liquid of Chinese traditional medicine，soybean peptide，mineral element calcium，mineral element zinc was1.46g，0.88mL, 1.19g，0.4g and 0.21g，respectively, the ratio of the chelated was to 92.21% after repetitious test.

  Starch Properties of Japonica Rice Enriched with Resistant Starch 2010, 26 (14):  108-112.  Abstract + ( 1176 )   PDF ( 3418807KB )   ( 1232 ) 【Objective】Compared the starch properties between two japonica rice with significant diffrences in resistant starch. 【Method】Using japonica rice lines，jiangtangdao 1 which cultivated by Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences and jinfeng, with significant diffrences in resistant starch content, Compared the amylopectin chain length distribution, characters of RVA properties and differences in the molecular structure between them. 【Result】For the jiangtangdao 1 starch, short-chain portion was significantly lower than the relative rate of Jinfeng, while the relative proportions of long-chain portion was significantly higher; the peak viscosity、 hot paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity,was significantly or very significantly lower, but the setback viscosity was significantly higher than Jinfeng; jiangtaodao 1 starch is more thermostable and the crystals type is primarily for B-type crystals or B, V mixed crystal, while the Jinfeng starch is mainly A-type crystals and A, V mixed crystal.【Conclusion】The amylopectin chain length distribution, characters of RVA properties, amylose content and molecular structure of starch shows significant diffrences between high and low resistant starch content strains.Therefore,it could be used as a breeding index.

  Effect of polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea on tau protein phosphorylation 2010, 26 (14):  113-116.  Abstract + ( 1242 )   PDF ( 1391106KB )   ( 1164 ) Abstract: (Object) This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of polysaccharide from portulaca oleracea on neuronal cytoskeleton microtubule protein (tau) phosphorylation. (Method) Model for neuronal cytoskeleton was established by construction of gene expression vector and transfection vehicle of pEGFP-tau-s3 in 3T3 cell. Co-transfection of pEGFP-tau-s3 and pcDNA-GSK-3β in 3T3 cell, fluorescence microscope observation, and western blotting were used in this study.(Result) Result showed that polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea restrained effects of GSK kinase on tau phosphorylation. (Inclusion) These data suggest that Portulaca oleracea might have protection effect on neuronal cytoskeleton microtubule.

  Germination Pattern and Genetic Analysis of Rice Mutant 4001 with Multiple Buds in Single Embyro 2010, 26 (14):  117-122.  Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 868773KB )   ( 1058 ) The anatomy and germination pattern of mature seeds of rice line 4001 was studied. The results showed that the kernel of rice line 4001 had only one embryo but produced multiple buds after germination, indicating that 4001 was a novel mutant with multiple buds originated from the same embryo. 58.9% of embryos had coleoptiles and consequently germinated multiple buds. Multi-coleoptile embryo lacked scales and ectodermals were short or absent, resulting coleoptiles half-naked. Coleoptiles morphology diverse and mainly was consisted of palmate- and rolling tongue- shape ones. Of multiple buds of 4001, 79.1% were multi-bud and-coleoptile morphology (mainly bud and-coleoptile one), the other were multi-bud of a coleoptile. A small number of multiple buds from a coleoptile was also observed to be enclosed by the first leaf and second leafc commonly. Multi-buds were similar in size and growth speed. Multiple buds from a coleoptile were linked by vascular, while those from different coleoptiles were not. Thus, multiple buds of 4001 seed were neither primary and secondary buds, nor the so-called primary shoot and tiller buds. Multiple buds of 4001 were controlled by complex genetic mechanism and might be due to gene mutations caused by transposition.

  Situation of Production and Quality and Development Countermeasure of Peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai Region 2010, 26 (14):  123-128.  Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 606114KB )   ( 1255 ) Huang-Huai-Hai region is an important agricultural production base. The region has advanced technology, high unit yield, well exporting basis, formed rudiment of processing industry in peanut production, and its’ planting scale and yields occupies a decisive position in China, furthermore, it is an important pillar for stabilizing vegetable oil market . Influence by conditions such as ecology and variety, peanut of the region has higher fat content, medium protein content and relatively low O/L. In spatial distribution, the trend of peanut protein content is “high east and low west” and “high south and low north” and “high in hill region and low in plain region”, fat content gradually decreases form north to south, O/L gradually increases form north to south. Over standard of aflatoxin, daminozide and heavy metal content is the main obstacle of peanut export in the region. Seven cardinal principles such as developing peanut industrial superiority fully, optimizing space layout, cultivating high-quality and special varieties, expanding advanced cultivation technology, enhancing construction of standard production base, extending industrial chain and improving deep processing level must be followed for realizing sustainable development of peanut industry and ensuring national oil safety.

  Research of Hybridization Technique and Observation of Flowering Habit in Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook 2010, 26 (14):  129-132.  Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 4354377KB )   ( 844 )

  Drought tolerance identification and photosynthesis parameters analysis of different generation introgression line 2010, 26 (14):  133-137.  Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 710508KB )   ( 886 ) Introgression line BC3 ,BC4,four upland rice and one lowland rice was used in this research and drought stress was imposed on booting stage of crop, aimed at compare the difference of yield, biomass and economic coefficient in different varieties and the relationship between photosynthesis parameters with yield. The result shown that BC4 has no significant difference with upland rice, but is significant different with Shengnong 265 in yield, biomass and economic coefficient; BC3 introgression line show no difference Shengnong265 in yield ,biomass and economic coefficient , but different from upland rice. This may imply that BC4 can better combine upland rice drought tolerance and lowland high yield together. Photochemical quenching coefficient(qP) is Significant correlated with yield and economic coefficient, the correlation are 0.257 and 0.308; no photosynthesis parameter has significant correlation with biomass; maximum chlorophyll fluorescence(Fm) and minimum chlorophyll fluorescence(F0) under light all has significant correlation with economic coefficient, the correlation are -0.257 and -0.224.

  Empirical Analysis on Total Factor Productivity of Potatoes in China——Based on the nonparametric Malmquist Productivity Index 2010, 26 (14):  138-144.  Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 1504428KB )   ( 1183 ) The paper applies the Malmquist productivity index approach to estimating total factor productivity change of potatoes production in China from 1998 to 2008. The results show: (1) total factor productivity of potatoes production in China has declined due to the decreasing technological progress, and the efficiency change is the main driving force for TFP growth. (2) total factor productivity of potatoes production is not the same in the different area due to different reasons.

  Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and physiological of Taxodium mucronatum×Cryptomera fortunei 2010, 26 (14):  145-148.  Abstract + ( 1074 )   PDF ( 690689KB )   ( 1046 )

  Effect of different pharmacy treatments on seed germination and seedling quality of Candlenut Tree 2010, 26 (14):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 713736KB )   ( 976 ) the test The effect of different pharmaceutical treatment on seed germination, seedling diameter, growth of root, biomass allocation and physiological quality index of Aleurites moluccana(Linn.) Wild was studied. After soaking with a certain concentration of GA, KNO3, GGR and ABT1, seeds were sown in the sand bed. Meanwhile, dry direct seeding was the comparison. The results showed that the germination rate of 200mg /L GA for 24h was the highest, up to 54%. This was followed by soaking in 2000mg/L KNO3 for 24 hours, the germination rate reached 32% . These were significant different from the comparison. The quality of seedling were detected on the basis of growth and physiological indicators. Soaking in 100mg / L GGR6 # for 24 hours showed the best quality, followed by 200mg/L GA for 24 h. The worst treatment was 2000mg/L KNO3 for 24 hours.

  Genetic Variation of Plant Height and Ear Height of Gradient Tropical Germplasm Populations on Maize 2010, 26 (14):  154-157.  Abstract + ( 1131 )   PDF ( 439271KB )   ( 800 ) Abstract:In order to innovate maize breeding new materials, gradient tropical germplasm populations were constructed according to different proportion of tropical germplasm into temperate germplasm. Using Gradient tropical germplasm populations as test materials, explored the traits genetic potential and difference. The result shown that plant height (pH) and ear height (EH) genetic difference between gradient populations were significant. Gradient populations of plant height and ear height from 100% tropical germplasm low to 50% tropical germplasm, showing a gradually increasing trend, but not the magnitude of changes.When the proportion of tropical germplasm down to 25% and 12.5%, plant height and ear height significantly reduced.

  The Preliminary Study on the Abjective and Tactics of Wheat Breeding of the Mountain Area in the Northweat Guizhou 2010, 26 (14):  158-161.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 524316KB )   ( 889 ) In the light of ccology and production condition of the mountain arca in the North West Guiahou advanced that objectives of yield、quality、resistance and adaptive faculty in wheat breeding。At the same time Advanced to realze this objectives\s main tacties is distant crossing 、crossing of winter and spring and improved of native varicty.

  Comparison of Biological Characteristics across Experiments in Maize 2010, 26 (14):  162-164.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 550125KB )   ( 1210 ) Under low and high P application, 6 Maize genotypes were selected to compare the biological characteristics and P efficiency by hydroponic culture and pot experiment in maize genotypes. The main results were summarized as follows: The relative length of chief root (RLC) and relative root-shoot rati(RRR) were low in hydroponic culture than pot experiment , but relative dry weight(RW) and P efficiency were high. The variance analysis indicated that the difference of length of chief root, root-shoot ratio, relative dry weight and P efficiency was significance between hydroponic culture and pot experiment.

  Dependence Relation of Aerial Part Traits and Root Traits of Rice in Heilongjiang Province 2010, 26 (14):  165-168.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 458661KB )   ( 948 ) In order to exploring correlation of aerial part traits and root traits of rice in cold region at different growth stage, 3 super rice varieties and 3 common varieties of Heilongjiang province were tested in this study by field experiment。The results indicated that root length was positive correlation with seed setting rate, length and diameter of each internode, seed number per ear and number of first stalk per ear at each stage; volume of root was negative correlation with seed number per ear, plant height, number of the first and the second stalk per ear, respectively at tilling stage, but which was positive correlation after booting stage; dry matter weight was super significant negative correlation with number of panicle (r=-0.92**), and which was super significant positive correlation with seed number per ear, number of the first stalk and seed number of the first stalk. The root/shoot ratio was significant positive correlation with yield (r=0.84*～0.96**).

  Preliminary analysis of physiological metabolism of callus induction and differentiation between Japonica and Indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2010, 26 (14):  172-176.  Abstract + ( 1141 )   PDF ( 1300561KB )   ( 1067 ) Possible causes for poorer regeneration of indica variety 9311 than japonica variety Nipponbare were analized by comparing the differences of physiological metabolism in callus, which obtained at different stages of callus induction and differentiation. The results demonstrate that, in different culture days of callus induction and differentiation, total nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen in Nipponbare callus is higher than that of 9311. Nitrate nitrogen in Nipponbare is also higher than that in 9311 before 25days of callus differentiation. Moreover, at the level of cells metabolism, soluble protein in Nipponbare is higher than that in 9311 from callus induction to 15 days of differentiation.

  Study on the Pollination Characteristic of Chinese Medicine “Radix Paeoniae Alba” 2010, 26 (14):  177-181.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 492456KB )   ( 991 ) [Abstract] Objective：To provide a scientific basis for the protection of medicinal peony resources and good breeding by studying the pollination characteristic of Chinese Medicine “Radix Paeoniae Alba. Method:To compare different ways to deal with the average fructication rate and seed quality by 11 different pollination methods.Result:Peony is kind of cross-pollination with weak capability of selfing; Paeonia of cross-pollination coming from different plants can increase the peony fructication rate of 3 times,the natural growth of flowers given to pollinate fructication rate can increase nearly 4 times; The average fruction rate of no-pollination is 0.17%, the average fruction rate of cross pollination in one flower is 0.84%,and The average fruction rate of cross pollination in one plant is 1.16%; Emasculation and Corolla to deal with the results of peony show to the main cross-pollination, at the same time in the Corolla pollination also play a strong role.Conclusion: Peony is kind of cross-pollination with weak capability of selfing,but no apomixes was found; Paeonia of cross-pollination coming from different plants can increase the peony fructication rate; At the same time, the reasons of Peony low rate give a preliminary analysis.

  Root Architecture of Different Phosphorus Efficiency in Soybean Genotype in Response to Low-Phosphorus Stress 2010, 26 (14):  182-185.  Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 444953KB )   ( 959 ) To explore the adaptive response to soybean root architecture indicators in low-phosphorus stress, to study the relationship of root architecture indicators with P efficiency. This test selected three "P-inefficient" soybean genotype D3, D17 and D18 and the "phosphorus efficiency" soybean genotypes D34, D37 and D38, A field experiment was located high and low phosphorus treatment, phosphorus efficiency of soybean genotypes and root architecture of the relationship were studied. The results showed that the high phosphorus treatment, the soybean root architecture for the test and the root dry biomass were no significant differences; in the low-phosphorus treatment, the difference between the various genotypes to reach significant level. Correlation analysis showed that root length, root surface area and root biomass and aboveground dry biomass reached significant or highly significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficient of root diameter and phosphorus efficiency does not meet the significance level. Low-phosphorus stress, the root length, root surface area and root biomass of affecting plant phosphorus efficiency, root diameter less impact on the efficiency of phosphorus. Therefore could be the root length, root surface area as a selection of phosphorus efficiency of soybean an important indicator , the root biomass as a supplementary screening index.

  Study on the characteristics of distribution of 14C photosynthetic products in red goble grape with coloring phase 2010, 26 (14):  186-189.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   PDF ( 468042KB )   ( 955 ) In this experiment, with the 2-year-old red globle grape under open field cultivation as test material, tree distribution of photosynthetic products of 14C was studied by feeding on the fruiting branches in different sections of bits of leaves and girdling treatment. The results showed that the relative position of leaf effects the transportation and distribution of assimilates to the fruits. The ipsilateral ear leaf is the main assimilation source of fruit with coloring phase, while the opposite side especially the upper ear leaf is the main assimilation source of dendrite below and the distribution rate is related to organ weight. Girdling treatment eliminated the effects made by the relative position of leaves on the distribution of photosynthetic products to fruit and other organs.

  Research Development of LHRH and LHRHR 2010, 26 (14):  190-192.  Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 440901KB )   ( 1162 ) In this paper, we introduced the characters and prestent status of LHRH and LHRHR, discussed its main function.Review on LHRH and LHRHR can be worth of tumor therapy.

  A research of Carbon-nitrogen ratio variation during animal manure composting 2010, 26 (14):  193-196.  Abstract + ( 1157 )   PDF ( 562565KB )   ( 1543 ) This article analyses the composting which is made up by the poultry dung and cow manure. The point is a carbon-nitrogen ratio(C/N) variation of the three kinds of composting. The composting lasted 49 days.The fermentation period of 1:0.5 poultry-cow ratio is 30 days.The result reveals that both of total carbon(TC) and total nitrogen(TN) decreased all the time,and TC was decreasing faster than TN.The carbon-nitrogen ratio decreased slowly.When the three kinds of composting finished,the best one was the poultry-cow ratio is 1:0.5.

  A review of the indexes of active soil organic matter and the relationship with soil nutrients 2010, 26 (14):  197-203.  Abstract + ( 1125 )   PDF ( 542619KB )   ( 1386 ) Currently, many nomenclatures have been given as the name of active organic matter, (such as Labile Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass Organic Matter，Light Fraction Organic Matter, Dissolved Organic Matter, Particulate Organic Matter) and no unified definition has been established yet, as disparate angles and methods are adopted by different researchers, which triggers confusion in understanding. In this passage the sources of these nomenclatures, definitions and their relationships with soil nutrients were all clearly addressed in a systematic way, and thus can be of some help in better understanding the knowledge about active organic matter, revealing the correlations between the relative indexes, and clarifying some concepts as well.

  Effect of organic amendments and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial activity, biomass, and community structure 2010, 26 (14):  204-208.  Abstract + ( 1433 )   PDF ( 471116KB )   ( 1504 ) This paper summarized the effect of organic amendments and chemical fertilizer on soil microbial activity, biomass, and community structure, as well as different microbial feedback to fertilizer inputs because of dissimilar original soil fertility, long/short term fertilizer inputs and amount of fertilizer. Fertilizer inputs is the most important agricultural management practice affecting soil carbon and nitrogen content. Moreover, soil carbon and nitrogen provide a direct source for soil organisms. Furthermore, microbial activity is a live driving force for soil nutrition transformation. Mineral fertilizers have limited direct effects on soil microbial activity, quantity and diversity, but their application can enhance soil microbial activity via increases in crop production, crop residue returns and soil organic matter. Another important indirect effect especially of N fertilization is soil acidification, with considerable negative effects on soil microorganism. Organic amendments provide a direct source of C for soil microorganisms as well as an indirect C source via increased crop growth and crop residue returns. In a word, long term fertilization not only change microbial nutrition transformation way, accordingly affecting soil nitrogen providing capacity and carbon store capacity, but also affect soil sustainability and soil quality.

  Effects of soil pH and some meliorators of acidified soil on fruit qualities of apples (Mulus domestica) 2010, 26 (14):  209-213.  Abstract + ( 1287 )   PDF ( 506143KB )   ( 1177 ) Abstract Some kinds of soil in Shandong old apple production area are becoming acidified with more and more fertilizer application. In order to evaluate the effects of acidified soil and its modification on fruit quality, some Fuji apple orchards were used to study the effects of acidified soil and some acidified soil modifiers on apple fruit quality and soil characters, and thereby analyze the effects of soil pH on comprehensive fruit quality with statistical modern. The results showed that the relative coefficient between soil pH and fruit single weight, total soluble solid content, soluble sugar content, skin red color (a*) and fruit flavor were 0.9711, 0.9548, 0.9629, 0.984 and 0.9494 respectively，all of which were bigger than r0（r0=0.9500）. It is proposed that orchard soil acidification not only decreases apple yield but also reduces fruit quality. Some new acidified soil modifiers, such as that used in this study with used Bentonite and some organic materials as the main components, were showed to not only increase soil pH value but also improve apple qualities.

  The Influence of Different Fertilizers on The Soil Nutrition in Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China 2010, 26 (14):  214-217.  Abstract + ( 1021 )   PDF ( 519245KB )   ( 823 ) Abstract: In the typical Soil-gravel Area in pingshan County, Hebei Province, it has thin layer and poor soil water-retention capacity and difficulties in irrigation for gneiss and granite mountain soil. Seriously lack of water and fertilizer is the vegetation recover restrictive factor of this area. Comparing with fertilizers，three new fertilizers (bio-organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, microbial agents) were superior to chemical fertilizers on the improvement of soil chemical properties, can significantly increased soil total nitrogen, total potassium, organic matter, nitrogen, available potassium content. With the treatment of bio-organic fertilizer 2000g/socket, soil total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 444%, 87%, 906%, 355%, 1131% than CK, the nutritions of soil have been improved greatly. So, bio-organic fertilizer can be utilized to improve the nutritions, which promote plants to grow and accelerate plants to renew.

  Effect of “combinations of NPK fertilizer” Fertilization Experiment and Fertilizer Recommendation on Mid-season Rice 2010, 26 (14):  218-221.  Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 471581KB )   ( 972 ) This paper studied the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on mid-season rice by the different combinations of NPK fertilizer fertilization experiment, which was conducted in Jingzhou city, Hubei Province. The result showed that the effect of N fertilization on mid-season rice yield and economic benefit was largest among the three nutrients, The highest increment of N, P2O5 and K2O were 1 291, 391and 676 kg/hm2, and which were 20%, 5.9% and 10.6% higher than that of control, respectively. The net income of N, P and K were 1 073, 283and 190yuan/hm2 respectively. According to the model of fertilizer effect, the highest yield will be reached when N, P2O5and K2O application rate are 123, 64and126 kg/hm2 and the highest profit will be reached when N, P2O5 and K2O application rate are 110, 60and 70 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Study of Different Nitrogen Level on Rice Yield and Quality at Cold Area 2010, 26 (14):  222-225.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 475475KB )   ( 886 ) The effect of different Nitrogen Levels on rice yield and quality of Longdao5 and Dongnong428 through single factors experimental design. The result showed that the differences were significant by different Nitrogen Levels effect on rice panicle per square meters, grains per spike, air shriveled grain, 1000-grain weight and yield. The panicle per square meters of Longdao5 was increased with the increases of nitrogen. During the nitrogen level 0-135kg/hm2, the number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and yield was increased with the amount of nitrogen increases, while nitrogen level in 175kg/hm2 the number of grains per spike was declined and air shriveled grain was high, Dongnong 428 had the same trend. Protein content and amylose content of rice was increased with the amount of nitrogen increases. The amylose content of Dongnong 428 was decreased for 175kg/hm2 .The brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate of Longdao5 and Dongnong428 were the biggest in nitrogen level 135kg/hm2. The chalkiness degree and chalkiness rate of Longdao5 was significant between each treatment, The gel consistency difference of Dongnong428 was significant, the gel consistency was decreased with the nitrogen level increased.

  Effects of different types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on nodule growth characteristics and yield and grain quality of soybean 2010, 26 (14):  226-228.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   PDF ( 421010KB )   ( 920 ) Abstract：The study aimed to analyze effects of three different types of nitrogen fertilizer on nodule growth characteristics and yields of Yu dou 29 soybean in the field conditions.The results showed that with three different types of nitrogen fertilizer treatment，It had different magnitude higher than the contrast,in the quanity and volume of rhizobium at all times,and in the quality traits at maturity. The NH2-N treatment(urea) compared with other treatments had the highest. With NH2-N treatment(urea) ,it can significantly promote the growth of rhizobia, Including the number and volume，at late birth particularly.It could also stimulate the growth of soybean,improved the quality traits of soybean.

  PRESENT SITUATION OF FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON SPRING MAIZE IN NORTHEAST CHINA 2010, 26 (14):  229-231.  Abstract + ( 1045 )   PDF ( 409241KB )   ( 1260 ) 433 farmer’s investigations in Northeast China were analyzed to understand present situation of fertilizer applying on spring maize. The results shown that, the average application rate of N, P2O5 and K2O was 207 kg/hm2, 100 kg/hm2 and 65 kg/hm2 respectively, the proportion of fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O) on spring maize is 1:0.5:0.3;there are 33% of farmers who applied high nitrogen concentration fertilizer, but only 6% applied organic fertilizer, while those who applied top-dressing were 65%. 69% farmers determine fertilizer application based on their experience, 37% based on field production, and only 3% accord to technical manuals.

  Molecular Characterization of Chinese cymbidium based on Extended RAPD (ERAPD) and PCR-RFLP Markers 2010, 26 (14):  232-237.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 1554008KB )   ( 1075 ) 【objective】In order to reveal the genetic variations and relationship of 21 Chinese cymbidium cultivars.【Method】21 cultivars from 7 cymbidium species were analyzed by ERAPD, cpDNA and mtDNA PCR-RFLP markers.【Result】Eighty-eight polymorphic bands are observed in 8 out of 80 random primers (10%) in RAPD analyses, the 2.5-kb RAPD fragment are obtained in ERAPD analysis, Genetic difference are revealed in 4 primers （66.67%）and 12 primer-enzyme combinations(25%) by cpDNA PCR-RFLP analysis, 2 primers （33.33%）and 1 primer-enzyme combinations(4%) by mtDNA PCR-RFLP analysis.【conclusion】The results indicate that these molecular markers can detect the genetic difference in 21 Chinese cymbidium cultivars.

  The impact of the training materials with different percentage of carbon and nitrogen to the yielding and the nutritional quality of the Flammulina velutipes 2010, 26 (14):  238-242.  Abstract + ( 1073 )   PDF ( 543148KB )   ( 1390 ) the flammulina velutipes mycelium growth rate and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is proportional in the mediumbetween the ratio of 25:1 ~ 60:1 ratio, while when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is greater than 40:1, with the higher carbon-nitrogen ratio of material culture, the flammulina tends to have less output with the increase of the carbon-nitrogen ratio . Carbon and nitrogen analysis showed that the material culture of Flammulina velutipes of protein nutritional is irrelevant with the Carbon and nitrogen proportions in the training materials while it has impacts on the mycelium growth rate and output of the Flammulina velutipes .

  Repeatability and Genetic Correlation of Florescence in Paeonia suffruticosa 2010, 26 (14):  243-246.  Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 496281KB )   ( 878 ) This paper was conducted to the feasibility of genetic control, genetic correlation and indirect selection of florescence in Paeonia suffruticosa. Nine quantitative traits such as early blooming stage, full blooming stage, fade stage and florescence of single flower; relative water content of petals; the number of common petals, petaloid and all the petals; the length of the single flower of were investigated by randomized block design in 13 Paeonia suffruticosa cultivars during their blooming. All the numbers obtained were analyzed by Quantitative Genetics Principle. The results indicated that petals and florescence all had various variation; The repeatability of florescence characters was between 0.3218 and 0.5047, which suggested that these traits were in moderate to higher genetic controlled; florescence had significant genetic correlation with relative water content of petals, so relative water content of petals can be the indirect selection of florescence. Florescence characters did not have significant correlation with the number of petals and the length of single flower.

  Rice pest damage self-recognition search 2010, 26 (14):  251-255.  Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 480429KB )   ( 1013 ) Abstract: The aim of the study is to help the big farming household, the basic agricultural technicians and the agricultural chemical management staff to identify the main diseases and pests of rice, choose the right chemical properly to raise the control effect, simultaneously harvest safe rice. In this study we intend to through investigate and observe the diseases and pests along with theirs symptoms in the field, and take digital photos of characteristics of the pests, as well as theirs damage symptoms; based on the predecessors experience, analyzed the damaged features and differences of the different pests and diseases, a binary tree structural retrieval table was formed on the basis of pests damages on the different section of plants, then, compare field damages with the digital photos and make verification, forming self-service rice pests retrieval model. The feature of this new retrieval method is easy to understand and operate, this very model is more appropriate to real production, the basic workers would accept it happily and use it easily, while compare to the previous retrieval model that pests and diseases are separate and mainly based on the adult features, so as to identify the abnormal quickly and make diagnosis personally, at the same time, enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of diseases and pests, and then, carry out prevention purposely.

  The Multi-resistant Identification of Soybean to Main Diseases 2010, 26 (14):  256-260.  Abstract + ( 991 )   PDF ( 462268KB )   ( 974 ) The recent years plant disease occur seriously in the soybean production，already became the influence soybean high production， one of high-grade primary factors。Therefore investigates, the discovery, the understanding soybean promptly produces plant disease to have the harm situation, screening and the cultivation disease-resistant variety are in many kinds of preventing and controlling measure the most labor province effect great method.。In this study an extensive collection of resource materials at home and abroad soybean，Identification of all varieties, respectively Cercospora sojina; Phytophthora soja; soybean root rot; then pairs of anti-and multi-resistance identification.. Evaluating three resistance of Phytophthora soja and Cercospora sojina ; Evaluating three resistance of Phytophthora soja and soybean root rot, Evaluating two resistance of Cercospora sojina and soybean virus diseases. Breeding for disease resistance provide a valuable multi-resistant parent.

  Primary Identification of Powdery Mildew on Melon cultivated in Lands Overlaid with Sands in Ningxia 2010, 26 (14):  261-264.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 4823472KB )   ( 988 ) 【OBJECTIVE】 The study aimed to identify preliminarily powdery mildew on “Yujinxiang” that is the major variety of melon cultivated in lands overlaid with sands of droughty midregion in Ningxia. 【METHOD】 identification preliminary have completed in this paper based on morphological characteristics conidia, germ-tube, fibrosin bodies, hypha, and conidiophores of melon powdery mildew under light microscope. 【RESULT】 The pathogen of melon powdery mildew on “Yujinxiang” is Sphacelotheca fuliginea. 【CONCLUSION】 Sphacelotheca fuliginea could cause powdery mildew on “Yujinxiang”.

  Research Progress of Ustiloxins 2010, 26 (14):  265-268.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 486747KB )   ( 1276 ) Ustiloxins are cyclopeptide mycotoxins produced by the false smut pathogen (teleomorph: Claviceps oryzae-sativae; anamorph: Ustilaginoidea virens) of rice. They are toxic to plants and animals especially for their cytotoxic activity to be antimitotic by inhibition of microtubule assembly and cell skeleton formation. Ustiloxins can be used for medicinal and agrochemical purposes acting as antitumor, antifungal and insecticidal agents. The classification, isolation and purification, detection and analysis of the ustiloxins along with their broad range of biological activities are briefly reviewed in this paper.

  Study on Herbicidal Activities of Different Organs of Pruns persica cv001. ‘Ju Hua’ 2010, 26 (14):  269-272.  Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 591677KB )   ( 904 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In order to understand the herbicidal activities of different organs of Pruns persica cv001. ‘Ju Hua’ on seedlings of Lactuca sativa L., Cucumis sativus L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Abutilon theophrasti Medicus Malv., Triticum aestivum L. and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. as the receiver plants and provide the evidence for further study of active compounds. 【METHOD】 Method of grinded plant tissue powder mixed with agar (PPA) was employed. 【RESULTS】The growths of different receiver plants seedlings were inhibited by different organs of P. persica cv001. ‘Ju Hua’ on different degree and the inhibitory effects on radicals (or seminal root) were higher than that on hypocotyls (coleoptile) at 10 g/L concentration. Among all the organs of P. persica cv001. ‘Ju Hua’, the roots, shoots and flowers showed the very high herbicidal activities, but the activities of the leaves were relatively lower. The seedlings of A. retroflexus and E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. showed the highest and lowest sensibilities to all active organs among 6 receiver plants, respectively. 【CONCLUSION】The results suggested that the roots, shoots and flowers of P. persica cv001. ‘Ju Hua’ may contain the high herbicidal compounds and have certain selectivity to receiver plants.

  Idenfication of Endophytic Fungi Antagonistic to Blumeria graminis and study on Biocontrol Efficacy 2010, 26 (14):  273-276.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 1308864KB )   ( 1057 ) Endophytic fungi strains were isolated from stem and leaf of wheat. According to the ability to inhibit asexual spore germination on bearing glass, 4 isolates with antagonism were singled out and their control efficiency achieve to 86.08%, 83.12%, 91.14% and 96.23%, respectively. Fermentation filtrate of 4 strains were used to curb the disease development on detached wheat leaves. State of illness was identified according to the six standard and the Ind (%) were calculated. The results showed that BF11 and BF19 had better preventing efficacy for Blumeria graminis. The state of illness about wheat powdery mildew alleviated and biocontrol efficacy of BF11 and BF19 were 82.14% and 88.49%. The characteristics of morphology suggested that the strain of BF11 was identified as Fusarium and BF19 was identified as Aspergillus.

  Effect on desert-steppe vegetation and soil characteristics of Different grazing methods on the Sino-Mongolian 2010, 26 (14):  277-281.  Abstract + ( 961 )   PDF ( 509793KB )   ( 955 ) In this paper, vegetation community structure and surface soil physical and chemical characteristics of desert-steppe under different grazing systems was studied. The results show that the height, cover, importance value of constructive species and perennial weed-type vegetation communities under different grazing systems were nomadic grazing > settled grazing. The Height, Cover of annual weed plants were settled grazing > nomadic grazing; Sand content in topsoil and pH under nomadic grazing was significantly lower than the ones under settled grazing(P<0.05),but that was opposite in the loam content（P<0.05）; Soil total N and available K under nomadic grazing was significantly higher and the total N about 3 times than the ones under settled grazing(P<0.01) . Surface soil total K was settled grazing > nomadic grazing.

  Characteristics of cadmium uptake and accumulation among Hebei major Chinese cabbages cultivars and quality safety 2010, 26 (14):  282-287.  Abstract + ( 1080 )   PDF ( 675109KB )   ( 1006 ) The soil culture experiments were performed to study the difference of Cd uptake and accumulation among 20 Hebei major Chinese cabbages cultivars. The obvious difference was observed in Cd uptake and Cd accumulation among all the species. Maximum difference of shoot Cd concentration and Cd uptake among all Chinese cabbages were 3-4 folds under same soil Cd concentration（1.0, 5.0 mg/kg）. According to maximum allowable levels of Cd in national vegetables standards GB15201-94, the Chinese cabbage species Xinbeijing 3hao，Beijing xaioza 60，Taikong 3hao and Fengkang 78 accorded with the vegetable food security when the soil Cd concentration reached 1.0 mg/kg. According to GB2762-2005, under the maximum allowable levels of the leafy vegetables Cd standard, the Chinese cabbage species Xinbeijing 3hao，Beijing xaioza 60 and Fengkang 78 still accorded with the vegetable food security when the soil Cd concentration reached 5.0 mg/kg,. The enrichment factor of the same cabbage varieties is relatively stable. It can be used as screening an important indicator of cabbage varieties on Cd accumulation capacity .

  Research advances in heavy metal toxicity effect to soil animals 2010, 26 (14):  288-293.  Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 533846KB )   ( 1086 ) Abstract Heavy metal pollution resulted in soil biodiversity loss, soil quality degeneration and heavy metal transfer, even threatened human health. How to find and control pollution in time got more and more attention. The information of the main soil animals species was closely related to soil ecosystem in all aspects, which was often used as a significant biological index to evaluate soil quality. This article summarized the influence of heavy metal toxicity to soil animals community structure, activity, food searching, reproduction, physiological toxicity and so on.

  The Water Footprint and Its Temporal Change Characteristics of Rice in Hunan 2010, 26 (14):  294-298.  Abstract + ( 1266 )   PDF ( 1563695KB )   ( 1061 ) The water footprint of rice in Hunan Province was calculated and analyzed the dynamics and composition, to provide a basis and recommendations for the rational use of water resources and adjustment of agricultural structure. The results showed that: the water footprint of rice in Hunan Province was from 22 × 109 m3 in 1960 up to34.4 × 109 m3 in 2008, an increase of 12.4 × 109 m3; green water footprint accounted for the main and declining, the proportion of gray water footprints was from 7% to 24%, indicated the gradual increase in the required amount of water dilution; the water footprint of late rice accounted for 38% - 48% of total rice footprint and was the most portion, followed by early rice and mid-season rice; green water proportion of total water footprint of each early, middle and late rice was increased in turn and blue water was decreased in turn, gray water were more than 21%; the unit yield of water footprint of double cropping rice was less 23.3 m3/t than middle-season rice average. Comprehensive consideration of water resources and yield factors, double cropping rice were more advantages than single cropping rice in the effective use of water resources and food security. So, it is recommended to reduce single cropping rice to increase the double cropping rice cultivation.

  Selection and Preliminary Classification of Rice Varieties with Tolerance Low-Phosphorus stress in Hilongjiang 2010, 26 (14):  299-302.  Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 510113KB )   ( 970 ) The experiment used cultivated rice varieties (lines) as materials, which was suitable for planting in the Third Accumulative Temperature Belt of Heilongjiang Province. The purpose of testing is to study the influence of rice morphological characteristics and yield under the salt stress and low-nutrition, and to screening barren-resistant materials and salinity-resistant materials. This study is significanable to the rice production and sustainable land use of Heilongjiang Province.Composite result of leaf number and panicle length data showed that 6 rice materials had stronger tolerance low-phosphorus stress, such as Longjing 29, 04-582, Longjing 21, 01-687, 05-4076 and 06-2351.

  Effects of disturbance on soil physical characteristics in Bipengou ecotourism area 2010, 26 (14):  303-307.  Abstract + ( 1132 )   PDF ( 517669KB )   ( 981 ) Soil physical characteristics were investigated in three sampled sites with different disturbance (tourism road, highroad and burning) in Bipengou ecotorism area, Sichuan. All of the three disturbances decreased soil water content, although soil water content was higher in soil surface layer compared with the deeper layers. Soil surface layer was looser and less hardening than the deeper soil layers. Trample could reduce soil porosity, and induce soil harden in surface layer. Soil porosity was also higher in soil surface layer than that in deeper layers, but soil gravel content was higher in the deeper soil layers.

  Relationship Between Cultivated Land Change and Food Security In Baoji city 2010, 26 (14):  308-313.  Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 646326KB )   ( 933 ) Abstract:Based on the correlation data of grain production in Baoji County from 1995 to 2007, the statistical ananysis is made to analyze grain production with the variation characteristics of the cultivated land, population, and other influencing factors. The results indicates that the cultivated land area of Baoji city and the cultivated land area per capita showed the downtrend, the program for the conversion from cropland to forest and grassland is the main reason for the cultivated land decrease; The total and per capital grain outputs have on the fluctuant rise; The annual change rate of overall grain output is highly consistent with the grain planting ares, however, there was no complete synchronization in the trend of inter-annual change ratio between cultivated land area and food production, Improvement of unit yield grain production could not only counteract the food reduction, which was caused by the reduction in cultivated land aea, but also improve the food total production greatly. However, the amount of cultivated land was still an important actor of grain total production stabilization.

  Turbulence Fluxes Over The Wheat Field In Huaihe River Basin 2010, 26 (14):  319-323.  Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 708359KB )   ( 959 ) Based on the data of the flux observation system of the Shouxian National Climate Observatory from November 2007 to May 2008, an analysis is made of the turbulent characteristics in the wheat field ecosystem over the Huaihe River basin. Diurnal variation of the net radiation is the greatest at the maturing stage. When the temperature reached the highest at noon, heat flux reaches maximum, and heat flux shows negative at night. The peak time of latent heat flux delays about one hour than the peak time of net radiation. From jointing stage, the average diurnal variation of latent heat flux is all higher than 50.0 . the average diurnal variation of soil heat flux is all positive except 3-leaf and tillering stage. H/Rn and LE/Rn have characteristics of significant seasonal variations, and their change direction is opposite.

  Establishing Tibetan Part of the wild vegetable germplasm database system 2010, 26 (14):  324-327.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 426882KB )   ( 1039 ) The principle and way on creating Tibetan wild vegetable germplasm database system with Visual Basic 6.0 as the main designing language, Using Updated Access2003 software by Microsoft Company in USA were reported. The database contains the basic situation such as the wild vegetables of families, genera, species, and morphological characteristics, food culture and edible parts.It has the management data and querying.

  Study on the Characteristics of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Broussonetia papyrifera in an Antimony Mine 2010, 26 (14):  328-331.  Abstract + ( 1317 )   PDF ( 471194KB )   ( 999 ) In order to investigate the phenomenon of bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Broussonetia papyrifera, we selected plants which grew in the forests with or without serious heavy metal (Sb, As, Cd, and Hg) contamination. Our findings showed no difference in the biomass and structures of various organs between the Broussonetia papyrifera plants in the heavy-metal contaminated locations in the antimony mine area and uncontaminated. The accumulation amounts of Sb, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cu, and Zn in the roots, branches, stems, and leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera plants showed very significant difference between the contaminated and uncontaminated locations. Broussonetia papyrifera is a woody plant that has a strong capacity for accumulating various heavy metals such as Sb, Zn, Pb, and As. The sequence in which the heavy metals such as Sb, As, and Pb accumulate in the roots, branches, stems, and leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera in the contaminated locations was leaves > branches > stems > roots, and the sequence of Zn-accumulation was leaves > branches > roots > stems. The amounts of Sb, Zn, Pb, and As accumulated by whole plants of Broussonetia papyrifera in the contaminated locations were 155.85 mg kg-1, 150.12 mg kg-1, 37.56 mg kg-1, and 18.9033 mg kg-1, respectively. Of these amounts, 85% of heavy metals were accumulated in the aerial parts of Broussonetia papyrifera, and more than 60% were accumulated in the leaves. These findings showed that Sb, Zn, Pb, and As accumulate mainly in the leaves and branches of Broussonetia papyrifera. Broussonetia papyrifera could be the ideal candidate for ecological and vegetation restorations in the locations contaminated by heavy metals in antimony mines.

  The Research on Intensive Utilization Appraise of Rural Construction Land —A Case Study of Chongqing 2010, 26 (14):  332-335.  Abstract + ( 1191 )   PDF ( 533224KB )   ( 1045 ) Abstract: Staging with the actual situation of rural construction land in Chongqing, this paper constructs the indictors system of intensive utilization in order to confirm the indictors’ importance by using AHP method. Then analyzes the level of intensive utilization and changing rule of Chongqing’s rural construction land in 1999-2007.And the same of every country’s rural construction land in Chongqing in 2007 with the GIS technology. The result shows that: The level of intensive utilization of Chongqing’s rural construction land descends first and then increases, and in the state of a low degree overall. In the spatial, the level of intensive utilization of the areas close to the one-hour economic circle is higher than the Northeast and Southeast of Chongqing. At last, this paper proposes measures and suggestions on the promotion of intensive utilization of rural construction land based the result.

  Study on the Substrate of Wetland on the Purifying Agricultural Runoff 2010, 26 (14):  336-338.  Abstract + ( 1108 )   PDF ( 435031KB )   ( 844 ) In order to study the role of wetland substrate on the purifying agricultural runoff, Substrate of constructed wetland for treatment agricultural runoff was studied. Results show that the substrate in the constructed wetland systems can absorb a lot of pollutants, and there were many microorganisms on the mature substrate surface. Experiment showed that the substrate had a strong ability of biodegradation, and played an important role in the process of pollutants removal.the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand(CODcr),total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus (TP )andammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N) in the constructed wetland substrate were 41%, 50%, 49% and 52%, respectively. After the disposal of the wetland substrate, Effluent COD, TN, TPand NH4+-N were GradeⅡ, Grade Ⅴ, GradeⅤand Grade Ⅲ, respectively.

  The community structure of arthropod in longan field 2010, 26 (14):  345-349.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 552958KB )   ( 841 ) Abstract: This paper reported arthropods community structure of longan field. In analyzing the data, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Brillouin index, species evenness and richness indices were used to study the distributional trends of community structure, dominant species and abundance of longan field. The spatial distribution pattern of 2 pests of longan were analyzed with Taylor’s power law, Iwao’s distribution function, and 5 aggregation indexes. A total of 13 species arthropod animals were obtained from longan field, of which belonged to 7 orders and 12 families. In a word, the diversity indexes of community structure were in similar level. Horizontal community comparability index was in significant difference level, Vertical comparability index were in level of middling comparability between upside and middle part, middle part and down-part. And it was in level of great incomparability between upside and down-part. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of two pests were of aggregated.

  The Color Characteristics of Digital Image of Winter Wheat under different Irrigation and N Fertilization 2010, 26 (14):  350-355.  Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 896489KB )   ( 980 ) The color characteristics of digital image of winter wheat in field under different irrigation and N fertilization were studied. The results show that the hue differences between different N Fertilization under optimized irrigation nearly continue to the mature stage while the hue differences between different irrigation under optimized N fertilization mainly occurs from grain filling to maturity. And the colour change of digital image can reflects the growing stage of winter wheat.

  Research on Knowledge Management of Agricultural Scientific Research Institution 2010, 26 (14):  356-360.  Abstract + ( 983 )   PDF ( 495559KB )   ( 837 ) Scientific & research institute works for knowledge innovation, which is an knowledge concentrated organization. Due to the variety of understandings, people define the knowledge management differently. this thesis analyzes the research background，necessity, contents and range of knowledge management in agricultural scientific research institution. On this basis, the author put forward the point that the core values of knowledge management is tacit knowledge transfer into explicit knowledge, which is assumed to throw light on knowledge management in practicing and set up the theoretical system of knowledge management.

  Application progress of GIS for Agro-climatic division in China 2010, 26 (14):  364-364.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 488009KB )   ( 1176 ) The spatial analysis functions of Geographic Information System (GIS) combined with the traditional zoning methods could get more precise results of agro-climatic division. GIS as a kind of technological means has been widely used in agro-climatic division, which provide a reliable basis for making a decision of agricultural production. Summing up the application progress on agro-climatic division based on GIS in China is discovered from four points such as climate factors fine-gridding, map digitizing, information services and “3S” technologies combination. Furthermore, some problems in the application are discussed and potential research directions are pointed out in order to provide some reference for researchers in the field. Some suggestions are as follows: (1) Many kinds of natural factors and social factors should be taken into account compositely when doing agro-climatic division; (2) The “bottom-up” of the region merging process by GIS needs to combine with the auto-merge and manual-merge more better; (3) Zoning indexes should be considered using the logical intersection operation; (4) Setting up the Web-based open platform for sharing the agro-climatic division of GIS; (5) GIS combine with GPS, satellite remote sensing data could comprehensive monitor the whole process of crop growth from a macro point of view, and have an important application value for directing agricultural production.

  Studies on Isolation of Bacteria from Intestine in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and Their Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics 2010, 26 (14):  365-367.  Abstract + ( 1178 )   PDF ( 753120KB )   ( 1203 ) The bacteriawere isolated from Carp,the physiobiochemical characteristics and the antimicrobial susceptibility assay were carried out. CC-1 and CC-2 strains can produce phenylalanine dehydrogenate in the biological and chemical identification of bacteria and can produce gas production of glucose. CC-1 strain can produce the lysine decarboxylase and the ornithine amino acid decarboxylase, but CC-2 strain cannot. CC-1 and CC-2 strains were highly sensitive to cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, macrolide and sulfonamide antibiotic, but its had different levels of drug resistance to ampicillin,rifampicin,naphthaleneacetic acid,cephalothin and cephalosporin. This study may be provide a scientific reference in the treatment of fishes of disease and for reasonable development and utilization of Bacteria in Carp intestinal resources.

  Book of History and the Chinese Traditional Agricultural Geography 2010, 26 (14):  368-371.  Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 526929KB )   ( 678 ) Abstract: Book of History is closely related to the Chinese traditional agricultural geography. The article discusses three parts of them——choosing the most suitable crops and improving the productivity of the land , engageing in agricultural activities and land reclamation , as well as the development of Agricultural economy and the progress of socio-political civilization . This Proves the importance of Book of History.

  Brief Statistical Analysis of Authors of Natural Science Papers in China_2008 2010, 26 (14):  372-380.  Abstract + ( 1101 )   PDF ( 519924KB )   ( 837 ) Abstract: According to general practice in international literature metrology research, a paper is classified based on region and work unit of the first author. Through the statistic analysis of the authors of the natural science papers in China in 2008,people can know the status quo and equipment condition of scientific research group in China. The contents of study included their subject distribution, organization distribution, region distribution, and authors distribution of high yield and deep influence, The results showed that the author’s subject distribution isn’t well-proportioned, and the high yield authors, the authors of international papers especially, went into studying chiefly on chemistry, physics and technology that the region distribution is asymmetric, and 4/5 of the high yield authors were in colleges or universities, and even the proportion of authors in northwest area which concluded 13 provinces of SCI(Science Citation Index) papers number was only 15.1% and national papers was only 19.2%.

  The Potential of Miscanthus spp. and Triarrhena spp. as Herbaceous Energy Plants 2010, 26 (14):  381-387.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 623159KB )   ( 1619 ) Using perennial grasses as feedstock for bioenergy industry is a new development direction of renewable energy. Awngrass (Miscanthus spp.) and silverreed (Triarrhena spp.) are C4 perennial tall grasses and native to China. Being a potential resource of bioenergy plants, they have received considerable attention in Europe but mainly been used for soil and water conservation, paper manufacture, feedstuff and so on in China. This paper reviews the biological characteristics, biomass quality, ecological efficiency, and current research situation at home and abroad, etc. and the results show that awngrass and silverreed possess many beneficial attributes being as energy plants because of their diverse ecological types, abundant wild resources, wide adaptability, strong resistance, high net energy output, excellent biomass quality, multiple utilization, good ecological value, and the suitability for marginal lands. Further study should focus on the germplasm collection, evaluation, and selection as well as planting and management techniques for their plantation on marginal lands.

  Economic Benefits Evaluation of Large-scale Pig Farm Biogas Project Based on Sensitivity Analysis 2010, 26 (14):  388-391.  Abstract + ( 1341 )   PDF ( 488059KB )   ( 1204 ) Based on sensitivity analysis methods, the paper makes economic benefits evaluation to large-scale pig farm biogas project, take Jian ou Jian Hua Co., Ltd. Qingzhou pig farm as an example .The results showed that: the economic benefits of large-scale pig farm biogas projects is sensitive to government subsidies, as well as the the utilization of biogas, biogas slurry and residue, which should be adopted to improve the utilization of by-product of biogas projects, as well as increasing the intensity by means of fiscal policy to support large-scale pig farm biogas projects to promote the sustained and healthy development.

  Gasification of biomass heating in the tobacco curing application 2010, 26 (14):  392-395.  Abstract + ( 1113 )   PDF ( 551267KB )   ( 1040 ) Abstract: In order to achieve the environmental protection energy-saving baking tobacco, Conducted a biomass gasification equipment development and testing, The results show that: Development of biomass gasification to ensure the heat demand for tobacco curing and can continuous heating; Baking quality of tobacco leaf to normal, higher thermal efficiency, lower energy consumption, cutters amount of fuel consumption for 2.21-3.15Kg, leaf amount of fuel consumption for 1.76-1.93Kg, the coal consumption and commonness barn basically the same. Biomass gasification equipment to resolve a large number of straw gasifier continuous supply, Feeding does not turn off the engine，Electric size of ash and fire control problems, But there are raw materials do not automatically fall, Tar processing need to address the question asked.

  Advantage conditions and developing Strategy for planting energy crop cassava in Jiangxi Province 2010, 26 (14):  396-399.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 506371KB )   ( 1343 ) Abstract:Cassava, as a non-food energy crop, is one of the best choices for producing ethanol, a kind of clean bio-energy. Through analyzing, the authors of this paper thought that, there are many advantage conditions, such as good climatic conditions, rich marginal land resources, high planting efficiency and a huge of space for development for Jiangxi province to cultivate cassava. Meanwhile, combining with practice, the authors put forward the developing strategy for planting energy crop cassava in Jiangxi.

  Marketing Development of Moutain Ecotourism in Beijing Valley Economy 2010, 26 (14):  400-404.  Abstract + ( 1124 )   PDF ( 530642KB )   ( 1108 ) In recent years, Moutain valley economy is becoming the new mode of beijing rural economy development, which results in economy development and enviroment protection. The Moutain Regions takes ecotourism as the leading industy, depending on the resource of natural sights, human relics, folk culture and ecological agriculture. As a new form of urban agriculture, Moutain valley economy has a wide future prospect. Analyzed on the definition and current situation of Beijing valley economy, the paper discusses the market demand, including demand types, demand motivation and market potential. Finally, some proposals are suggested to develop mountain ecotourism in Beijing moutain aeras.

  Discuss the development of rural tourism in Guizhou based on the stakeholderthory 2010, 26 (14):  405-408.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 449186KB )   ( 1042 ) This thesis aims to discuss how to develop related beneficiaries of rural tourism in Guizhou province based on plenty of ethnic villages as its core resources,then achieve the orderly development of rural tourism in Guizhou.

  The Concept of Creative Agriculture and the Analysis of the Creative Ways 2010, 26 (14):  409-412.  Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 433701KB )   ( 1199 ) The cultural creative industries is a newly industries in the global, which is becoming a new growth point of the world economy gradually. The combination of the modern agriculture and the cultural creative industries creates the creative agriculture. In this paper, we introduce the conception of the creative agriculture, the attributes and characteristics of creative agriculture. Furthermore, four kinds of creative ways are proposed, namely, scientific and technological creation, cultural creation, service creation and the ecological creation.

  The Establishment of Standard System Analysis of Beijing Urban Agriculture 2010, 26 (14):  413-418.  Abstract + ( 1012 )   PDF ( 527593KB )   ( 1102 ) Agriculture standardization is the important content and one of the obvious logos of modern agriculture. The development of capital agriculture now is in the stage of urban agriculture, and it is the time to establish the agricultural standard system which can promote rapid development of urban agriculture. The establishment of the characteristic standard system of Beijing urban agriculture should focus on the features, such as industry convergence, particularity, versatility, internationalization, and finally achieve economic, social and ecological benefits to maximize.

  Assessment and classification research of economic development strength among counties (cities, districts) in Fujian Province 2010, 26 (14):  419-424.  Abstract + ( 1170 )   PDF ( 772571KB )   ( 1293 ) In order to study differences in level of economic development and evaluate economic strength of Fujian Province counties (cities, districts), an index system of hierarchy was established, analytical hierarchy process - standardized comprehensive evaluation method and cluster analysis were used to empirically evaluate and classify the economic strength of counties (cities, districts) in Fujian Province. Consequently, the 67 counties (cities, districts) in Fujian Province were divided into four areas: strong strength of economic development, relatively strong, relatively weak and weakest strength of economic development. A number of policies were given to enhance strength of economic development of various types of counties (cities, districts).

  Analysis of the Problem of the farmers’Income Structure and Growth in China's Central Region 2010, 26 (14):  425-428.  Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 531606KB )   ( 1004 ) To increase the farmers’income has always been the focus of the government. Over the last decade, the farmers’income was increasing with deepening of reform and opening up. However, with increasing farmers' income, its structure has undergone great changes. Taking Shanxi as an example in this paper and 1995-2007 data as a sample, the growth of net income for farmers and the changes of composition in 13-year were carefully analyzed. ,The countermeasures and Suggestion were proposed to promote the sustainable growth of farmers' income in China's Central Region.

  Preliminary Study on Safety Agriculture ----Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs Perspective 2010, 26 (14):  429-432.  Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 494589KB )   ( 953 ) Abstract: Based on the Maslow's hierarchy of needs, this paper discusses the concept, type and characteristic of safety-agriculture and also analyzes the transformation course from quantity-oriented agriculture to quality-oriented agriculture and safety-agriculture. Then it concludes that safety-agriculture not only requires agricultural quality, agricultural product commodity rate, market share, but also strengthens food safety and improved agriculture eco-environment. Thus, the development of safety-agriculture has significance of enhancing agricultural product competition, improving agriculture eco-environment, promoting social welfare and adjustment of agriculture structure.

  An Overview on the Studies of the Rural Residential Lands in China 2010, 26 (14):  433-437.  Abstract + ( 1022 )   PDF ( 490689KB )   ( 1955 )

  On the attributes of peasants’ subject and their dynamic properties 2010, 26 (14):  438-442.  Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 501244KB )   ( 781 ) At present, the peasants’ subject has natures of unbalance ,duality and reverse, go-ahead, instability because of peasants’ subjectivity stratification, geographic distribution, coexistence caused by Fierce struggle between tradition and modernity, the ambiguity and uncertainty caused by repeated characterization, the bias at the macro trends and so on have some dynamic characteristics because of dramatic changes, complexity, and transitional of their background.

  Game Analysis of Agricultural Social Service Supply 2010, 26 (14):  443-448.  Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 446525KB )   ( 848 ) Service principal plays an important role in agricultural social service system. The key issue of sustainable development of agricultural social service is whether service provided by service principal can be accepted continually by farmers. On the base of game theory, the article analyzes the process of game between service principal and farmers and finds that service quality and cost-benefit of service principal are important factors that impacting on service sustainable development. Sustainable and stable development of agricultural social service can’t be achieved without excellent service and participation of farmers. Only service that adapt to market demand and bring benefit to farmers can be accepted.

  Legal Straits and Countermeasures of “VIC” Reconstruction ----Empirical study on the “VIC” Reconstruction in Qinhuangdao 2010, 26 (14):  449-452.  Abstract + ( 1320 )   PDF ( 450959KB )   ( 1010 ) Legal Straits and Countermeasures of “VIC” Reconstruction ----Empirical study on the “VIC” Reconstruction in Qinhuangdao Abstract: “VIC” reconstruction is the only way of urban development, owing to the lack of systematic legal support, there are many problems existing in reconstructing process, such as legally groundless in the transformation of land property right, incapable of being defined in compensation standard, no participation right for villagers, restrained in the avenues of relief, selection of formation after transferring of collective economy organization. Through defining the established standards of “public interest”, establishing systematic land evaluation system and fixing the lowest compensation standard, protecting the participation right and litigious right for villagers, adopting “Land Trust” and some other ways to get out of the difficult position.

  Investigation of Coordinated Development of Living Environment with Local Landscape and Regional Characteristic in Rural Areas 2010, 26 (14):  453-456.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 468741KB )   ( 957 ) Abstract: In the background of new living environment development in rural areas at this stage, by analyzing the current issues of living environment, we investigated the coordinated development of living environment with local landscape and characteristic in rural areas and propose a feasible scheme.

  The Rural Youth’s Survival Conditions, State of Mind and Solutions to It in Qingdao 2010, 26 (14):  457-460.  Abstract + ( 897 )   PDF ( 491678KB )   ( 977 ) Rural youth’s survival conditions and their state of mind are closely related to the development of China's rural economy and the prospect and destiny of our entire nation. Only if we develop the rural economy well, build the homeland for the farmers well and help the farmers live in abundance, can we guarantee that all people share the fruits of economic and social development, expand the domestic demand and promote the sustainable development of national economy. With the help of questionnaires and on-the-spot investigation, this paper reflects currently the rural youth’s survival conditions and their state of mind all around and put forward thoughts and solutions.

  The Constraints and Path Selection of County Low-carbon Economic Development 2010, 26 (14):  461-464.  Abstract + ( 1047 )   PDF ( 451694KB )   ( 1170 ) The low-carbon economy has become a global trend .it will lead to the profound changes of the global production patterns, lifestyles, values and national interests. Great efforts to develop low-carbon economy is an inevitable choice for China's future development. Based on the analysis of China's county-level constraints to the development of low-carbon economy,in this thesis some general ideas and policy recommendations.are put forward.