Abstract: Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was occupied to study on the genetic diversity of 24 Pinellia ternata germplasm resources from16 main distribution provinces. The results showed .that at species level polymorphic loci percentage (PPL) is 68.77%, Nei 'S gene diversity index (He) 0.2062. At population level, PPL varied from 9.88% to 58.02%, with the average value 27.21% and groups of genetic differentiation factor (GST) is 0.5282, population gene flow (Nm) 0.4466. The results of cluster analysis based on UPGMA revealed that when similar coefficient of 0.896, 24 populations can be divided into five material groups.