Abstract: In order to probe the restoration mechanism of karst rocky desertification (KRD), different vegetation sites in typical KRD areas Guangxi province were selected as studying plots. Some bare land were chosen as control sampling plots. The change disciplines and the relativities among soil cellulolytic enzyme activity and factors of soil fertility in the process of vegetation rehabilitation were analyzed respectively.The results showed that different vegetation had remarkable influence on soil cellulolytic enzyme activity. Based on the value of soil cellulolytic enzyme activity size down in different vegetation sites, the order was made as follow: Platycladus orientalis＞Jianxi forest＞Pteroceltis tatarinowii + Bauhinia comosa＞Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Cinnamomum burmami＞Cyclobalanopsis glauca＞Eucalyptus robusta＞Liquidamba formosana，Pinus eliottii＞Zenia insignis＞Pinus eliottii + Eucalyptus robustaEucalyptus robusta＞Agave sisalana，Cynodon dactylon＞Vitex negundo＞Dendrocalamus minor＞ Neyraudia reynaudiana.Secondly, the difference of soil cellulolytic enzyme activity not only related with vegetation form, but also close related with recover time of vegetation. Thirdly, there were significance positive correlation among soil cellulolytic enzyme activity and soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, prolease, urease and invertase. There were definite positive correlation among soil cellulolytic enzyme activity and water content of the soil, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and other factors of soil fertility.Soil cellulolytic enzyme activity could reflect the quality and dynamic changes of the soil, so,it could be regarded as one of the biological indicators in soil fertility monitoring and soil quality assessment in the process of karst rocky desertification ecological restoration.