Current issue

• 2010 Vol.26 No.15 Published:05 August 2010

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  Determination of residues of the diclazuril in chicken liver and muscle by high performance liquid chromatograpy tandem mass spectrometry Zhang Tao , Zhang Lifang , Xue Feiqun 2010, 26 (15):  1-6.  Abstract + ( 1757 )   PDF ( 1180708KB )   ( 1023 ) Objective: we present a method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for determining residues of diclazuril in chicken tissues and investigate the depletion of diclazuril in chicken tissues. Method: The analyte was extracted by mixed solution of acetonitrile and ethyl-acetate, The extracts were dried by nitrogen gas, redissolved in acetonitrile, filtered through 0.22μm micropore film and directly injected into the LC–MS/MS system. Result: The calibration curves were linear (r2>0.99) in the range of 8~4000μg/kg in chicken liver and 8~1200μg/kg in chicken muscle. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.5μg/kg and 0.8μg/kg. Conclusion: The method was simple and accurate enough to determine residues of diclazuril in chicken tissues.

  The Immunity effect of “huangbaiyin” on ND in chicklings 2010, 26 (15):  7-10.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   PDF ( 609931KB )   ( 1011 ) The level of resistance and productivity were determined by animal’s immunity. Chinese herbal medicine show unique advantages on the aspect of immunological enhancement, and they can enhance the level of specific or non-specific immunity in animals. In this experiment the antibody titers and the exponent of immune organ were monitored by feeding different doses of “Yupingfeng”(1ml/L,2ml/L,4ml/L) on ND vaccine immunnized chicklings in each group consecutively. The result indicated that the level of ND antibody and the exponent of immune organ were enhanced. The effect in the middle group(2ml/L) was better than the others. The results showed that “Yupingfeng”could enhance humoral immunity and cellular immune function of chicklings.

  Swine influenza and Advances in Biological Characteristics of SI Yao-zhong Ding 2010, 26 (15):  11-14.  Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 528061KB )   ( 1025 ) Swine Influenza (sI) is the Zoonosis which causeed by the Influenza A virus, resently, has listed one of the most important infectious disease by OIE and Every Government. It breaks out in Mexico at March,and seriously threat Animal Production and human -self security, meanwhile ,which has many subtype, strong antigenic variation microorganism and wide host range. SIV's ecological and common heathy meaning already acquired mankind's highly concern., The Paper has summarized the biological characteristics and explored possible pathogenesis of SIV.

  Detoxification and screening of fermentation medium to produce of protein-feed from Oil-tea camellia defatted cake 2010, 26 (15):  15-18.  Abstract + ( 1575 )   PDF ( 561669KB )   ( 975 ) Abstract:The detoxification on oil-tea camellia defatted cake is carried out.The results show: oil-tea camellia defatted cake which contain crude protein 10% and soluble carbohydrate 11% is a good feed ingredients;Oil-tea camellia defatted cake of using ethanol extraction on keep more nutrition than using water extraction's.the optimum fermentation medium to produce of protein-feed from Oil-tea camellia defatted cake through observaing the growth of bacteria and determinating of protein on fermentation medium which is oil-tea camellia defatted cake in different detoxification treatment:oil-tea camellia defatted cake of water extracted 16g,wheat bran 1g,glucose 2g,(NH4) 2SO41g,water 19mL.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Na+/ H+ Antiporter Gene(nhaA) from Pseudomonas Stutzeril 2010, 26 (15):  19-24.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 1094610KB )   ( 1060 ) Na+/H+ antiporter is the key factor in the salt-stress tolerance in organism. It can maintain normal growth and metabolism of organism under high salt stress. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to clone a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter genenhaA fromPseudomonas stutzeri. Sequence analysis showed that the full length of the gene is 1167 bp, and it encodes a putative 388 amino acids polypeptide which contained twelve putative transmembrane domains and conservative functional amino acids residues, such as Asp-133, Asp-163, Asp-164, His-225, Gly-338. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology withnhaA ofE. coli were 99% and 99.2%, respectively. The expression vector was constructed and thenhaA protein with the molecular weight about 41 kD could also be detected inE.coli BL21 protein expression system. Plate method and the growth curve analysis showed that the recombinant strains can survive under the salt stress of 800 mmol/L NaCl with increased salt tolerance. Results indicated that the cloned gene was a member ofnhaA family, which they can antiport Na+, and further study in the salt-stress tolerance improvement ofnhaA could base on these results. The gene has been accepted in GenBank by the accession number EU545468.

  Cloning, Expression of Myrosinase Gene TGG5 in Arabidopsis thaliana and Research of Myrosinase Activity 2010, 26 (15):  25-31.  Abstract + ( 1349 )   PDF ( 1326810KB )   ( 1221 ) Myrosinase widely exists in the Cruciferae plant, which can catalyse the hydrolysis of thioglucosides. Myrosinase and glucosinolate are mixed upon infestation by pests, and thioglucosides are hydrolyzed into toxic compounds to serve as defense weapons. A new myrosinase gene was found, denoted as TGG5 . The research of myrosinase geneTGG5 could explore the function of myrosinase defense system. In this research, the cDNA sequence of TGG5 was cloned, and the pichia expression vector pPIC3.5K was constructed, then transformation of pichia GS115 was made. The expression of recombinantTGG5 protein was induced by Methanol, and purified by Ni-chelating colum. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the recombinant protein concentrated in the 58 kD molecular weight around and showed typical features of protein glycosylation with a more visible tail. The myrosinase activity of recombinantTGG5 protein was future researched after separation and purification. The results indicated that theK m andV max of the enzyme were 1.96 mmol/L and 0.084 mmol/(min·mg)respectively. The optimal pH of tested myrosinase was 5.5. The myrosinase showed the wider adaptability in the temperature range of 37~80℃, and took on better stability on 80℃ high temperature. NaCl had an obvious inhibitory effect on activity of tested myrosinase, but low concentration of ascorbic acidcould activate the myrosinase, which reached to a climax with an ascorbic acid final concentration of 1.5 mmol/L. RT-RCR detection confirmed the TGG5 gene only specificlly expressed in roots, which showed that TGG5 represent a novel myrosinase gene subfamily.

  Analysis on HMW-GS genes in Dasypyum villosum by SDS-PAGE and Allelic Specific (AS) -PCR Markers 2010, 26 (15):  38-43.  Abstract + ( 1142 )   PDF ( 3435235KB )   ( 1029 ) Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate -PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and three Allelic Specific PCR (AS-PCR) markers were used in this paper to screen and confirm the High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) of D. villosum. The results of analysis on HMW-GS of CS, Cheyenny, D. villosum, six addition lines of D. villosum chromosome in CS and substitution line 3V of D. villosum chromosome in T. aestivum by SDS-PAGE indicated that genes encoding for HMW-GS were located in D. villosum chromosome 1V. Three AS-PCR markers, which could amplify x-type HMW glutenin genes, y-type HMW glutenin genes and all HMW glutenin genes of T. aestivum respectively, were synthesized on the basis of all published sequences of HMW-GS genes from T. aestivum. The results of amplification in D. villosum and other materials above showed that all of three markers could be used for characterization of HMW glutenin genes in D. villosum. Therefore, the gene encoding for HMW-GS of D. villosum was located in chromosome 1V in molecular level.

  Improving Tobacco Oxidative Stress by Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Choline Monooxygenase Gene from Suaeda liaotungensis 2010, 26 (15):  44-47.  Abstract + ( 1127 )   PDF ( 1277229KB )   ( 954 ) Suaeda liaotungensis choline monooxygenase CMO, a key gene in betaine biosynthesis, was introduced into tobacco genome byAgrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. Molecular test showed thatCMO had been integrated into tobacco genome and expressed properly. However, different transgenic lines showed differentCMO copies, with lines of T1、T2、T6 being 1 copy, lines of T4、T5 being 2 copies and line T3 being 3 copies. And this might be a result of various insert sites ofCMO in the tobacco genome. All the transgenic lines acquired enhanced oxidative stress induced by paraquat. When stressed with 10 μM and 20 μ M paraquat for 24 h, the transgenic lines had significant lower malondialdehyde content and higher superoxide dismutase activity compared with wild type plants. In contrast, no significant difference of malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity was found between the transgenic lines and wild type plants under normal conditions. The accumulation of betaine in the transgenic lines might induced or protected the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, which makes the transgenic plants suffered less from oxidative stress as evidenced by lower electric conductivity. In conclusion, the overexpression of choline monooxygenase geneCMO in tobacco plants enhanced its oxidative stress tolerance ability, and geneCMO can be further used in some important crop plants such as corn and rice to improve their abiotic stress.

  An Improved Method for RNA Isolation from Seeds of Ginkgo biloba L 2010, 26 (15):  48-52.  Abstract + ( 1501 )   PDF ( 930676KB )   ( 1255 ) Isolation of high-quality RNA from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) kernels is a prerequisite to acquire the pharmaceutical protein genes and study the development and maturation of ginkgo seeds at the gene expression level. Ginkgo seeds are rich in protein , polysaccharide and phenolic compounds , which increases the difficulties in isolating RNA from them. In this study, modified CTAB method and Trizol single-step method were combined and the extraction conditions were optimized for RNA extraction. The quality of total RNA was analyzed with agarose gel electrophoresis and UV spectrophotometer. The bright and clear strip of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA were shown in the RNA electrophoresis, and the luminance signal ratio was approximate 2：1. The value of OD260/OD280 was 1.85 to 2.00. It is indicated that the method could isolate high quality and high integrity total RNA. When the acquired total RNA was used in the molecular biology experiment, sharp target hybridization signals were obtained from Northern blotting, and the target gene fragments were also successfully amplified by RT-PCR and 5'-RACE. These results also demonstrated that the total RNA isolated by this method was of sufficient quality for subsequent molecular applications.

  Optimization of Fermentation Conditons for Polymyxin B Production by Response Surface Method 2010, 26 (15):  53-57.  Abstract + ( 1642 )   PDF ( 1263983KB )   ( 1435 ) The fermentation conditions of polymyxin B production by Paenibacillus polymyxa was optimized using response surface method.Through the single factor experiment, three factors were confirmed to have significant effect on polymyxin B production, that is, the initial pH, fermentation temperature and fermentation time. Using Box-Behnken experimental design for response surface optimization, the optimum fermentation conditions were: initial pH value of 6.72, temperature 30.64 ℃, fermentation time 37.72h. Under these conditions, the fermentation validation showed that the experimental value was comparable to model prediction, having high inosculating degree and the error is relatively small. The yield of Polymyxin B could reach 915.77mg / L, which is 33.7% higher than before optimization.

  Comparative Study on the Biological Characteristics of Protoplast Fusion Strains and Parent of Phellinus baum ii 2010, 26 (15):  58-61.  Abstract + ( 1624 )   PDF ( 693867KB )   ( 973 ) Abstract: OBJECTIVE To select high biomass , extrapolysaccharide and total flavones-yielding protoplast fusion strains of phellinus baumii. METHODS The esterase isozyme of five strains were examined by polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.And the selected metabolic parameters in submerged cultures of five strains were determined.RESULTS The results shown that there were two steady identical basic isozyme bands among strains, and the three selected protoplast fusion strains had there peculiar pattern bands. The biomass of strainSR002 and SR003 was three times as strainSA04,and strainSR002’s extrapolysaccharide content had increased 1.8 fold compared with strainSA02. StrainSR005 had the highest phytoesterase activity. strainSR002 and SR003’s relations were very near.CONCLUSION The three selected protoplast fusion strains have a high potential for producing extrapolysaccharide and mycelium in submerged culture after further testing of genetic stability.

  Resistant and sensitive of eucaryota to ribosome-inactivating proteins 2010, 26 (15):  62-65.  Abstract + ( 1462 )   PDF ( 528084KB )   ( 1084 ) Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxins that can inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by damaging the ribosome. They possessed various biological activities, such as anti tumor, antivirus and so on. Therefore, wide concern was aroused in recent years. This paper summarized the type, biological activities and the mechanism of eukaryote resistant and sensitive to ribosome-inactivating proteins.

  A Molecular Marker Linked to Downy Mildew Resistant Gene in Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L.ssp .pekinensis (Lour) Olsson) 2010, 26 (15):  66-70.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   PDF ( 782225KB )   ( 1076 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers for downy mildew resistance in heading Chinese cabbage. 【METHOD】SSR-PCR and the PCR using specific primers from downy mildew resistance genes in Arabidopsis were conducted using BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) of a segregating F2 population which has 162 individuals from a cross between 660 (resistant) and 654B (susceptible). After performing PCR analysis with 87 pairs of SSR primers and 35 pairs of specific primers from downy mildew resistance genes in Arabidopsis and agarose-gel electrophoresis, only one molecular marker RPP13MK which is PCR product using primers RPP13P2 and RPP131-2R was obtained. Then linkage was analyzed between the marker and the downy mildew resistance gene in Brassica rapa L.ssp .pekinensis (Lour) Olsson. 【RESULTS】A marker RPP13MK was linked to the resistant gene and was determined to be 5.6 cM from the resistant gene. 【CONCLUSION】A molecular marker linked to downy mildew resistant gene in heading Chinese cabbage was obtained successfully.

  Application in Tissue Culture of the Colored Common Calla of Orthogonal Design 2010, 26 (15):  71-74.  Abstract + ( 1208 )   This trial is by way of the orthogonal design method, and stresses to study colored horse's hoof lotus organizations to cultivate basic culture medium and plant growth regulator 6-BA in the course and KT, IAA and NAA, guide to the adventitious bud and continues generation cultivating and guides the influence taking root. The result shows: it is the best just generation to cultivate BA2.0mg/L and B5's culture medium collocation effect, and continues era cultivating the most excellent combination B5+BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.1, and 1/2MS +NAA0.1mg/L IBA0.3mg/L induction result to the taking root rate is best to induce and take root.

  Methods for Efficient Extraction of Sesame Genomic DNA and Rapid Sliver Staining of PAGE 2010, 26 (15):  75-77.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   PDF ( 1268934KB )   ( 1593 ) In order to rapidly and economically obtain high-quality sesame genomic DNA for molecular experiments, an efficient method of DNA extraction suitable for sesame was explored, referred methods in other crops, the procedure was simplified and the cost was reduced, DNA were detected by agarose electrophoresis and no trailing phenomenon was found, their OD260/OD280 values were all between 1.8-2.0, indicating that qualities of DNA were good and high purity. Afterwards, in order to further improve the efficiency of molecular marker experiments, we established a rapid and effective silver staining procedure for polyacrylamide gels, by improving the traditional silver staining methods and controlling the staining and imaging time.

  Karyotype Analysis on Primary Cultivars of Highland Barley in Qinghai Province 2010, 26 (15):  78-82.  Abstract + ( 1385 )   PDF ( 807202KB )   ( 966 ) Highland Barley(Hordeum Vulgare L.var.nudum Hook.f ) is an important grain crops in Qinghai Province. The karyotypes of four primary Highland Barley cultivars in Qinghai Province were studied by applying pressing method. The results indicated that: the karyotype formula of beiqing3 was 2n=2x=14=12m+2msat. the karyotype formula of beiqing6 was 2n=2x=14=10m+4smsat. the karyotype formula of dulihuang was 2n=2x=14=12m+2msat. the karyotype formula of kun12 was 2n=2x=14=10m+4msat. The karyotype of four cultivars were Stebbins-1. The result of the phylogenetic analysis of four cultivars shows that the karyotypes of 4 cultivars differentiate in some degree, which may be caused by different genetic backgrounds.

  Cytological Characteristics of Hybrids between Wheat- Thinopyrum elongatum 3E Addition Line and Wheat-Gametocidal Chromosome Addition Line 2C 2010, 26 (15):  83-85.  Abstract + ( 1215 )   PDF ( 636307KB )   ( 940 ) In order to inducing wheat-Th.elongatum 3E chromosome translocations, hybrid, backcross and selfcross were done between Chinese spring-Th.Elongatum 3E disomic addition line and Chinese spring-Ae.cylindrica gametocidal chromosome 2C disomic addition line. The seedset rate of hybrid was 28.19% when using Chinese spring- 2C disomic addition line as female parent, which was lower than 37.3% in hybrid of CS-3E disomic addition line × CS-2C disomic addition line (p<0.05). The seedset rate of BC1 was 38.82%, which was significant difference compared with 31.45% of F2 selfcrossed (p<0.05), indicated that the gametocidal chromosome 2C has effect on wheat-Th.elongatum 3E chromosome addition lines. The aberrations of chromosome behaviors on mitosis and meiosis were observed in F2 and BC1 plants, indicated that the gametocidal chromosome 2C was effective during the formation of gametes. These results provided a good basis for further developing wheat- Th.elongatum 3E chromosome translocation lines.

  Establishment and Optimization of SRAP-PCR System in Canarium album Reausch 2010, 26 (15):  86-88.  Abstract + ( 1250 )   PDF ( 1298566KB )   ( 924 ) the variety of Canarium album Reausch was used as material, Optimization of SRAP-PCR system was studied with L16（45）orthogonal design of five factors (Taq polymerase, Mg2+, DNA template, dNTPs and primer) and the DNA of 11 varieties were amplified with the optimized SRAP-PCR system. The results showed that in 20μl amplification system contained 1.5U Taq DNA polymerase, 2.5mmol/L Mg2+, 60ng genomic templates DNA, 0.2mol/L dNTPs, and 0.15μmol/L Primer, the result of SRAP-PCR was best for Canarium album Reausch. Seven polymorphic bands were amplified with one primer pair Me5-Em2 through the optimized SRAP-PCR system in 11 varieties of Canarium album Reausch.

  Ultrasonic extraction process optimize of com silk flavonoids and mathematic simulation 2010, 26 (15):  89-92.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 592035KB )   ( 970 ) With an orthogonal experiment, ultrasonic extraction of com silk flavonoids was optimized, meanwhile mathematic simulation was done, The results showed that, the optimum ultrasonic extraction conditions were:50% ethanol, the ratio of material to liquid 1︰84 (g︰ml), the extracting temperature 75℃ and the extracting time 75 min. In these conditions, the extracting rate of flavonoids was 1.51%. Compared with the tradition water extraction method, the extraction time shortens by 25%, the extraction rate increases by about 20%. Mathematical simulation values based on ultrasonic extraction was consistent with experiment values.

  Study on Adsorption Kinetics of the Chelate Compound of Chitosan with Manganese 2010, 26 (15):  93-96.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 605093KB )   ( 1159 ) In order to make full use of chitosan and manganese, in this paper the isothermal adsorption kinetics of chitosan with manganese was investigated by adsorption method. The study of the adsorption kinetics showed that the rate of adsorption effect of manganese on chitosan could be interpreted in term of first order reaction. The experimental data of adsorption equilibrium from manganese solutions were satisfied with the Langmuir and Fruendlich isotherm equation. The results showed that Mn with chitosan was chelate. The adsorption saturation value was 3.099 g/g at pH=3.5, the adsorption balance constant was 120.4 L/g and the adsorption enthalpy variety was 16.81 kJ/mol. The apparent adsorption activation energy was 29.08 kJ/mol and the sorption rate constant of the Lagergren-one-order sorption was 0.396 h-1 at 35℃. This study will provide some basis theoretic data for application of the chelate of chitosan with manganese.

  Enhancement Effect of Soybean Lecithin on Immune Activity 2010, 26 (15):  97-99.  Abstract + ( 1553 )   PDF ( 641476KB )   ( 1098 ) In order to research the effect of soybean lecithin on immune activity, ICR mice were used to fed with different dosage soybean lecithin. The thymus index, phagocytic index and erythrolysin were examined. Results: the treatment groups increased the phagocytic index and erythrolysin. The study indicated soybean lecithin can enhance immune activity.

  Study on Characteristic Quality of Postharvest Fragrant Pears 2010, 26 (15):  100-102.  Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 543409KB )   ( 1087 ) Abstract: Fragrant pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu) was stored at refrigeratory room with 0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃ ,relative humidity 90～95 % to determine the changes in firmness ,soluble solide content(SSC) and hue of fragrant pear fruit during storage. The characteristic quality of postharvest fruit was studied from the range and coefficient of variation of firmness ,SSC and hue. The results indicated that fruit firmness were decrease at ageing of postharvest fruit during storage period. Lower temperature (0℃) inhibited significantly the decline of firmness of fruit. Fruit SSC had a little decrease during storage especial at low storage temperature. Hue of pericarp had a bigger change with ripening of fruit. The hue was regarded as characteristic quality of postharvest pear fruit because the hue ranges were visible compared with that of firmness and SSC during storage.

  Effects of Negative Hydraulic Head Irrigation Method on Transpiration of Tomato In Greenhouse 2010, 26 (15):  103-108.  Abstract + ( 1301 )   PDF ( 791220KB )   ( 954 ) By using Flow32 stem flow gauge to measure the tomato plant transpiration under negative pressure irrigation and normal irrigation, the effects of negative hydraulic head irrigation methods on transpiration of tomato and the relationship between plant sap flow and solar radiation intensity were discussed, the variation of water consume on different time and the effects of negative hydraulic head irrigation method on water use efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that plant transpiration under negative hydraulic head irrigation is bigger than the plant under normal irrigation, but the plant transpiration change ruler under two irrigation methods is same, the plant transpiration is influenced by solar radiation intensity; the negative hydraulic head irrigation method can supply water to plant effectively, the irrigation method can reduce invalid soil surface evaporation and underground leakage, and the water use efficiency was increased under the negative hydraulic head irrigation

  The Temperature Change and Its Influences on Agricultural Production in Weibei dryland 2010, 26 (15):  109-114.  Abstract + ( 1143 )   PDF ( 757751KB )   ( 1039 ) Abstract: This paper uses the data of average temperature that came from 12 weather stations and from 1960 to 2007 to calculate the frequency of abnormal average temperature in Weibei dryland, and analyze the distribution characteristics and evolution rules of abnormal average temperature. It also analyses the influence on agriculture production. The research shows that: (1) Temperature has been on the rise in the past 48 years, which is consistent with the trend of global warming .The warming levels in different seasons are sharply different. Among the four seasons, winter warming is the most evident, followed by spring. Summer warming is not so apparent. With the rising of temperature in winter, the safely growing area of wheat in winter will move further to the north. What's more, the drought will be more serious as the evaporation increases. (2) Abnormal warming phenomenon always happened in August since 1960 in Weibei dryland, and never happened in June. Abnormal chilling often appears to be in February. May is the only month that has not witnessed exceptionally low temperature. (3) The seasonal warming leads to the rise of winter temperature. It increased soil moisture evaporation of farmland in winter and in the meantime also makes across-winter pest eggs and pupas’ mortality decrease. Therefore, it tends to be more difficult to control pest. These are the adverse effects of rising temperature. (4) Weibei dryland’s abnormally high temperature has been more obvious since 1990s. The frequency of abnormally high temperature in autumn is stable. And the frost damage to crops has been reduced as the abnormally low temperature in winter reduced obviously.

  Determination of eight exogenous plant growth regulator in fruit by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 2010, 26 (15):  115-119.  Abstract + ( 1702 )   PDF ( 644957KB )   ( 1584 ) Abstract: 【OBJECTIVE】A method for determination of eight exogenous plant growth regulator in fruit was developed.【METHOD】After homogenization, sample was extracted with acetonitrile. The extracts were cleaned by certifyⅡsolid phase extraction(SPE) cartridge. Identification and determination were achieved by electrospray ionization in negative mode using multiple reaction monitoring of liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (chlormequat detection especially for positive mode). The plant growth regulator are quantified by external standard method.【RESULTS】The recoveries of all eight exogenous plant growth regulator in the range from 2 to 100 ?g/L are within 70.0～101.0%，the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the eight exogenous plant growth regulator are less than 10%.【CONCLUSION】The method developed was novel and rapid for application in practice.

  Discussion on the existed problems and countermeasures of seed breeding and propagation systems of sorghum in Sichuan 2010, 26 (15):  120-123.  Abstract + ( 1521 )   PDF ( 504928KB )   ( 1032 ) The development of Sichuan sorghum has entered a new and rapid period. Strengthening sorghum breeding work is one of the most important ways to improve the development of sorghum industry. (1) The industrial development and varietal utilization of sorghum in Sichuan had been overviewed in this paper. (2) the ordinary seed breeding works of sorghum was lagged behind the breeding of hybrid sorghum and got few cultivars, the seed breeding and propagation system began to lag, the ordinary seed breeding agencys were very few, the sorghum seeds breeding bases were lagged behind the breeding bases of rice and corn, so it could not adaptate the development of new condition. (3) The key to develop the sorghum industry of Sichuan lied in the plan of consummating the base construction of sorghum seed. To increase the investment of sorghum seeds breeding, make use of agricultural technology extension system, innovate investment mechanism, absorb the societal funds, establish breeding bases, increase the investment of new sorghum seed breeding and promoting by policies.

  Research on the Status and Development of Agricultural structure in Liaocheng 2010, 26 (15):  124-127.  Abstract + ( 1210 )   PDF ( 556284KB )   ( 1048 ) Abstract：The status of farming was analyzed and planting structure was evaluated, crop cultivation was rationally combined in Liaocheng; The factors affecting crop were scored qualitatively and the final scores was basis to combine crop; The results showed that the total value of food crops in decreasing order: potatoes, corn and wheat, oil-bearing crops were: peanuts, rapeseed, cash crops including cotton and herbs, vegetables followed by eggplant, tomatoes, mushroom, cucumber and Western-called. Accordingly, seven suitable kinds of crops made in Liaocheng.

  Study on tree-crown extraction from QuickBird data based on object-oriented method 2010, 26 (15):  128-134.  Abstract + ( 1736 )   PDF ( 2096122KB )   ( 3091 ) [Objective]This article aims to study how to use remote sensing data to monitor the forest growing situation of Beijing-Tianjin Sand Storm Source Project.[Method] It used the technology of the object-oriented method to extract the tree crowns based on from the QuickBird high resolution(0.6m)remote sensing image in the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Storm Source Project of Zhangshanying Town,Yanqing country,Beijing.The specific steps are as follows:firstly,the treatment of ortho-rectification,the fusion and the enhancement have been done for QuickBird remote sensing data.The imagery was segmented via different scale parameters in the software of eCognition,and next,the tree crown’s information was extracted and transformed into vector data.According to ArcGis,the diameter of tree crown was calculated direct.[Results] The research results illustrated that the lowest precision of the tree crown diameter was 68.49%,the highest precision of the tree crown diameter was 96.01%, the average precision of the tree crown diameter was 80.02%.[Conclution] It could acquire a better accuracy.In the project area,the lowest preserving rate of the planting trees was 50.86%,the highest preserving rate of the planting trees was 74.10%,the average preserving rate of the planting trees was 62.38%.It provided scientific basis for the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Storm Source Projection assisted by remote sensing data.

  Fire monitoring method research basing on RS and GIS in Anhui Province 2010, 26 (15):  135-140.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 1106919KB )   ( 1256 ) Forest fire is the wide areas, harmful, timeliness and disposition difficult nature disasters in the world. Forest resource is abundance in Anhui Province. But the forest disaster often takes place because of nature and human reason. Fire monitoring method research basing on RS and GIS in Anhui Province was studied in this article. Anhui Province forest fire monitoring system was designed and exploited. And the Geographic Information System (GIS) was combined in order to ensure fire dot and surrounding environment information. The land use type in center of fire dot was ensured basing on land use type of GIS. And the position can be ensured using GIS space analyse function. The forest fire information can be sent to government via internet and other communication devices. Accordingly the forest fire dots can be monitored using the lesser human force, material resources and feasible cost. The database of fire dots information has been built for Anhui Province in 2008 and 2009 using integration system. The land use type in center of fire dot was ensured basing on land use type of GIS, combing taking place time, the fire reason was analyzed. The research production has been operation serviced for Anhui forest fire monitoring.

  The Screening of morphologic and Physiological Indices for Quality Evaluation in container seedling of Ficus concinna var. subsessili 2010, 26 (15):  141-148.  Abstract + ( 1384 )   PDF ( 672848KB )   ( 917 ) Abstract: Ficus concinna var. subsessilis is one of the important afforestation species in ecological environment construction and the shelter forest of silting coastal area in tropical and subtropical areas, because of its characteristic of unique landscape and the tolerance to low temperature and saline-alkali. The quality of container seedling affects the survival rate and early growth of reforestation directly. In this study, F. concinna var. subsessilis container seedlings of 180 days for research materials, 31 morphological and physiological indexes were mensurated. By means of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation, the key indexes and auxiliary indexes were selected, which can reflect on the quality of F. concinna var. subsessilis container seedling. The study shown that the quality of F. concinna var. subsessilis container seedling mainly decided on the total biomass, the underground biomass, the ground diameter and the root tissue. The quality of F. concinna var. subsessilis container seedling can be evaluated using key indexes and 2 auxiliary indexes by means of comprehensive evaluation. The 8 key indexes 5 morphological indexes and 3 physiological indexes, the former include ground diameter, total dry (fresh) weight, quality index, root dry (fresh) weight, stem dry (fresh) weight, and the latter include photosynthesis indexes (P_n, C_i, T_r, water use efficiency), chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b) and root activity. The 2 auxiliary indexes are height of seedling and the ratio of height to ground diameter.

  Polyploidy Induction of E.urophylla×E.grandis with the Use of Colchicine 2010, 26 (15):  149-153.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 539467KB )   ( 995 ) Abstract: This study was set up to find the effect on the induction effect of axillary buds of clone DH3229 of E.urophylla×E.grandis with the use of table concentrator and osmotic agent, concentration of colchicine solution and treatment time. The results show that every of them including the use of table concentrator and osmotic agent, concentration of colchicine solution and treatment time can significantly effect the induction rate of polyploid. Axillary buds can reach the highest induction rate under the condition of 0.2% colchicine solution and 24 hours’ treatment with the use of table concentrator and osmotic agent. There are no acquired polyploid plants if the treatment concentration was lower than 0.05%.The mortality of axillary buds after the treatment would steeply rise which could lead to the decrease of induction rate.

  Effect of sowing density and rates of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield of purple potato (cv. ziluolan) 2010, 26 (15):  154-158.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 592182KB )   ( 912 ) Effect of sowing density and rates of nitrogen、phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield of purple potato (cv. ziluolan) were tested by employing quadratic saturation D optimum design method. Regression equations of yield value were established. The optimum agricultural combination factors for the purple potato sowing in the early February in east of Zhejiang province obtaining a yield more than 22.5 kg/hm2, were showed as follows: the sowing density was 55900-58800 plants/ hm2; rates of nitrogen were 141.27-161.79 kg/hm2; rates of phosphorus were 103.68-118.68 kg/hm2; rates of potassium were 242.22～264.72 kg/hm2. The results indicated that the sufficient sowing density in co-operation with nitrogen-controlling, phosphorus-increasing and potassium-sufficient were the effective ways to achieve high yield of purple potato.

  Study on the nut shape characters and active components of seventeen clones of ginkgo biloba 2010, 26 (15):  159-163.  Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 590124KB )   ( 981 ) Abstract: Shape characters, nutrient contents and medicinal contents of seventeen clones of ginkgo biloba were investigated. Results indicated that: The nut length, nut width, nut thick, ratio of length to width and single nut weight of seventeen ginkgo clones were significantly different, there were significant correlation between single nut weight with nut length and nut thick, also highly significant correlation between single nut weight with nut width. The content of protein, content of soluble sugar, content of starch, content of lactones and content of flavonoids of seventeen ginkgo clones were significantly different, there were significant correlation between nut length with content of protein and single nut weight with content of starch. The seventeen ginkgo clones were classified as three groups based on shape characters, nutrient contents and medicinal contents of nut.

  Research Progress on Musella lasiocarpa Plant 2010, 26 (15):  164-167.  Abstract + ( 1780 )   PDF ( 586122KB )   ( 1122 ) Musella lasiocarpa (Franch) C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li is endemic in southwest China, the genus has only one species, belonging to the family Musaceae. The plant could be used as herb, food, fodder, ornamental, paper making, weave, soil and water conservation, ecological restoration and so on. The natural resource distribution, biological characteristics, chemical constitutents as well as application value and foreground of Musella lasiocarpa plant were reviewed in this paper.

  Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Quercus acutissima 2010, 26 (15):  168-171.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 1206505KB )   ( 1179 ) Effects of plant hormones to the tissue culture of Quercus acutissima were studied by means of seedling stems as explants and MS as basic medium. The results showed that the best medium for the bud induction was MS +6-BA1.0 mg?L-1. The bud was as long as 1 to 2 cm with 3 to 4 leaves after three weeks, and the germination rate was 83.3%. The best medium for the bud proliferation was MS +6-BA1.0 mg?L-1 + NAA0.02 mg?L-1, and the proliferation rate was 4.6. The best medium for rooting was 1/2MS + NAA0.5 mg?L-1, and the rooting rate was about 87% after four weeks.

  Influence of Different Cultivation Conditions on Stalk Physical Characteristicsof Medium Matured Rice 2010, 26 (15):  172-178.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   PDF ( 608620KB )   ( 945 ) Stalk physical characteristics of 6 varieties with diferent lodging—resistances at 3 nitrogen levels and 3 planting densities were studied．The relationships between stalk physical characteristics and lodging resistances of the plants were analyzed.The results indicated that the plants height were different, the relationships between the plants height and lodging resistances were also different under different cultivation conditions.The plant Lodging resistance is negatively correlated with the length of the first internode．and most negatively correlated with the length of the second internode．and positively correlated with the length of the third internode． and most significantly positively correlated with the area of the basal stalk. and significantly positively correlated with the thickness of the basal stalk.The fit nitrogen levels and planting densities could settled the plants height and stalk physical characteristics at a better level . There were evident diferences between varieties in the stalk physical characteristics and the plants Lodging resistances

  Combining Ability for Protein, Starch and Oil Contents in Inbred Lines of Normal Maize (Zea mays L.) 2010, 26 (15):  179-184.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 647698KB )   ( 1038 ) The objective of this study was to estimate combining ability for protein, starch and oil content. 10 elite inbred lines of normal maize were used as parents in a complete diallel mating design. Parental lines and their 90 reciprocal crosses were evaluated in field trials conducted in Beijing and Shanxi in 2002. In the materials under studied, mean squares duo to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly statistically significant for three traits. Furthermore, GCA mean square was found to be much larger than SCA for these quality traits, suggesting that they were mainly controlled by additive gene action in their inheritance. Results of correlation analysis showed that per se performance of the hybrid was positively related to the mean GCA of two parents and SCA, while a stronger correlation was found between the hybrid and the mean GCA of two parent, with r-values of 0.708**, 0.756** and 0.772** for protein, starch and oil, respectively, indicating that increased GCA of the parents is more important for improving the grain quality of the hybrid. Estimates of GCA effects revealed that inbred lines BT1 and E28 had higher GCA values for protein; Ye478, Chang 7-2, Ye107 and 48-2 for starch, and E28, Huang C and P138 for oil content among the 10 inbred lines.

  Heterosis Analysis of Soybean Hybrid Strains 2010, 26 (15):  185-189.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 567597KB )   ( 1119 ) The study used twenty hybrid soybean varieties which through the initial and first yield testing as test material, in order to study soybean hybrid heterosis. The results show that the hybrid soybean variety have significant advantages in yield, the yield of 19 combinations increased than the high-yield control heinong 38, the range of 2.39-61.33%. Yield-related traits analysis showed that different traits have the different variation degrees. Soybean Hybrid yield advantage mainly come from three pods, four pods, pods number, seed number per plant, yield per plant, number of branches and other production traits.

  Research on Effect of Planting Density and Fertilizer Application on Pinellia Ternata Yield and Total Alkaloids 2010, 26 (15):  190-194.  Abstract + ( 1281 )   PDF ( 730765KB )   ( 757 ) Effect of planting density and fertilizer application onPinellia ternata yield and total alkaloids was studied in order to provide basis forPinellia ternata high-yield and good-quality cultivation measure. 3 factors and 5 levels universal rotatory experimental design method was adopted to carry out field trials． Gravimetric method was used to determine total alkaloids’content. Materialitylevel of cultivation measure’s effect on Pinellia ternata yield and total alkaloids was: planting density＞application of P2O5＞application of organic fertilizer. Planting density had the biggest influence onPinellia ternata yield and total alkaloids, followed by application of phosphorus． Application of organic fertilizer had little influence． During Pinellia ternata cultivation, density, application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus should be kept within reasonable limits, which was beneficial toPinellia ternate yield improvement and total alkaloids accumulation．

  Effects of Amylose Content on RVA Profile Character of Millet Starch 2010, 26 (15):  195-198.  Abstract + ( 1262 )   PDF ( 565430KB )   ( 1141 ) Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) was used to investigate different spring millet varieties (lines), were analyzed. Different varieties had distinct RVA profiles, and the varieties (lines) with low or high amylose content (AC) could be quickly distinguished by the setback. According to the values of breakdown and setback, it could evaluate the superior or starch viscosity of millet varieties with similar AC the breakdown value of RVA profiles was closely related to del consistency and millet taste, and the setback value was linked to millet texture. It suggested that the characteristics of RVA profiles could be used as an important physical and chemical marker to assisted-selecting good quality millet.

  To Screening Helianthus Tuberosus Variety of Suitable Cultivation for Secondary Salinization Soil of Inland Arid Irrigated Area 2010, 26 (15):  199-202.  Abstract + ( 1478 )   PDF ( 604222KB )   ( 931 ) Abstract: Objective: To Screening helianthus tuberosus variety of suitable cultivation for secondary salinization soil of Inland arid irrigated area.Methods: Use randomized block design method to comparative study with new helianthus tuberosus varieties and trdditional varieties.Results Comparing with the traditional varieties , the yield of introduced varieties is higher than the traditional varieties(CK), of which B1 the highest yield, up to 59285.71kg/hm2,and showed significant difference than other varieties, followed by R4and B8;The straw yield of B8 is the highest, reaching 28094.29 kg/hm2, followed by R3 and R4.Conclusion The results show that the helianthus tuberosus variety of B1, R4, B8 is suitabel for secondary salinization soil of Inland arid irrigated area of Qinwangchuan of Yongdeng County ,and have a higher economic yield ,biological yield, and overall efficiency. Key words: helianthus tuberosus; arid irrigation; soil of secondary salinization ; variety screening

  The study on cultivatural techniques of Ramie in dry land of Hilly in the North of Hunan province 2010, 26 (15):  203-206.  Abstract + ( 1167 )   PDF ( 494965KB )   ( 907 ) Five treatments (Fertilizing, fertilizing/drought-resistant agents, fertilizing/drought-resistant agents/ covered with straws, foliar fertilizer/drought-resistant agents, foliar fertilizer, drought-resistant agents) were done in ramies, on hilly land areas in the north of Hunan. The result shows that: To comparing with the treatment of none-fertilizing, the treatment of fertilize/drought-resistant agents/covered with straws have the most obviously effect on yields increasing by 94.2%, fertilize/drought-resistant agents has increased yields by 78.09%, and Fertilize increased by 64.12%,foliar fertilizer/drought-resistant agents increased by 17.5%, foliar fertilizer increased by 10.6%. The treatments of drought-resistant agents take the lowest effect which only increased yields by 5.1%.

  Progress of Study on Salicylic Acid’s Physiological Role in Plant 2010, 26 (15):  207-214.  Abstract + ( 5782 )   PDF ( 634899KB )   ( 6109 ) Salicylic acid is one of the ubiquitously endogenous signal molecules in plant, which has been recognized as a kind of hormones, and has great physiological function such as disease resistance, low temperature resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, ultraviolet radiation resistance, fruit maturity, gardening product preservation and so on. This article summarized the recent research progress of salicylic acid (SA)’s physiological effects on plants.

  Effects of Lead Stress on Activities of Glutathione and Antioxidant Enzymes in Aegiceras Corniculatum Seedling 2010, 26 (15):  215-220.  Abstract + ( 1506 )   PDF ( 828417KB )   ( 947 ) Abstract: Abstract: In order to study is to reveal the influence of Pb2+ resulted in the environmental toxicity and the mechanisms of resistance and victims of mangrove plants, and provide a theoretical basis for the management of heavy metal pollution in marine estuaries. The aegiceras carniculatum seedlings were cultured in a series of seawater which contained 0.1-3 mmol/L Pb2+, Studying the changes of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide，POD and SOD in the seedling roots and the changes of peroxidase in the seedling roots and leaves. The results of experiments showed that both improving the concentration of Pb2+ and extending stressing time increased the MDA contents in seedling roots. The hydrogen peroxide in seedling roots increased with the extending stressing time, but did not change with the strength of Pb2+. It was mainly because of the complex factors impacting the hydrogen peroxide in plant. The activity of POD and SOD increased when the strength of Pb2+ were less than 1mmol/L, and decreased when the strength greater than 1mmol/L With stressing time becoming longer, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in seedling roots had a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase in leaves decreasing. Both the activity of glutathione peroxidase in seedling roots and leaves decreased with the increasing strength of Pb2+.

  Study on the Interaction between Calcium Signal System and Plant Hormone 2010, 26 (15):  221-226.  Abstract + ( 1744 )   PDF ( 681061KB )   ( 1846 ) Calcium, as a messenger molecule, is known to play a crucial role in stimulus-response coupling for many plant cellular signaling pathways and Calcium signals can play a fundamental role in many biological effects. Calcium signals mediate a multitude of plant responses to external stimuli and regulate a wide range of physiological processes. So far, three families of calcium-binding proteins have been identified in plants, including calcium dependent protein kinases(CDPKs), calmodulin (CaM) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs). The proteins likely recognize specific calcium signatures and relay these signals into downstream responses to accommodate external stimuli. Ca2+ messenger system and the hormones plays very important roles in the plant's flower development(flower induction, flower bud differentiation and flowering control), sexual reproduction(in pollen germination and pollen tube growth),and stress physiology. Scholars found that the three types of calcium signal system of Ca2+/CaM, Ca2+/CDPK and Ca2+/CBL have related with plant hormone signaling in the study of plant hormone receptors, signal transduction, gene expression research, as well as Ca2+ signaling mechanism related to .The paper reviewed the effects of Ca2+/CaM, Ca2+/CDPK, Ca2+/CBL calcium signal system on the hormone signaling system and Stated the relationship between these two systems. The paper reviewed the effects of Ca2+/CaM, Ca2+/CDPK, Ca2+/CBL calcium signal system on the hormone signaling system and Stated the relationship between these two systems.

  The Synthesis of SOD Mimics Carboxymethyl Chitosan - Cu(Ⅱ)-Polypyridine and Their Effect on the Salt Stress of Maize Seedlings 2010, 26 (15):  227-232.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 842620KB )   ( 878 ) 【OBJECTIVE】The experiment was conducted to synthesize two novel superoxide dismutase complexes, and study their effect on the resistance environmental stress of crop.【METHOD】The SOD mimics: cmcts-Cu(Ⅱ)-bpy（1）and cmcts-Cu(Ⅱ)-phen（2）(cmcts= carboxymethyl chitosan, bpy=2,2’-bipyridine，phen=1,10-pehnanthroline) were characterized by infrared absorption spectrum,electronic absorption spectrum and atomic absorption spectrometry, and the effect of the SOD Mimics on the salt stress of maize seedlings has been studied by the way of soaking and spraying 0.08~0.24 mg?L-1 SOD mimics.【RESULTS】The results showed that the SOD mimics increased the biomass [2.38~53.02 %(leaf),25.00~64.29 %(fresh)],and enhanced the high SOD activities (0~95.99 %) of the maize seedlings.【CONCLUSION】The SOD mimics had good SOD-like activities, and could effectively protect the maize seedlings against the salt stress.

  The Effect of Black Plastic Film on the Physiological Characteristics and Root Yield of Sweet Potato 2010, 26 (15):  233-237.  Abstract + ( 1314 )   PDF ( 1450728KB )   ( 890 ) To explore a more effective film-mulching cultivation model of sweet potato.Adopting the combining method of field experiment and artificial observation to study the the effect of different cultivation modes on the physiological characteristics and yield of sweet potato.The results showed that: the temperature of black plastic film mode is 2℃ lower than the transparent film and 1℃ higher than non-covered plastic film in 10cm of soil.Ti’s Root yield is 18.0% higher than the transparent film and 20.4% higher than non-covered plastic film. Black plastic film mode have advantage of appropriate soil temperature and the growth of stems- leaves coordination and reasonable leaf area ratio and reasonable distribution of nutrients and higher net assimilation rate, which is the ultimate causes of the higher root yield. And no spraying herbicides, non-polluting, economizing labour. Black plastic film mode will be a new cultivation model of sweet potato.

  Influence on Anti-oxidation System and Na+、K+ content in Potato under Mixed Slat Stress 2010, 26 (15):  238-242.  Abstract + ( 1434 )   PDF ( 959563KB )   ( 939 ) Abstract: Influence on Anti-oxidation System and Na+、K+ content in were followed in plantlets in vitro of the cultivar Zihuabai under salt mixtures of NaCI and Na2SO4 in the ratio of 2: 1, 1: 1 and 1: 2 in molar concentration, which was further divided into the various concentrations of 0%, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, 0.60%, 0.75% and 0.90%, The results showed: Under salt mixtures stress, the change trend of SOD and POD activity are similarly. They were in a sudden increase at a certain concentration. Salt concentration had significant influence on SOD activity, POD activity. No interaction of salt concentration mixture was found for SOD activity, POD activity. The content of Na+ was significantly increased. But the content of K+ presents a gentle drop tendency. And Na+/K+ ratio increased significantly.

  Effect of Leaf Physiological Indexes of Soybean in Different Nitrogen Application 2010, 26 (15):  243-246.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 652812KB )   ( 907 ) 【OBJECTIVE】≈Different nitrogen application and different times, the analysis of nitrogen levels on some physiological indices of soybean, soybean for future research to provide scientific evidence of the physiological indicators ; 【METHOD】≈In order to research orderliness of physiological indexes of soybean in different nitrogen treatment, we maked use of NIRS and SPAD-502 instrument and so on to mensurate leaf spectra, chlorophyll, leaf area and nitrogen content of soybean in different growth period ; 【RESULTS】≈The results showed that influence on the trend line of leaf area, nitrogen content and leaf dry matter accumulation of soybean in different nitrogen treatment, they were N2>N1>N3>N0, and existed highly significant difference, it was N3>N2>N1>N0 in SPAD;【CONCLUSION】≈ Growth period in the different indicators of various physiological differences between different N levels were significantly or very significantly.

  Changes of Endogenous Hormones During Swida wilsoniana Wanger Cutting 2010, 26 (15):  247-251.  Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 644544KB )   ( 998 ) In order to establish efficient cutting technique system, contents of four kinds of endogenous hormones (IAA、GA、ABA and ZR) in Swida wilsoniana Wanger cutting were determined by using ELISA, and physiological and biochemical mechanism of rooting during cutting was studied. The results showed that contents of the endogenous hormones were closely related to rooting during cutting in Swida wilsoniana Wanger, endogenous IAA at higher concentration level and endogenous ABA at lower level help for formation and growth of root primordium in cuttings, and endogenous GA at higher level inhibited formation of adventitious root in cuttings. During different cutting periods, the functions of endogenous ZR were different, lower concentration promoted differentiation and formation of root primordium, while higher concentration benefited to growth and development of root primordium; initial contents of four endogenous hormones had different correlations with rooting rate, those of IAA and ZR were positively correlated, while those of ABA and GA were negative correlated, in which IAA was most closely with rooting rate.

  Studies on source-sink characteristics of super hybrid rice under different fertilizer-N application rate 2010, 26 (15):  252-256.  Abstract + ( 1318 )   PDF ( 615721KB )   ( 901 ) Abstract: With super hybrid rice Jinyou527 and Qianyouliuhao as materials, source-sink characteristics were studied under different fertilizer-N application rate. The results showed that with the application rate of fertilizer-N improved, crop growth rate, biggest leaf area index, effective and highly effective leaf area index, leaf area rate, photosynthetic potential and total quantity of leaf source increased gradually, whereas ratio of effective and highly effective leaf area in total leaf area, net assimilate, single stem-sheath weight at booting stage were just opposite. Total amount of spikelets and total sink potential raised gradually with the increase of fertilizer-N application rate in the range of 0-315 kgN/ha, while 1000-full grain weight, spikelets/leaf area and filled spikelets/leaf area and grain weigh/leaf area decreased gradually. There is a significantly positive correlation relation between grain-leaf ratio and 1000-full grain weight or seed setting rate, and also total sink potential was positively correlated with total amount of spikelets at the significant level of P0.01.

  Influence on Yield and Quality of Pinellia ternate by Different NPK Fertilizers Rate with the Method of “3414” Fertilizer Design 2010, 26 (15):  257-261.  Abstract + ( 1253 )   PDF ( 747211KB )   ( 966 ) Purpose:The present paper explored the changes in yield and quality of Pinellia ternate with different ratio of NPK fertilizers. Methods:The fertilizer response was detected by using the 3414 design. Content of polysaccharide and water-soluble protein were measured by Sulfuric acid-anthrone colorimetric method and Bradford Protein Assay Kit. Results: The appropriate level of NPK fertilizers increased yield of P. ternate by 22.1%(N1),19.8%(P2) and37.0%(K2) respectively as well as the amount of water-soluble protein and polysaccharide in P. ternate’s tube. Conclusion: On the experimental conditions, the recommended economical nitrogen rate is 4.67g/pot. Besides, neither potassium nor phosphorus are recommended to fertilize due to their high contents in the potting soil.

  Effect of Nitrogen Management on Characteristics of Nitrogen Utilization of Soybean 2010, 26 (15):  262-265.  Abstract + ( 1063 )   PDF ( 590611KB )   ( 795 ) Basing on optimum fertilzer level, dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen efficiency of soybean were studied at nitrogen management of nirogen fertilizer. There were three methods of monitrogen management in the experiment. As follow, the total basal fertilizer (N1), half of rate as basal fertilizer combined with the half of N rate as topdressing in the florescence stage (N2), half of rate as basal fertilizer combined with the quarter of N rate as topdressing in the florescence stage and quarter of N rate as topdressing in the seed filling stage (N3). The results showed that the speed of dry matter accumulation of soybean was higher from florescence stage to seed filling stage. In all the period, which was accounted for over per 40. The dry matter accumulation of N3 was highest among the different applying methods. The effect of different applying methods on yield of soybean was following: N3＞N2＞N1. The nitrogen efficiency of N3 was highest among the different applying methods. As far as partial factor productivity(PFP) for different applying methods, N3＞N2＞N1. The results further indicated that applying nirogen method was one of the key factors on increase effective utilization of nitrogen fertilzer and yield.

  Effects of applying lime on the properties of acid soil and the growth of sugarcane 2010, 26 (15):  266-269.  Abstract + ( 1722 )   PDF ( 649872KB )   ( 1193 ) Low pH and severe acidification was a major constraint to sugarcane productivity in the sugarcane region of Zhanjiang. In order to improve the sugarcane production and modify the acid soil limiting factors, the effect of applying lime in acid soil on soil properties and the yield，sugar content in sugarcane was examined by using the soil culture experiment and pot experiment. The results of the soil culture experiment showed that the lime applied was significantly positive correlated with the pH value and the availability of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, silicon, but the availability of iron, manganese was significantly negatively correlated in the test soil. It was means that the rational application of lime in acid soil can increase soil pH value and improve the available nutrients so that improve the acidic soil productivity. The results of pot culture experiment also showed that lime applied in acid soil, the yield and sugar content of sugarcane improved significantly, As one kilogram soil supplied with 1.2 gram lime, the cane yield and sugar content were increased by 14.2% and 2.4%. But when lime application too much, the unit of increase the amount of lime on cane yield and sugar content showed a negative effect.

  Effect of Astragalus sinicus L. returning to field in maturity on soil fertility and yield of rice 2010, 26 (15):  270-273.  Abstract + ( 1254 )   PDF ( 562853KB )   ( 920 ) A study about the correlation between dry weight and plant nitrogen content of Astragalus sinicus L. after flowering periods were carried out, and the effect of Astragalus sinicus L. returning to field in maturity on soil fertility and yield of rice were studied. The results showed that: The wet weight and nitrogen content of Astragalus sinicus decreased from flowering to maturity stage, however, dry weight increased. By milk vetch returning to field in maturity, there was some loss of nitrogen than returning in flowering, however, it has more economic benefits due to tillage reducing and the seeds saving. The Astragalus sinicus can increase the organic matter content of field and rise the rice yield by returning to field in maturity.

  Effect of main cultural techniques on production and quality of broccoli 2010, 26 (15):  274-280.  Abstract + ( 1381 )   PDF ( 714189KB )   ( 964 ) There are significant differences in the commercial and production of the seedlings of broccoli with different ages. The seedlings of Lvxiong 90 with age from 35 to 40 days are appropriate, which are sowed in the best time (after Aug.20) and nursery bed soil conditions, so that the ball took a good commercial and higher output.Planting density test of broccoli shows that if the domestic-based or quick-frozen are the main goal, the yield and the cost of broccoli should be taken into account and the planting density from 2200?667m-2 to 2450 strains?667m-2 is appropriate. If the fresh export is the main goal, the per unit area qualified curd output should be taken in account and the planting density in 2200?667m-2 ～2800?667m-2 is appropriate.The effects of the amount of nitrogen on the yield and the quantity of broccoli are tested and the results show that to a certain extent, the appropriate fertilizer can increase the growth and yield of the plant and curd, improve the quality of the appearance and the commercial of broccoli. But the over or less application of the nitrogen can inhibit the growth of the plant and curd on the contrary, and decrease the quality and yield eventually. In general, the amount of nitrogen (equivalent pure nitrogen) is appropriate from 25kg?667m-2 to 40kg?667m-2 under general soil fertility conditions. For the farmers, as opposed to the habit of fertilizer (about 25kg?667m-2), may be appropriate to increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

  Analysis of Garden Plants Landscape design for Binhu Garden in Xuzhou City 2010, 26 (15):  281-285.  Abstract + ( 1576 )   PDF ( 1725530KB )   ( 1051 ) The plant distribution of Binhu Garden，was analyzed by on-the-spot investigation, sampling photography of some typical blocks and drawing method. The results show that still need to improve the diversity of species,in particular,increasing the spcies of seasonal plant and perennial herb, improving and expanding the designing approach which give people a rich sense of experience,emphasizing on eco-design and building multiple green spaces.

  Effect of different substrate compositions on the Seedlings of Eustoma grandiflorum 2010, 26 (15):  286-290.  Abstract + ( 1181 )   PDF ( 614056KB )   ( 1164 ) The experiment performed an analysis in the physical and chemical characteristics of 6 substrates, revealing that when the ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite was 3:2:1 or 7:2:1, the overall porosity, gas porosity and water holding capacity of mixing substrates were good, and the vapor was appropriate, which meant that the two types appeared strengths in looseness, air permeability, and water holding capacity. Among the 6 substrates, peat's highest germination percentage was 89%. When the ratio of peat, perlite and vermiculite was 3:2:1, the mixing substrates had the greatest impact on Eustoma grandiflorum 's growing characters like stub height, stem thickness, leaf length, taproot length, root-shoot ratio and root system. When the ratio of peat, pertilite and vermiculite was 7:2:1, the mixing substrates had the highest seedling percentage of 81.4%, and the following was that of 3:2:1, whose seedling percentage was 78.5%. The lowest seedling percentage was 27.4% from the ratio 1:1:1.

  Effects of Air Humidity on the Flowering and Fruit-set of Tomato under High Temperature 2010, 26 (15):  291-295.  Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 847614KB )   ( 2524 ) Abstract: The effects of air relative humidity (RH) on the flowering and fruit-set of tomato under high temperature were investigated in growth chambers. Two air relative humidity treatments from 10:00 to 16:00 were 70% ± 5% (high RH) and non-humidification (low RH, as control). The results showed under the high temperature (the average temperature from 10:00 to 16:00 was 36.5 ℃), inadequate carbohydrate and burned flower buds in 55% RH (low RH) increased rate of flower buds drop and lead eventually low fruit set. However, when the air humidity reached 70%, rate of flower blooming and fruit set was improved by 27%~34% and 26%~30%, respectively, which resulted from enhanced carbohydrate supply and decreased burned-flower buds. As a conclusion, relative humidity of 70% (high RH) was fit for flowering and fruit-set of tomato under high temperature of 36.5 ℃.

  Effects of Three Antistaling Agents Treatment on Post-harvest Physiology and Storage Life of “Yang Xiao-2,6” Fruits 2010, 26 (15):  296-300.  Abstract + ( 1123 )   PDF ( 745895KB )   ( 848 ) In this study, Nanfeng mandarin—"Yang Xiao-2, 6"was used to investigate the effects of three different natural antistalings (Chitosan, Salicylic acid and Methyl jasmonate) treatment on the post-harvest physiology and storage life under cold storage. The results showed that the fruit treated with chitosan of 1.5% had the best effect in retention. The time of being decayed of fruits was the latest. The fruit treated with salicylic acid of 0.1g/L had the lowest fluctuation in respiration and SSC. Its total soluble protein reached the biggest climactic values. We found that the effect of 10μmoL/LMeJA concentration was the best of all in SSC, total sugar, titratable acid, Vc, total soluble protein etc.

  Cultural and Historical Connotations of Catalpa ovata and its Ways of Application in Landscape Greening 2010, 26 (15):  301-305.  Abstract + ( 1497 )   PDF ( 594849KB )   ( 1361 ) Abstract: With a long cultivated history in China, Catalpa ovata is the valuable timber and famous ornamental tree specie. But nowadays, it's not used enough in landscape greening and its resources show a gradually declining tendency. Based on the relative literatures, this paper gives a brief commentary on the germplasm resources and biological characteristics of Catalpa ovata, summarizes the cultural and historical connotations, and describes the ways of application in landscape greening in order to promote its exploitation and utilization.

  Effects of Partial Replacement of Nitrate in Solution by Nitrogen Forms on the Development and Quality of Hydroponic Pakchoi Cabbage. 2010, 26 (15):  306-309.  Abstract + ( 1752 )   PDF ( 530839KB )   ( 1157 ) Abstract: In order to study the effects of the nitrogen forms in nutrient solution on the pakchoi cabbage, the effects of partial replacement of nitrate in solution by nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen; amide nitrogen; amino acid nitrogen) on the development and quality of hydroponic pakchoi cabbage were studied based on the South China Agricultural University nutrient solution formula B for leaf vegetables. The results showed that the growth and the yield of hydroponic pakchoi cabbage were increased remarkably, when the partial nitrate in solution were replaced by amino acid nitrogen and amide nitrogen. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the hydroponic pakchoi cabbage were raised, when the partial nitrate in solution were replaced by ammonium nitrogen. The root vigor of the of the hydroponic pakchoi cabbage was the highest, when the nitrogen in solution were all nitrate; the root vigor was lowered, but the soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vitamin C content of the hydroponic pakchoi cabbage were raised when the partial nitrate in solution were replaced by amide nitrogen. The nitrate content of the hydroponic pakchoi cabbage was lowered remaekably when the part of nitrate was replaced by other nitrogen forms, especially by amide nitrogen. In this experiment, the cultivation effect of the hydroponic pakchoi cabbage was the best when the partial nitrate in solution was replaced by amide nitrogen.

  Long-term movement cycles of brown planthopper on late rice in Tiantai county of Zheijing province 2010, 26 (15):  310-313.  Abstract + ( 1325 )   PDF ( 674669KB )   ( 886 ) Based on the monitor system on occurrence of brown planthopper（Nilapavata lugens-Stal）in late rice fields in Tiantai county of Zheijing province from 1969 to 2009 years, long-term movement cycles of brown planthopper were determined. The main factors affected on cyclical changes of brown planthopper populations were analyzed in the paper. The polynomial function model related to the amount changes of the insect populations was created by the formular: Y (t) = C0 + C1 * X + C2 * X2 + C3 * X3 +...+ C15* X15, X = (1,2,3, ……, n), and the time series ARIMA model: Y (t + l) = 0.0659 +0.0616851 Z (t + l-2) + e (t + l) +0.3802611 e (t + l-1) was also postulated，Application of this modelfor back-tested, consistent rate of 98.6%, with high accuracy .It is predicted from the models that high occurrence of brown planthopper will stay in a period in the future. It is suggested that we should increase prevention and control efforts in order to ensure safety in our rice production.

  Studies on the Grey Correlative Degree Analysis and the Temporal Niche Analysis of the Arthropods Dominant Population in Corn Fields in the North of Anhui Province 2010, 26 (15):  314-318.  Abstract + ( 1200 )   PDF ( 636496KB )   ( 863 ) Abstract: We systematic investigated of the summer maize pests in the North of Anhui Province. The results of mathematical analys were show that Rhopalosiphum maidis、Colaphellus spp.and Tetranychus cinnabarinus were the most important pests,and the most important predators were Erigonidium graminicolum、Harmonia axyridis、Theridion octomacutatum、Chrysoperla sinica、Propylea japonica、Orius similis、Paederus fuscipes、Nabis sinoferus.By the grey correlative degree analysis we found that R.maidis and C.sinica had the highest correlation,and the same as T.cinnabarinus and N.sinoferus,C.spp and E.graminicolum. The temporal niche breadth value of C.spp.was maximum and the minimum was C.sinica, and the temporal niche values of them were 2.4856 and 2.1081.The temporal niche overlap value of C.sinica between dominant predatory enemies and R.maidis was maximum, that showed the synchronization of their were high. The temporal niche similarity ratio of C.sinica and R.maidis was the largest,the number was 0.9929,so they had a similar time of occurrence. The results showed that predators can be stable and sustained control of the three main pests in corn fields in the North of Anhui Province.

  Developments and applications of multidimensional gas chromatography in traditional Chinese medicine 2010, 26 (15):  319-322.  Abstract + ( 1429 )   PDF ( 466130KB )   ( 1032 ) The multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) is getting affractive due to its advantages, such as high speed and efficiency, and easy combination with other technologies. This review summarizes the recent developments of MDGC, and its applications in traditional Chinese medicine study. In addition, the prospect and further developments of MDGC are discussed.

  Soil microbial character and assessment of different vegetation restoration in the gully region of Loss Plateau 2010, 26 (15):  323-327.  Abstract + ( 1338 )   PDF ( 720115KB )   ( 1015 ) Abstract: The farmland was taken as control, the soil microbial character of six vegetation restoration types such as Platycladus orientalis(B), Vitex negundo(J), 30-year Robinia pseudoacacia(C30), 20-year Robinia pseudoacacia(C20), 5-year Robinia pseudoacacia(C5), Medicago sativa L(M) were studied. The results showed that the soil microbial character was improved obviously compared to farmland. The microbial biomass and enzyme activities increased apparently compared with the farmland. The soil microbial biomass C, N, P, and the activity of soil Catalase, Alkaline phosphatase, Ureases and invertase were used to evaluate the soil microbial characters quantitatively. The order of soil microbial characters with different vegetation restoration models was: 30-year Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, 20-year Robinia pseudoacacia, Vitex negundo var.heterophylla, 5-year Robinia pseudoacacia, Medicago sativa L. In a word, the soil microbial character of Robinia pseudoacacia is better than other vegetation restoration in Loss hilly area, and with the time longer, the soil microbial character is better.

  Modern Agriculture and Sustainable Development of Ecological Agriculture 2010, 26 (15):  328-331.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 550654KB )   ( 1178 ) The development of modern agriculture is not just the pursuit of economic efficiency, but also the building of a good ecosystem to realize the harmonious development between human being and nature. China is facing from the population, resources and the deterioration of ecological environment and so multiple challenges, we must follow the scientific concept of development ideas, and adhere to sustainable development, must correctly handle the economy, population, resources and environment relationship, to achieve economic, social and the coordinated development of ecology. Therefore, the absorption of foreign eco-agricultural development, drawing on the experience of the building under the new requirements of sustainable development in rural areas, the formation of modern ecological agriculture mode is very important.

  Advance in Straw Returning in China 2010, 26 (15):  332-335.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   PDF ( 514556KB )   ( 1103 ) With the development of agriculture in China, so much crop straw were burnt or discarded, which not only wasted organic fertilizer source, but also polluted the environment. This paper summarizes recent development in technology of straw mulching, effects of straw mulching on soil properties and grain yields, effects of straw mulching on N uptake of rice and fertilizer-N use efficiency. The aim is to popularize straw returning.

  A Study on Urban Land Ecological Risk and Its Evaluation in Changsha City 2010, 26 (15):  336-342.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   PDF ( 731350KB )   ( 1057 ) Abstract:Ecological environment is a very important problem in controlling continuous economic development in the world. Changsha, as a developed and populous metropolis, has witnessed a fast advance in economics and a great change in city construction. The strong needs of land will surely make huge impact on the intension，mode，scale，distribution of land use, bring strong impact to the ecosystem environment, and threat ecosystem safety seriously. This paper expounds the concept of urban land ecological risk assessment, accounts for the urban land ecological risk. The thesis analyses the eco-environment current situation，identifying some ecological environment problems related to land use. By utilizing principal component analysis and K-means clustering, a model for urban land ecological risk assessment is proposed, and then the paper analyses and evaluates the ecological risk, and studies how to deal with it. The research results are as follows:(1)Changsha city urban land ecologically use risk level has wholly been rising from 1996-2006, the evalue of risk is -0.85286(Ⅴ)in 1996，whereas the value of 2006 is 1.321039(Ⅰ),corresponding to a declining in 2000-2002 and a decrease in 1996-1999, 2003-2006;(2) the conclusion signifies that Changsha city land utility isn’t in accordance with eco-environment amelioration, therefore ,it is also necessary to adopt a series of countermeasures to coordinate the relations between Changsha’s land use and ecological environment, promote the sustainable development of land use and ecological environment.

  Analysis on the Regional Comparative Advantages of Maize Production in Hebei Province 2010, 26 (15):  343-348.  Abstract + ( 1426 )   PDF ( 490439KB )   ( 849 ) The paper made an analysis on the comparative advantages of maize production in Hebei province from 1998 to 2007 by the method of aggregated comparative advantage Index based on the theory of comparative advantage. The results showed that there was more comparative advantages in sowing area index and benefit index compared with the other provinces in china, which standed the second and the fifth respectively in China. At the same time, there was not comparative advantage in unit yield index by comparing with the other provinces in china, which standed the 21st in China. Therefore, the paper put forward the suggestions such as making good use of advantages of sowing area scale, increasing the material and productivity inputs, which will promote maize production efficiency and further enhance the production capacity in Hebei province.

  Study on Constructed Wetland for Treatment Agricultural Runoff 2010, 26 (15):  349-352.  Abstract + ( 1092 )   PDF ( 599307KB )   ( 910 ) In order totreat agricultural runoff pollution and mitigate river pollution , Horizontal flow constructed wetland system was used to treat agricultural runoff in this study. Treatment results show that when the influent flux is 2.5m3/d, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland has better purification effect, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand(CODcr),total nitrogen(TN), ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland were49.65%, 51.37%, 56.24% and 59.12%, respectively. Mean influent COD, TN, NH4+-Nand TP were GradeⅡ, Grade Ⅴ, GradeⅡand Grade Ⅳ, respectively. After the disposal of the constructed surface wetlands, Mean effluent COD and Mean NH4+-N can nearly reach GradeⅠ. Mean effluent TP can nearly reach GradeⅠ. Mean effluent TN can nearly reach GradeⅣ. From the analysis of the impact factors in the constructed wetland systems, it can be seen that a key factor was to control the influent flux, and proper influent flux can obtain the optimum treatment effect.

  The analysis of regional comparative advantage in wheat production 2010, 26 (15):  353-356.  Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 815460KB )   ( 1000 ) Abstract: It is very important to increase the yield of wheat, which is one of China's three major food crops. After calculating the Efficiency Advantage Index and the Scale Advantage Index of wheat production, this paper concludes the Aggregated Advantage Index of wheat production between 2000 and 2008, and expresses it in space on the map using the MapInfo software. The result shows that: the Huang-Huai region, Northwest Territories, Tibet and parts of the Yangtze River has a comparative advantage in producing wheat. To increase the yield of wheat in the future, it is necessary not only to pay attention to the areas which have traditional comparative advantage in producing, such as Henan Province, but also to support and rely on Anhui, Jiangsu and other new areas of aggregated advantage in producing wheat.

  Typical steppe characteristics of turbulent fluxes during the growing season 2010, 26 (15):  357-360.  Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 749226KB )   ( 931 ) According to the National Climate Observatory xilinhaote 2007 to 2009 growing season (from may to September) turbulent flux monitoring data, the area under different weather conditions, the turbulent flux is analyzed, results showed that: CO2 flux, momentum flux, latent heat, sensible heat flux obvious diurnal variation, changes were in the range -0.0647~0.0344mg/m2.s, 0.058~0.207 kg/(m?s2), 0.69~95.39 W/m2, -31.35~287.2 W/m2 between. Turbulent transport coefficient is given Cm=Ch=Cw=6.8×10-3.

  Research of sprouts characteristics of mung bean from different region 2010, 26 (15):  361-364.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 518234KB )   ( 1008 ) Discussed the differences of sprouts indictors between mung bean main producing regions and other regions such as nutrient content, bean sprouts output and sprout hypocotyl pattern, to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for sprout mung bean varieties selecting and plantation constructing. Utilized fifty-five representative resources of mung bean in domestic as test materials, simulated factory germination process, measured physical and chemical indicators of mung bean and morphological traits of mung bean sprouts in common methods and then analyzed nine of traits indicators of mung bean and mung bean in statistics sprouts. Among nine traits of mung bean, the differences of sprouts output, hypocotyl length, thick hypocotyls and nutrients contents between main producing regions and other regions were not significant; average value of protein content of mung bean in main producing regions which was 23.051% was lower than that of mung bean in other regions which was 24.073%; average value of starch content of mung bean in main producing regions was 57.188% which was significant higher than that other regions with that value of 55.826%. Generally speaking, there was no significant difference of production and morphological traits of mung bean sprouts between different regions and the starch content of mung bean in main producing areas was more than other regions while the protein content was less than other regions.

  Calculation of the Fractal Dimension in Long River Basin of Chongqing based on DEM 2010, 26 (15):  365-368.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1125891KB )   ( 1112 ) Abstract：Based on DEM, the information of river networks of Long River Basin in Chongqing is extracted, according to the different catchment threshold values and using the hydrologic model by ArcGIS9.3. the fractal dimension of the river network is calculated by the grid method. Based on the relationship between different catchment threshold values and fractal dimension of Long basin, fractal dimension value of Long basin is 1.036, The channel network extraction from DEM w as basically consistent with the factual river system.

  Research on Grey relational analysis in cost-benefit evaluation of corn 2010, 26 (15):  369-371.  Abstract + ( 1236 )   PDF ( 561745KB )   ( 937 ) To cost-benefit of corn, this paper evaluation corn receipts on grey correlation analysis. Through the worst grey relational grade and the best grey relational grade, this paper evaluation corn receipts from positive and negative. And this paper provides a way to evaluation corn receipts.

  Yan'an greenhouse the temperature forecasting methods and indicators to establish 2010, 26 (15):  372-377.  Abstract + ( 1290 )   PDF ( 851521KB )   ( 1014 ) The fitting relation among the temperature, external temperature, cloudiness, sunshine hours and radiation have been analysed, utilizing the temperature and external temperature of agricultural science and technology park greenhouse in Ansai in winter from 2007 to 2008 and 2008 to 2009, and the meteorological data in Ansai and Yanan. The results indicate that the maximum temperature was affected by climate background, the temperature increases very easily in fine weather, and maintained at a high level; but it is lower in overcast and fine weather environment. The maximum temperature with the daily global radiation and the sunshine hours showed non-lineal functional relationship, in overcast and fine weather background, the radiation value less than 5.50MJ?m-2, or the sunshine hours less than 4h, or the daily total cloud cover more than 80%, the temperature is below 20℃, then influences the vegetable's normal growth. The fitting equation of the maximum temperature and external radiation is y=9.5259+2.2265x-0.065184x2 in overcast and fine weather background, and it is y=8.7456lnx+10.76 when sky is clear. The relation between the minimum temperature and the ambient temperature is very close, the fitting equation is different in different weather conditions. It’s the best to use linear formula between sunny day and the first shining day after overcast, the fitting equation is y=0.3736x+14.176 in fine day, and it is y=0.61x+12.764 in the first shining day after overcast. It is possible to decrease the temperature below 0℃ when the ambient temperature dropped to below -20℃, and occurred frozen injury. It can be used external temperature fitting the temperature at the same time in continuous cloudy-weather, and the exponential function relations fitting is the best, the fitting equation is y=10.804e0.04x.

  A Study of the Annual Temperature Changing Law in the grain warehouse 2010, 26 (15):  378-382.  Abstract + ( 1260 )   PDF ( 996321KB )   ( 895 ) In the storage of wheat large warehouse, according to a computer system, the measured temperature year grain temperature, storage temperature and the thermometer at the same time testing the temperature outside as the basic reference data warehouse, analysis of temperature, storage temperature, the average grain Matakura temperature, levels the average grain temperature and the average pay a modest four directions of the regional average annual variation of grain temperature. The results show that: Under normal circumstances, temperatures affect the storage temperature, storage temperature affect the grain temperature. Annual variation amplitude: Temperature "warehouse temperature, storage temperature and" grain temperature; storage temperature lags behind air temperature, grain temperature and storage temperature lag. The average grain temperature and the upper most affected by the temperature, the lower minimum; all levels of the average grain temperature and temperature affected by the size of the upper "upper" classes "in the middle and lower classes. Four-week average grain temperature with the seasons changed markedly. East side of the average grain temperature and the smallest fluctuation in the year. The average grain temperature outside to outside factors such as sunlight, temperature and so a great impact, followed by the central region, the smallest fluctuations in the Central region. Point temperature in the direction of the regional temperature distribution are quite different analysis of the data used for the regional average, so the correct food temperature curve can not fully reflect the regional variation. Therefore, the division of the region to be further scientific improvements.

  International advances in water-efficient farming technology and their significance for improving crop productivity and water use efficiency in Hebei Plain 2010, 26 (15):  383-386.  Abstract + ( 1221 )   PDF ( 528950KB )   ( 1101 ) In the scenario that water shortage has become a critical factor impacting world economy, and two thirds of the available water are being used for agriculture, it is crucially important to adopt water-saving agricultural technology in order to use the water more efficiently to produce more farm products with limited resource under the greater pressure for agricultural production increase and of less available water resource. This article reviewed the international advances in agricultural water use in the aspects of management means, engineering technology, agronomic measures and biological methods as well as utilization of low-quality water, recycled water and rainfall. Based on the review of the successful experiences and the current status of water resources, approaches for water-efficient and highly productive crop production in Hebei plain were proposed.

  Science and technology competitiveness of Chinese fishery research institutes:an international analysis and comparison 2010, 26 (15):  387-394.  Abstract + ( 1458 )   PDF ( 744445KB )   ( 1112 ) Sixteen fishery research institutes in 14 countries were analyzed and compared with typical Chinese fishery research institutes with regards to science and technology competitiveness by constructing an index system for evaluation of fishery scientific and technological competitiveness, and using the method of analytic hierarchy process,. It is found that Chinese fishery research institutes ranks high in terms of competitiveness in research investments, with high scores of total number of personnel as well as research funding. However, competitiveness in research outcomes were not among the top list, reflecting a lack of high level academic papers and low frequency of articles cited. The comprehensive competitiveness of Chinese fishery research institutes is among the upper middle range. These findings indicate that language barrier is only one of the factors affecting the competitiveness in science and technology while lack of original innovation capacity is the major factor.

  Correlation between Genetic Distances among Parents and Growth Rate of Offspring in Paralichthys olivaceus 2010, 26 (15):  395-401.  Abstract + ( 1311 )   PDF ( 2330013KB )   ( 1038 ) Molecular marker technology provides a powerful tool for understanding the genetic differences between individuals from the DNA level directly.It is an important direction to analyse the correlation between parental genetic distance and the growth traits of their offspring with the DNA molecular markers. Eight Japanese flounders(JS) and 24 resistant flounders(RS) were used to make 28 crosses to analyse the genetic diversity of 32 parents,using 21 polymorphic microsatellite markers.Simultaneously, the correlation between parent SSR genetic distance and the growth rate of their offspring was assayed.The results indicated that:(1) the number of total alleles of these 21 microsatellite loci was 123，the allele number (A)，effective allele number (Ae)，observed heterozygosity (Ho)，expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content（PIC），ranged from 2~15，1.3423~7.8168，0.2333~1.000，0.2593~0.8859，0.2225~0.8613，respectively.The average A，Ae，Ho，He，PIC was 5.86, 3.7951,0.6931,0.6784,0.6237，respectively. (2)The minimum genetic distance was 0.2578,while the maximum was 0.9773.The correlation between AGRw of offspring and parental GD existed considerable difference in different range of genetic distance. As the GD for 0.2578~0.5958, the correlation between AGRw of offspring and parental GD appeared to be positively significant at P<0.05；As the GD for 0.6099~0.6604，there was no significant correlation；Furthermore,as the GD for 0.6640~0.9773,the correlation between AGRw of offspring and parental GD appeared to be negatively significant at P<0.05.

  Theory and practice in productive culture of benthic diatoms 2010, 26 (15):  402-406.  Abstract + ( 1190 )   PDF ( 640963KB )   ( 1296 ) Benthic diatoms were productive culture using three kinds of measures (Ⅰ. Illuminance 2500-3000lx, one day over the baskets; Ⅱ. Illuminance 2500-3000lx, 3 days over the baskets; Ⅲ. Illuminance 1500-2000lx, 3 days over the baskets). The results show that: Species composition of benthic diatoms (per cent in the density of large species of Naviculaceae, small species of Naviculaceae, species of Diatomaceae, species of Nitzschiaceae, species of Melosira and species of Cocconeis were 11.56 ± 4.64, 78.27 ± 9.63, 0.823 ± 0.25, 2.57 ± 1.06, 0.01 ± 0.01,6.78 ± 1.34 and 0.15 ± 0.03, 79.71 ± 12.72, 0.23 ± 0.09, 0.64 ± 0.12, 0.01 ± 0.01, 19.262 ± 6.64 respectively) cultured using measures Ⅰ and Ⅲ than develop measures Ⅱ (per cent in the density of large species of Naviculaceae, small species of Naviculaceae, species of Diatomaceae, species of Nitzschiaceae, species of Melosira and species of Cocconeis were 23.56 ± 10.47, 38.47 ± 9.85, 22.51 ± 9.86, 10.24 ± 2.86, 5.22 ± 1.68, 0.007 ± 0.002), but total density of benthic diatoms cultured using measures Ⅲ were significantly lower. This study indicated that stronger illuminance (Optimum illumination theoretic of small species of Naviculaceae is 1000-1500 lx) combined with daily turn baskets both ensure more high-quality and also enhance the growth rate of benthic diatom, so as meeting need of seed for more quantity of benthic diatoms of aquatic economic animals.

  Chinese Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (CFROS) 2010, 26 (15):  407-410.  Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 505943KB )   ( 997 ) There is contradiction between resource conservation and tourism development, and conflict between monotone recreation products and various demands of visitors in the development of Chinese forest parks. Recreation opportunity spectrum has been proved to be a good way to solve problems. This paper learn from ROS of the U.S. Forest Service, combined with our policy,standard, management and research, divide forest parks into primitive，natural，rural and city based on access, landscape resources quality, site management, visitor management, social encounters and visitor impacts.

  Research on the Development of Jasmine Flowers Ecological Tourism-------Taking Hengxian County of Guangxi As An Example 2010, 26 (15):  411-414.  Abstract + ( 1121 )   PDF ( 548822KB )   ( 926 ) Eco-agricultural tourism can not only improve the benefits of using agricultural resources, but also can develop the third industry, shift surplus labor forces of rural areas and increase peasants' income. On the basis of discussing the background and conditions of jasmine flowers ecological tourism in Hengxian county of Guangxi, the essay provides developing ways of jasmine flowers ecological tourism，as well as the countermeasures.

  The Development Model of the Rural Sightseeing Agriculture based on Experience economy ----Take Hubei for Example 2010, 26 (15):  415-419.  Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 638349KB )   ( 1060 ) Abstract: The Hubei Xiabaoping town, where the resources are rich, the natural environment is exquisite, the cultural art breath is thick, but its socio-economic development level is low, and the sightseeing agriculture development is in the initial stage. It is an attempt of practical significance to develop the sightseeing agriculture in such a “non-superior traveling position”. Under the analysis to the current situation, this text has formed thinking of “experience and leisure”, and based on the experience economics, it constructs a develop model, which set “vacation, recreation experience” as one. In the end, the measures were proposed to make up for its operating. experience economy; sightseeing agriculture; development model; non-superior traveling position

  The Theory of Farmers' Cooperative: Dissociation Regression and Transcend---- Research on the Developmental Path of Farmers' Cooperative in Socialist State 2010, 26 (15):  420-425.  Abstract + ( 1182 )   PDF ( 536276KB )   ( 917 ) In the agricultural cooperation theory put forward by Marx and Engels, there are not only agricultural workers cooperation theories for the developed countries in economic, but also farmer cooperation theories for undeveloped countries. For various reasons, the first socialist country, the Soviet Union, freed from the idea, but according to Marx and Engels thought of agricultural workers cooperation theories, established a highly centralized model of collective farms. After its founding, the New China followed the Soviet model, and gradually established a kind of“large in size and collective in nature”people’s commune which is similar to the Soviet collective farms. After reform and opening up, China has changed course, reformed, and implemented the household contract responsibility system. On this basis, China developed farmer cooperative economic organizations. It regressed and developed greatly the farmer cooperation theory, and found a new rural cooperative road with Chinese characteristics.

  A Game Research on Farmers and Corporations of Farm-Products Traceability System 2010, 26 (15):  426-431.  Abstract + ( 1110 )   PDF ( 600631KB )   ( 981 ) In recent years, people have paid more attention to the farm-products traceability system. Especially after the farm-products safety accident, the trace of the responsibility and quality assurance is more and more important to us. To be the source players in the traceability system - Farmers and Corporations, is taken a great significance during the whole process. In This paper, use principal-agent model to analyze Farmers and Corporations’ behaviors under the traceability system. Concluding that the corporations prefer to supervise farmers in the contract transaction, farmers will not break the promise from the long-term interests.

  The Comparative Analysis of Science and Technology Popularization in Rural in China 2010, 26 (15):  432-436.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   PDF ( 555545KB )   ( 1089 ) Abstract: Based on the field survey data and the interviews of the farmers and other key-person, the paper compared the model of science and technology popularization in different rural regions in China. The results showed that the disseminator included the government, the group of science and technology, agricultural enterprise, scientific research institution, demonstrated farmers and volunteers. In rural, the investment and inspect and prompting mechanism of rural science and technology popularization has been found. At present, rural science and technology popularization based on the agricultural extension dominated by the government and depending on the rural community leaded by the government are the main models in the rural regions, but there are many limitations of these two models. According to result, the paper put forward that the model of commonweal combined industry will be the best model for the rural development, and this model has obtained large achievements.

  Challenges and Suggestoin of Rural Collective Construction Land’s Intensive Use A case study on Kai County ,Chongqing city ——Take 11 Districts and Counties of Chongqing Northeast as an Example 2010, 26 (15):  437-441.  Abstract + ( 1446 )   PDF ( 590746KB )   ( 1075 ) Chongqing Municipality in Northeast region as a "lap wings" an important component of development strategy, with the particularity of the Three Gorges reservoir area, the region of rural collective land for construction purposes will be more intensive use of rural land effectively to noticeable assets, protect the reservoir area the ecological environment. In this paper, based on this in Northeast China Chongqing Fengdu, Zhongxian, Dianjiang, Liangping, Wanzhou, Kaixian, Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan, Wuxi, the city population in 11 districts and counties to conduct field research, and comprehensive use of a questionnaire survey, expert consultation and documentation methods, analysis of the region "homestead replacement housing in urban areas to protect," "change in linking urban and rural construction sites," and many other intensive land use of innovative models, and property management vague, weak planning and management challenges, Finally to improve the rural collective construction land from the property, co-ordinating urban and rural construction land planning and management discussed the two aspects of rural collective construction land intensive use of countermeasures and proposals.

  On the Financial crisis Background the government respond to market changes Discuss 2010, 26 (15):  442-446.  Abstract + ( 1233 )   PDF ( 523312KB )   ( 1007 ) Abstract: Through the analysis of the world financial crisis, absorbing western economists draw on economic and financial crisis the reasonable elements of the theory, using Marx's economics point of view, dialectical analysis of the world financial crisis and deal with the impact of the socialist market economy and on the domestic market the impact of changes and focuses on the government or the sector in the market economy, social background, the face of financial crisis, how to change the government functions, to take positive measures to deal with the crisis response, it will overcome the crisis and promote economic development.

  Rural Land Mortgage Survey 2010, 26 (15):  447-450.  Abstract + ( 1258 )   PDF ( 515201KB )   ( 972 ) The communique of The Third Session of the seventeenth central committee of the Party points out cracking hard issues of the rural development by new concepts and thinking, greatly promoting the innovation and strengthening the system construction in rural areas. Subsequently, under the unified arrangements of the central bank, and the China Banking Regulatory Commission, pilot projects to introduce rural land mortgages in rural areas are gradually launched in some provinces (autonomous regions). Through field research and current collections of a large number of materials of rural mortgage loans, author summarizes the current developing state, features and risks of China's rural mortgage land, and painstakingly puts forward the suggestions. Keywords: rural land, mortgage, characteristics, risks, and pertinent suggestions.

  Barley Production and Trade: World Situation and Its Effects on China 2010, 26 (15):  451-454.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   PDF ( 511574KB )   ( 1323 ) In recent years, more and more malting barley was imported into China, the connection between China’s barley market and global barley market is becoming more closed. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of global barley production and trade, analyses main malting barley exporter’s situation. The main researching results are as follows: barley export is concentrated in few countries, the leading exporters of malting barley are Australia, Canada, and European Union; as a result of concentrated market, international barley price is not stable; in the future, the competition between Chinese malting barley and imported malting barley will be over a long period of time, China should play important role in malting barley import market, and put more effort in improving domestic barley quality.

  The Analysis of the Operational Efficiency of Agricultural Listed Companies 2010, 26 (15):  455-458.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   PDF ( 568661KB )   ( 1029 ) The Agriculture Listed Companies represents the management efficiency of the agricultural organizations，these companies` performance and efficiency of capital operations play an important role in the development of the agriculture. The paper utilizes data envelopment analysis (DEA) to research the operational efficiency of 24 Agriculture Listed Companies in 2009 ，based on the financial statement of these companies. The results have proved that 24 Listed companies in the field of agricultural have relatively small scales，low operational efficiency and a large space for improvement. The managers should enlarge the scales, increase the outputs, optimizes the configuration of resources.