Cotton

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Effects on Agronomic, Yield and Quality Traits of Long-staple Cotton: Different Spraying Doses of Chemical Topping

DU Bin, LIU Xia, WANG Chengqiang, TIAN Nan, LIU Lu, BAI Yulin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (10): 32-37. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0335

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In order to clarify the effects of chemical topping on agronomic, yield and quality traits of long-staple cotton, ‘YL39’ with vigorous growth and long internodes and ‘YL62’ with steady growth and short internodes were used as test materials, and a randomized block test was conducted with four spraying doses to analyze the response of different types of long-staple cotton to chemical topping. The results showed that: the increase of plant height, number of fruiting branches, plant height growth and bolls per plant after chemical topping showed a decreasing trend with the increase of spraying dose, and more than 60% of the bolls of the two materials were concentrated in 5-12 fruiting branches; chemical topping had no effect on the boll weight, lint, yield; there was a tendency to increase the micronaire value and maturity after chemical topping. ‘YL62’ had more newborn fruiting branches and effective bolls after chemical topping, which had good yield potential; ‘YL39’ was more sensitive to chemical topping, with limited newborn fruiting branches and less effective bolls at high doses, which affected the final yield. On the whole, the spraying of chemical topping agent 1125 mL/hm²+ 150 g/hm² 98% mepiquat soluble powder can replace manual topping, which can control growth and ensure yield and quality.

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Salt Tolerance of Upland Cotton Germplasm at Seeds Germination Stage

LUO Jing, DU Shanshan, SUN Huijian, YAO Qingqing, HE Zhongsheng, WANG Dongli

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (3): 25-35. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0368

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In order to understand the salt tolerance of different genotypes of upland cotton germplasm resources, this study subjected 40 samples to salt stress using NaCl solutions with concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mmol/L, and measured relevant indicators during the seed germination period. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the salt tolerance of seeds during germination. The results showed that (1) under the stress of high concentration NaCl solution, germination potential, germination rate, hypocotyl length, root length and fresh matter mass per plant all showed a downward trend. (2) Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and membership function comprehensive evaluation were performed on 30 materials with germination rate >50% at A4 concentration, four materials with strong salt tolerance were obtained, namely ‘Han 8266’, ‘Rihui Mian 6’, ‘Zhong R971708’ and ‘Kuaiyu 2’. (3) Through cluster analysis, at the Euclidean distance of 5, the 30 materials could be divided into 3 categories. There were 1 salt-tolerant material in Category I, 18 moderately salt-tolerant materials in Category II, and 11 salt-sensitive materials in Category III.

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Research on Status of Cotton Straw Crushing and Decomposition in Xinjiang Region

ZHANG Jian, ZHOU Ling

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (3): 48-58. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0214

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In order to understand the current situation of cotton stalks crushing and returning to the field for decomposition in Xinjiang, we took the returned cotton stalks and soil as the research objects to investigate the effect of cotton stalks returning to the field on the nutrient content of the soil in the soil layer of 0-30 cm. Soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in Tumushuke, Korla, Kuitun and Shihezi areas by field research method and five-point sampling method. The crushed length of cotton stalks in the field was 17%-18% at <10 cm, about 60% at 10-20 cm, and about 25% at >20 cm; the distribution of the length of cotton stalks in the depth of soil layer from 0 to 30 cm was 52% at <10 cm, 35% at 10-20 cm, and 13% at >20 cm; soil samples collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm of cotton fields were analyzed. The results showed that the soil moisture content of cotton fields in Tumushuke and Korla was 10%-18%, the organic matter was about 20 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 200 mg/kg; and that of cotton fields in Kuitun and Shihezi was 16%-20%, the organic matter was about 30 g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium was about 300 mg/kg. The highest quick-acting phosphorus was 181.44 mg/kg in Kuitun site and the lowest was 7.34 mg/kg in Korla, showing that the mean nutrient value in the southern border area was lower than that in the northern border. There are differences in the effects of returning cotton stalks to the field on soil properties in various regions, and these differences are not only affected by natural environmental factors, but also closely related to different grain sizes of cotton stalks, different burial depths and other factors. Cotton stalks crushed and returned to the field need to be adapted to local conditions, scientific return to the field.

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Effects of Equal Carbon Amounts of Straw and Straw Charcoal Incorporation on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activity in Cotton Fields

FANG Baihan, LIU Jingjing, GUO Xiaowen, YE Yang, YANG Maoqi, ZHANG Nan, GUO Huijuan, MIN Wei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (2): 69-82. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0374

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The study investigated the impact of adding equal carbon amounts of cotton stalks and biochar to soil on soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient transformation enzyme activities, aiming to support sustainable agriculture in drip-irrigated cotton fields in arid regions. The experiment included three treatments: no residue returning (CK), cotton stalk returning (ST, 6 t/hm²) and biochar returning (BC, 3.7 t/hm²). The results showed that both cotton stalks and biochar significantly increased the proportion of large soil aggregates compared with CK, the mean mass diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates were significantly improved, aggregate stability was improved, and soil porosity and water content were enhanced. Large aggregates and water content increased by 107.7%, 58.5% and 42.1%, 28.5%, but the soil bulk density was significantly reduced. Compared with CK, both treatments elevated soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, CEC increased by 4% and 12%, with biochar being more effective in enhancing CEC, organic matter, carbon-nitrogen ratio, available phosphorus and available potassium. Cotton stalks were more effective in increasing total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen. Both treatments increased the activities of soil sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulase, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, with cotton stalks also elevating urease and alkaline protease activities, while biochar reduced them. Correlation analysis indicated that total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were primary factors promoting activities of sucrase, β-glucosidase, cellulase, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme, while soil pH and bulk density inhibited them. Both treatments significantly enhanced the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in cotton, promoting growth and development, and increasing cotton seed yield by 12.6% for cotton stalks and 10.2% for biochar. In conclusion, returning cotton stalks and biochar to the soil improved soil structure, increased nutrient content and enzyme activities, and promoted nutrient absorption in cotton, leading to a significant increase in cotton seed yield.

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Study on Control of Emergence Water in Cotton Field of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ in Southern Xinjiang Based on Soil Moisture Content of Loam Soil

LI Xingxing, ABUDUAINI Abuduweili, ZHOU Lun, MA Hui, OU Huan, AIMAIERJIANG Abulitifu, TIAN Liwen, LIU Yan, LUO Dan, AZIGULI Abulizi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2025, 41 (1): 25-32. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0521

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By analyzing the effects of different frequencies of drip irrigation on the emergence rate, agronomic shape and root distribution of cotton fields with different soil water contents under loamy soil conditions in southern Xinjiang, the suitable frequency of emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ under loamy soil conditions was explored, which provided theoretical support for ‘one sowing and whole seedling’ of cotton in southern Xinjiang. Taking upland cotton ‘J8031’ as the test material, under the condition of soil moisture content of 10%-15%, 15%-20% and 20%-25%, the seedling emergence water was set up for 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively. With the increase of drip irrigation frequency, the soil compaction decreased, and the soil EC value decreased gradually. The soil EC value of the same soil depth was less than that of the film edge, and the soil EC value of 5 cm soil depth was less than that of 10 cm under the same hole or film edge position. The emergence rate was the highest when the seedling water was dripped twice, and the lowest when the seedling water was dripped once, and the phenomenon of ‘decapitated seedling’ and ‘stuck neck’ appeared. With the increase of water frequency, plant height, stem diameter and aboveground dry matter accumulation showed a gradually increasing trend. The high frequency of seedling water was closely related to root growth and development. The increase of the frequency of seedling water dripping and the water-oriented characteristics of the lateral root system gradually increased the root weight density, root length density, root surface area and root volume, but the root diameter was the smallest when the seedling water was dripped three times. Under loam soil conditions, when the soil water content was 10%-15%, 15%-20%, and 20%-25%, the emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ dripped twice could meet the germination and emergence of cotton seeds, and the agronomic traits and root morphology were better at the seedling stage.

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Study on Modified Biodegradable Polyethylene Agricultural Mulch Film for Cotton

REN Shuai, LIU Fei, LI Jing, ZHOU Jinglun, WANG Lihong, YUE Xiuli, SUN Yifan, ZHANG Xiaolai, ZHANG Heng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (36): 43-50. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0256

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This paper aims to improve polyethylene film to prevent residual film infiltration and soil pollution under the premise of keeping temperature and moisture. The common film and the modified biodegradable polyethylene film were used in the film mulching experiment by using the test method and the comparison method. The results of laboratory tests showed that after 72 hours of ultraviolet aging treatment and infrared characterization, the modified biodegradable polyethylene film was almost completely degraded, while the ordinary film had almost no change. Under the same thickness and test conditions, the properties of the modified biodegradable polyethylene film were basically the same as those of the ordinary film. The field experiment of two kinds of films applied to cotton field in Dezhou City, Shandong Province showed that the moisture retention performance of the degradable polyethylene film was equivalent to that of the common film, and better than the bare land. And the degradation effect of degradable mulching film was in line with the design goal. The modified biodegradable polyethylene film used in this paper has the same performance as common mulch film, and has better degradation ability, which provides a new product for preventing residual film penetration and soil pollution.

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Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on CO₂and N₂O Emissions from Cotton Fields at Different Temperatures

WANG Jia, LIU Weiyang, HAO Xingming, ZHANG Sheng, HE Duo, ZHANG Xiaogong, ZHOU Limin

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (12): 19-27. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0253

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The greenhouse gas emission rules under different farmland management methods were revealed, and the influencing factors and action mechanisms were expounded, so as to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from saline-alkali land in extremely vulnerable areas, mitigate climate change, and provided theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction in China. An extremely saline soil with electrical conductivity of 9.35 mS/cm and pH of 8.38 was used for indoor culture experiments. Three temperature gradients were set as 15, 25 and 35℃; three nitrogen application levels were set as 0, 120 and 240 kg N/hm² and three biochar application levels were set as 0, 5 and 10 t/hm². All treatments were carried out under 60% field water holding capacity and cultured for 45 days. The results showed that temperature and nitrogen application significantly increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions, and short-term application of biochar could reduce N₂O emissions. (1) Under the same temperature and biochar conditions, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 120 kg N/hm² were 2.02 times and 1.28 times of the control, respectively. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were the highest when nitrogen fertilizer rate was 240 kg N/hm², which were 2.22 times and 1.64 times of the control, respectively. (2) Under the same temperature and nitrogen fertilizer conditions, the application of biochar significantly reduced the emission of N₂O. Compared with the control, when the application rate of biochar was 5 t/hm², the emission of N₂O was reduced by 7%. The amount of biochar applied was 10 t/hm², and the N₂O emission was reduced by 13%. (3) Compared with 15℃, cumulative CO₂ and N₂O emissions at 25℃ increased by 11.34 g C/kg and 39.69 mg N/kg, respectively; the cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 35℃ were the largest, increasing by 48.17 g C/kg and 69.69 mg N/kg, respectively. In summary, this study demonstrates that in the management of extreme saline-alkali soils in agricultural fields, reasonable control of temperature, nitrogen fertilization strategies, and the use of biochar are of significant importance for regulating greenhouse gas emissions.

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Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic, Fiber Quality and Yield Traits of Different Plant Types of Sea-Island Cotton

BAI Yulin, DU Bin, TIAN Nan, WANG Chengqiang, LIU Xia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (35): 20-25. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0355

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In order to study the response of different plant types of sea-island cotton to planting density, two loose plant types‘Yuanlong28’, ‘Yuanlong 61’and compact plant type ‘Xinhai 45’, were selected as materials for research, and the variations in agronomic, quality and yield traits under four distinct planting densities were studied. The results showed that with the increase of planting density, plant height, plant width, bolls per plant, boll weight, seed index, micronaire, upper half mean length, fiber strength, length uniformity and fiber maturity showed a decreasing trend, while bolls per plant in middle and lower part of fruit branches increased. The plant height, plant width and bolls per plant in flowering and boll stage were significantly different among different densities. The loose plant type materials had long fruit branches, stable growth and great adaptability, and the suitable planting density was 0.21 million-0.27 million plants/ha. The compact plant type material had the characteristics of short fruit branches, fast growth, vigorous, strong boll setting, and high requirements for nutrients. Cultivation methods should be adjusted according to the actual growth, so that the growth advantage can be transformed into the yield advantage, and the yield can be further improved.

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Newly State-approved Cotton Variety ‘Liaomian 15’: Analysis of High Yield, Stable Yield, Adaptability and Yield Composition Factors

SHANG Na, LI Qing’en, LI Xiaoyu, WEN Xiaoxia, LI Haitao, YU Fagang, LI Qiuzhi, YANG Zhongxu, YIN Huihui

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (33): 48-52. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0751

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In order to comprehensively understand the production performance of the newly state-approved cotton variety ‘Liaomian 15’, based on the data of the 2016-2018 regional tests of medium-ripe conventional varieties in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin, the yield, high stability coefficient, yield increase point rate, variety deviation degree and yield components were used to comprehensively evaluate the high yield performance, stable yield property and adaptability of ‘Liaomian 15’. The results showed that from 2016 to 2018, the average lint yield of ‘Liaomian 15’ was 1712 kg/hm², which was increased by 16.77% compared to the control ‘Shikang 126’. Out of 50 experimental points in three years, 49 sites increased production. Path analysis showed that the total number of bolls, boll weight, and lint percentage had a direct positive effect on the lint yield of ‘Liaomian 15’. The direct contribution to the lint yield was as follows: total number of bolls>lint percentage>boll weight. ‘Liaomian 15’ was an excellent variety suitable for large-scale promotion in the cotton area of the Yellow River Basin. In production, it was necessary to coordinate the relationship between the three factors while ensuring the total number of bolls, so as to maximize the production potential of the variety and contribute to ensuring the safety of national cotton production.

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Improvement of Salt Tolerance in Cotton Seed Germination by Ascorbic Acid and Its Physiological Mechanism

XU Jianwei, YAN Zixin, ZHU Jincheng, RU Sibo, LIU Wenhong, LI Zhibo

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (33): 53-60. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0771

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The study aims to explore physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance in cotton during seed germination stage. Using ‘Xinluzao NO.61’, a major local cotton variety, as the test material, the effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) soaking on key germination characteristics and physiological indicators of cotton seeds were analyzed under different types of salt stress. The results showed that the germination of cotton seeds decreased with increasing salt stress concentration; Under NaCl, Na₂SO₄, and Na₂CO₃+NaHCO₃ stress, the soaking with AsA enhanced the germination characteristics of cotton seeds, among them, the germination rate of cotton seeds increased the most, increasing by 55.32%, 56.10%, and 44.0% compared to the control, respectively, and the optimal AsA soaking concentration for improving salt tolerance was selected as 0.10 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.15 mmol/L; during the germination process under salt stress, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, and the contents of soluble protein and soluble sugar in cotton seeds soaked with AsA increased，while the content of MDA and H₂O₂ decreased, and all showed significant differences from the control group. It is concluded that AsA soaking can improve the salt tolerance of cotton seed during germination, as it enhances the main antioxidant enzyme activity, increases the content of osmotic substances, and alleviates membrane lipid peroxidation of cotton seed.

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Response Mechanism of Cotton Varieties in Bayingol Area to Chemical Topping Agents

DU Shanshan, LUO Jing, YAO Qingqing, HE Zhongsheng, WANG Dongli, SUN Huijian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (25): 11-17. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0196

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In order to clarify the sensitive response of different main cotton varieties to chemical topping agents in Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, four local main cotton varieties were selected as the research objects to study and analyze the effects of DPC (25% slow-release emulsion in water) treatment with chemical topping agents on plant height, LAI, aboveground biomass accumulation, yield and quality of different cotton varieties. The results showed that 30 days after topping, the plant height of different cotton varieties was significantly higher than that of artificial topping by 4.09%-7.54% (P<0.05), among which ‘Ba 43541’ increased the least. LAI of different cotton varieties under two topping methods ranged from 2.96 to 4.03. Compared with before topping, LAI of cotton variety ‘Ba 43541’ increased the most under chemical topping method. The changes of leaves, stems, buds and total dry matter mass of different cotton varieties under two topping methods were different, but the changes of dry matter mass under two topping methods were not significant (P>0.05). Compared with manual topping, chemical topping had little effect on fiber length, uniformity, specific strength, micronaire value and elongation of different cotton varieties, and the difference was significant. Compared with manual topping, the yield of seed cotton of different cotton varieties increased by 0.35%-2.49% under chemical topping, among which the yield of cotton variety ‘Ba 43541’ was the highest, with 163.15 kg/hm², followed by ‘Xinluzhong 71’, ‘Xinluzhong 78’ and ‘Xinluzhong 81’. ‘Ba 43541’, the main cotton variety in Bayingol, is the most sensitive to chemical topping agent, and has the best effect of chemical capping, and has the potential to increase production.

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Different Intercropping Systems of Cotton-Sorghum: Study on Soil Nutrients, Cotton Agronomic Characters and Yield

WEI Xuewen, HAN Wenfeng, XU Qinqing, WANG Guifeng, XIONG Shiwu, WANG Zhanbiao

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (12): 28-32. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0939

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To fully utilize the land resources and explore environmentally friendly, high-yield, and efficient cotton-sorghum intercropping systems, we conducted an experiment with sorghum and cotton intercropped by 'Jiliang 2' and 'Lu 6269' in Binzhou City, Shandong Province. Four intercropping patterns were adapted to analyze their effects on cotton agronomic traits, soil nutrient content, yield components, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that cotton-sorghum intercropping, compared with cotton monoculture, significantly increased cotton plant height, the number of fruiting branches and boll numbers, resulting in 0.73% to 6.13% increase in lint yield. Although fiber quality was decreased slightly, the soil available nutrient content was enhanced significantly. Among the three intercropping systems, the highest yield and economic benefits were observed in the one with 4-row cotton and 4-row sorghum. The lint yield in this pattern was 6.13% higher than that of cotton monoculture, and the economic benefits increased by 13.79%. Therefore, this pattern could be used in this area in order to improve yield potential in sorghum-cotton intercropping systems.

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Cotton Yield Forecast in Shandong Province Based on Meteorological Key Factors

HOU Mengyuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 37-41. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0377

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Cotton is an important cash crop in Shandong Province，and its growth and yield formation are closely related to meteorological conditions. It’s significant to carry out cotton yield prediction for economic security in Shandong Province. Based on the cotton yield data in Shandong Province from 1990 to 2020, the daily average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours from 17 meteorological stations during the same period, the meteorological key factors affecting cotton yield were determined by means of factor puffing and correlation analysis, and a dynamic forecast model of cotton yield with every five days as the time step in Shandong Province was established. The province was divided into 4 regions, and the forecast model of cotton yield was tested during 1990-2016 and was applied during 2017-2020. The results showed that the average trend back-testing accuracy was 94.1% in the province, and ranged from 87.3%to 94.1% in different regions. The forecast accuracy of cotton yield during 2017-2020 was 95.1% in Shandong Province, and was 92.1%, 91.5%, 91.5%, and 90.9% in southern region, central region, northwestern region and eastern region of Shandong, respectively. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for the quantitative, dynamic, and refined prediction of cotton yield in Shandong Province.

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Research on Efficient Transplanting and Domestication Techniques for Cotton Tissue Culture Seedlings

GE Yujun, GONG Na, YANG Jianfeng, YANG Min, LIU Zheng, LI Xianggan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (7): 14-19. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0154

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This study delves into the crucial factors that influence the survival rate of cotton tissue culture seedlings during transplantation. Addressing the pervasive issue of low survival rates during direct transplantation, we aim to offer a robust and efficient transplantation approach for cotton tissue culture seedlings. Utilizing these seedlings as our primary experimental subject, we examined their survival rate, root system, and growth of stem and leaves under various environmental conditions, substrates, and root system states. The seedlings were rooted within a culture container and subsequently transplanted into a substrate comprising a 1:1 volume ratio of perlite and vermiculite, nourished with a 1/2MS nutrient solution. By maintaining optimal humidity levels during the recovery phase, we observed enhanced seedling vigor, with survival rates soaring from an initial 50% to a remarkable 100%. This method is simple to operate and has a high survival rate, establishing an efficient and stable method for the domestication of cotton tissue culture seedlings. In addition to its affordability, it eliminates the need for grafting, boasts a higher boll-setting rate, and holds promising potential for the burgeoning realm of cotton biotechnology.

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Regulation Effect of Biochar on Bacterial Community in Cotton Field Soil under Saline Water Drip Irrigation

YE Yang, XIANG Guiqin, GUO Xiaowen, MIN Wei, GUO Huijuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (6): 91-100. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0236

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To explore the regulation effects of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in cotton field soil under long-term saline water irrigation, based on long-term saline water (8.04 dS/m) irrigation, three treatments were set up for field positioning experiments: no nitrogen fertilizer application (N₀), nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N₃₆₀) and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer treatment (BC). Determination of soil bacterial community composition was conducted by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with N₀ treatment, N₃₆₀ treatment significantly increased soil electrical conductivity and total nitrogen, but significantly decreased soil pH and available phosphorus content; BC treatment significantly increased soil water content, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium content. Compared with N₀ treatment, N₃₆₀ and BC decreased the Shannon and Simpson indices of bacterial communities, while N₃₆₀ treatment increased the Chao 1 and ACE indices. The dominant bacteria at phylum level were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota; the dominant bacteria at genus level were Nitrosospira, RB41 and Sphingomonas. N₃₆₀ treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes, but decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Thermoplasmatota; BC treatment increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Nitrospirota and Chloroflexi, while decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota. LEfSe analysis showed that both N₃₆₀ and BC treatments reduced the number of potential biomarkers of bacteria. The RDA results showed a significant correlation between soil bacterial community structure and soil total nitrogen and available potassium content. Nitrogen fertilizer and Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer can regulate soil physicochemical properties, thus regulating soil bacterial community structure, which can form dominant species to adapt to salt environment.

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Research on Estimation Model of Aboveground Nitrogen Concentration in Drip Irrigation Cotton Based on Machine Learning Algorithm

WANG Pengxiang, CHEN Xiangyu, WEI Chunyue, MA Yiru, QIN Shizhe, ZHOU Zexuan, ZHANG Ze

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (4): 148-157. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0110

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Aboveground nitrogen concentration is an important indicator for accurately diagnosing crop nitrogen abundance and deficiency and thus evaluating its growth status. By constructing a hyperspectral-based nitrogen concentration estimation model for aboveground nitrogen concentration in drip-irrigated cotton, the real-time, non-destructive and accurate acquisition of nitrogen content in cotton can be realized, providing theoretical basis and technical support for precise fertilization. Six N application treatments (0, 120, 240, 348, 360, 480 kg/hm² of pure N) were set up with the main cotton cultivars ‘Xinluzao 45’ and ‘Xinluzao 53’ in northern Xinjiang as the test varieties. Measuring the hyperspectral information of the cotton canopy and removing redundancy using functional transformations, the first- and second-order derivative screening results were similar, and the logarithmic screening of the inverse was more scattered. Machine learning weight ordering was used for feature screening, and a total of seven feature bands, including 359, 371, 751, 752, 746, 739, and 755 nm, were selected. We also traversed the wavelength combinations to optimize the vegetation indices associated with high nitrogen in previous studies, and selected seven spectral indices including RVI′_810,460, NDVI′_811,856, NDVI′_750,705, RVI′_740,720, RVI′_851,852, DVI′_359,360, NDVI′_851,852. The filtered feature bands and vegetation indices were used to establish a nutrient estimation model with cotton nitrogen using ridge regression, decision tree, bootstrap clustering, and enhancement learning algorithms, respectively. Finally, the aboveground nitrogen concentration estimation model of drip-irrigated cotton established by the Adaboost iterative algorithm was the most effective, with a model accuracy of R² reaching 0.911 and an RMSE of 1.362. Spectral information can be used to effectively invert the nitrogen nutritional status of cotton, and the estimation accuracy of the model constructed based on the vegetation index is more stable than that of the feature band; the optimization of the existing feature band of the vegetation index can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of the model; comparing and analyzing the accuracy of the model under different modeling methods, the integrated learning is more advantageous than the single-machine learning in the nitrogen nutritional estimation of cotton.

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Application, Problems and Solution Strategies of "Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence" Planting Technology of Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

WANG Yiqi, ZHANG Wentai, TIAN Changyan, MAI Wenxuan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (3): 62-65. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0152

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Cotton is the most important cash crop in Xinjiang, and southern Xinjiang is the main cotton production area, which yield accounts for 80% of the whole Xinjiang. For a long time, the planting mode of "wet sowing and dry emergence" was widely adopted in the cotton areas of southern Xinjiang, which meant that in addition to conventional irrigation during the cotton growth period, winter irrigation and spring irrigation were also needed to play a role in pressing salt and improving soil moisture during the sowing period. However, with the continuous expansion of cultivated land area and the increasing shortage of water resources, the cotton production of southern Xinjiang began to try the cultivation method in northern Xinjiang of "dry sowing and wet emergence" to grow cotton, but the overall effect was not ideal. Through the literature review, this paper tries to explore the reasons for the ineffective implementation of the "dry sowing and wet emergence" cultivation method in southern Xinjiang, and puts forward possible solution strategies on this basis.

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Breeding of a New Cotton Variety ‘Xumian 608’ Suitable for Machine Picking with Early Maturity and High Quality

ZHAO Mingming, HU Xinyan, LI Weihua, LI Ke, WANG Kang, CHEN Xiaoguang

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (1): 29-33. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0007

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Aiming at the problems such as grain and cotton competition for land, excessive labor and increasing labor costs in cotton production, a new early-maturing cotton variety ‘Xumian 608’ was bred by cross-breeding technology with ‘Lumian 19’ as female parent and ‘Xu Mian 266’ as male parent. ‘Xumian 608’ can meet the one year two-harvest planting system of wheat (garlic, oil) and cotton, and is suitable for mechanized harvesting. In the regional trial of new cotton varieties in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019, the growth period of ‘Xumian 608’ was 99 days, the lint percentage was 40.1%, and the lint yield of ginned cotton was 1221.0 kg/hm², which was 3.9% higher than that of the control ‘Zhong mian Suo 50’. The plant height was 87.5 cm and the first fruit branch height was 20.8 cm, which met the standard of machine-picked cotton plant type. The average length of the upper half part of the fiber was 28.1 mm, the specific breaking strength was 29.2 cN/tex, and the micronaire value was 5.1. In the production test of Jiangsu Province in 2020, the average lint yield was 1340.3 kg/hm², which was 10.5% higher than that of the control ‘Zhong mian Suo 50’. This variety was suitable for promoting and planting in the early-maturing cotton areas in Jiangsu Province, Yangtze River basin and Yellow River basin. It showed tolerance to wilt, verticillium and salt, resistant to bollworm and sensitivity to defoliating agents.

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Control Effect and Safety of Different Soil-applied Herbicides in Cotton Field

ZHANG Huachong, ZHAO Shuqi, YAN Zhenhua, DAI Baosheng, HUANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xin, LI Wei

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (1): 34-38. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0031

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In order to screen out suitable soil-applied herbicides in this area, the safety and weed control effects of seven soil-treated herbicides on cotton were compared and analyzed by using soil sealing treatment in field plot experiment. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the germination rate and first section of branch of ‘Gangmian No.11’ under different treatments compared with the control, but the fresh weight, plant height and the number of fruit branches increased, indicating that the soil-applied herbicides were safe for cotton. The results of field efficacy showed that 50% prometryn wettable powder (WP)+33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate (EC), 50% prometryn WP+960 g/L metolachlor EC and 50% prometryn WP+50% acetochlor EC had better control effects on grasses and leaved weeds. The average fresh weight control effect of 45 d was 83.32%, 84.08% and 80.57%, respectively, which were significantly different from that of single treatment, and the lasting time was longer. 50% prometryn WP+33% pendimethalin EC, 50% prometryn WP+960 g/L metolachlor EC and 50% prometryn WP+50% acetochlor EC are recommended to be used for weed control in cotton field.

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Study on the Critical Growth Period and Yield Dynamic Forecast of Cotton in Shihezi

SU Chaocheng, GE Yicheng, XIE Jiaying, XU Haoyi, WANG Xiaotian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (2): 102-106. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0078

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Cotton is one of the main economic crops in Xinjiang, and the dynamic forecast of cotton yield is of great significance for production safety. Using the daily meteorological data and cotton yield data of four ground meteorological reference stations in Shihezi area of Xinjiang from 1968 to 2020, and based on the integral regression method, the main meteorological factors and key periods of temperature, light and water affecting cotton production were analyzed with ten-day as the time scale during the whole growth period of cotton. The dynamic forecast models of cotton meteorological yield in Shihezi area in mid-July, mid-August and mid-September were established. The results showed that temperature had the greatest impact on cotton yield in Shihezi, Xinjiang. The seedling stage, flowering stage and initial stage of boll opening were the key temperature periods for cotton growth. The positive effects were significant at seedling stage and boll opening stage, while the negative effects were significant at flowering stage. The flowering stage was the key period of light for cotton growth, which had a positive effect on cotton yield. Shihezi area was an irrigated agricultural area, although the natural precipitation had a positive effect, the impact of precipitation on cotton yield was small. The dynamic forecast model established by the integral regression method was used to test the cotton yield in Shihezi region from 2018 to 2020, the results showed that the average accuracy rates in mid-July, mid-August and mid-September were 85.1%, 91.4% and 94.3%, respectively. The accuracy of the cotton meteorological yield dynamic forecast model based on integral regression method was higher as it approached the mature stage. It is feasible to use the principle of integral regression to dynamically forecast cotton yield. And it can be applied to cotton yield forecasting business, providing reference for local yield forecast.

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