Biotechnology

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The Influence of Different Soil Moisture Content on Growth and Physiological and Biochemical Characteristic of Feijo. sellowiana Berg Seedlings

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2012, 28 (16): 197-201. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-3852

Abstract + (8711) PDF (706509KB) (1904)

In order to select the best soil water content and study the tolerance of materials, 1-year Feijoa seedlings were treated with different soil moisture content (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) and normal management was taken as contrast. The author studied the characteristics of morphology and physiological and biochemical (POD and SOD), the option content of soil moisture on seedling growth was screening. The results showed that: all seedlings were grown in different soil water content. When the water content attained more than 80% ,seedlings appeared flooding stress and grown more fast, SOD and POD activities increased gradually with the stress time extending; When Lower than 20%, seedlings appeared drought stress, and their growth were retarded, meanwhile SOD and POD activities showed the trend of declining first and then increasing. The conclusion indicated that 40%-50% soil water content was the best for seedlings grown in this range. And the texting materials had the tolerance for different water content in a long time (within 50 days).

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The screening and identification of antagonistic bacteria against Penicillium expansum and the inhibitive effects of fermentation broth

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2010, 26 (5): 8-13. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2009-2249

Abstract + (8453) PDF (4247140KB) (8655)

Dozens of strains of bacteria were isolated from the surface of fruits and the soil, they were selected through the plate confrontation method and six strains which have good antagonistic effect are obtained, among them two strains named T3 and T8 which the fermentation broth showed a significant antagonistic effect to Penicillium expansum are found. The antifungal activity of fermentation broth of T3 and T8 are studied. The stability experiment show that after treatment with 100 ℃ and two proteases, the fermentation broth of T3 performs good antagonistic effect, while antagonistic effect of the fermentation broth of T8 decreases a lot. The antifungal activity of T3 and T8 reach almost highest level after 2 days growth. It is also found that BPA was the optical medium to T3 and PDA was the optical medium to T8. The fermentation broth of two strains can cause hyphae deformity of Penicillium expansum. According to their morphological, physiological, biochemical characters, and the analysis of the sequence of 16SrDNA,T3 and T8 were preliminary identified as Bacillus subtilis, two strains of the similarity between the gene sequence is 93.45%.

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The ABCDE Model of Floral Organ Development

Cong Nan, Cheng Zhijun, Wan Jianmin,

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2007, 23 (7): 124-124. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0707124

Abstract + (8413) PDF (180045KB) (2055)

The classical ABC model illustrated the molecular mechanism of floral development, and explained the floral organ mutants of homeotic gene. Then, the ABC model was expanded to ABCDE model based on the functions of these genes and proteins for floral organ. Recently, the quartet model was proposed in interaction of proteins. These provided an important theory for the network of floral development.

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Effects of Genotype and Ecological factors on Content of Aroma Components of Tobacco

Cheng Changxin, Lu Xiuping, Xu Zicheng, Huang Pingjun, Zhang Ting

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (11): 137-137. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0511137

Abstract + (8084)

Aromatic matter was the important factor of tobacco quality. Quality, volume and flavor of aroma were determined by ingredient, content, proportion and interaction of aromatic components. The phenotype of aromatic matter was controlled by both genetic and

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Study on the Functional Activity of Pineapple Polysaccharide in vitro

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Journal of Agriculture 2012, 2 (3): 50-53. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0598

Abstract + (6672) PDF (1178KB) (2909)

Pineapple polysaccharide was extracted from pineapple peel to discuss the antioxidant function of polysaccharide pineapple in vitro. Hot water extraction was used to extract polysaccharide pineapple. The ability of pineapple polysaccharide to scavenge free radicals was studied by using hydroxyl radicals system, superoxide anion system and polysaccharide reductive ability system. Results showed that, using salicylic acid colorimetry to determine the ability of pineapple polysaccharide to scavenge hydroxyl radicals, when the concentration was 12 mg/mL, the scavenge rate reached 90%. While using pyrogallol autoxidation method to determine the ability of pineapple polysaccharide to scavenge the superoxide anion, when the concentration was 6 mg/mL, the clearance of super oxide anion reaches 80%. The reductive ability of pineapple polysaccharide was enhanced with its concentration was increased, and there was a good concentration-response relationship between the concentration and reductive ability.

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Application of Tea Polyphenols

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (2): 44-48. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0134

Abstract + (6309) PDF (928KB) (3870)

Tea polyphenol is one of the characteristic ingredients in tea, which is about 20%-30% of the total quantity of dry matter. Because of tea polyphenol contains multiple active hydroxyl, which makes it has multiple health care functions such as: antioxidation, anti-aging, sterilize, prevent old cardio-cerebral diseases, which had become the hot spot in medicine, food, the development of animal husbandry etc, and had developed hot tea polyphenols tablet, capsule, weight loss products, beauty products, etc. The antioxidant, sterilizing and anti-aging of activity tea polyphenol so strong that could act as antioxidants in cereals, oils and foodstuffs, aquatic products, meat products, the convenient food had good application aspects. And it also could rise to fight bacterium diminish inflammation, reduce weight, step-down, such as effectiveness could in medicine, hairdressing, etc widely applied. At the same time, it also could use in chemical industry, animal husbandry, etc.

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Breeding of Transgenic Hybrid Cotton Variety‘Yumian 50’and Cultivation Technologies

Journal of Agriculture 2017, 7 (4): 1-4. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16100024

Abstract + (6225) PDF (1107KB) (887)

The middle-early-maturing new cotton variety‘Yumian 50’was bred by the Institute of Industrial Crops, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It was examined and approved by Henan Evaluation Committee of Crop Variety in 2016 (Evaluation code: Yushenmian 2016002). In order to study the variety characteristics of‘Yumian 50’and the key points of its cultivation technology, and accelerate its application in cotton production, the breeding process of‘Yumian 50’was described in this paper. The test data of 26 times for three years of‘Yumian 50’participating in Henan regional tests in 2012-2014 were concluded. The results showed that‘Yumian 50’had outstanding performance in Henan regional tests, it was a new cotton variety with high-yield, good quality and disease-pest resistant characteristics.

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Analysis of SUSIRI Gene from Rice by Bioinformatics and Subcellular Localization

Lian Xiaohua and Chen Jian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (6): 128-135. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110097

Abstract + (6117) PDF (1114KB) (10688)

Transcription factors are a kind of proteins that play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development, as well as in plant response to environmental variation. They usually contain a DNA-binding domain, a transcription regulation domain, an oligomerization site and a nuclear localization signal inside their DNA sequence. WRKY proteins had been identified as one of the important transcription factors in plants. There have been 103 WRKY genes which were predicted in rice genome by data mining and the annotation of the biological function of these genes had the important value for the functional genomics of rice. SUSIRI gene was one of the WRKY transcription factor genes cloned from the Oryza sativa sub. Japonica var. Nipponbare and its ORF was 1755 bp long, encoding a polypeptide of 584 amino acids with two typical WRKY domains. In this study, based on nucleotide sequence of the SUSIRI gene, its biological function in gene regulation in rice had been further elucidated. Firstly, the structure and functions of the predicted protein were analyzed by bioinformatics tools while the Motif sequence of SUSIRI gene was analyzed by using EBI interpro database, the conserved domains of the protein was analyzed by NCBI CDD database; the hydrophilicity (hydrophobicity) of amino acid residues and the transmembrane domains of SUSIRI protein were analyzed by DNAMAN and CBS TMHMM. By using CBS Protcomp version 9.0 and Protfun software, the subcellular localization and function of protein were predicted. Secondly, the fluorescence expression vector of pNSUGFP driven by actin promoter was constructed by fusing the SUSIRI gene and GFP gene and was used to transform into epidermis cell of onion by Gene gun for detecting gene subcellular location. The prediction from bioinformatics showed that the SUSIRI gene had the greatest probability in function of transcription, transcription regulation or signal transduction in the rice cell with the value in prediction of 0.973, 1.598 and 0.602. Similarly, it had the greatest probability in participation of translation, central intermediary metabolism, fatty acid metabolism with the predicted value of 4.800, 1.490 and 1.265. Because of high content of hydrophilic amino acid residues among peptide sequences, the SUSIRI protein had hardly inserted into the membrane in the cell when it was likely to be localized within the cell nucleus since the strong nucleus location signal was detected from the sequence of amino acids. By using the fluorescence microscopy to observe the onion epidermic cells, the GFP protein was shown to express along the cell wall in the control, but the fused protein of SUSIRI-GFP expressed strongly in the cell nucleus. The result indicated that the SUSIRI gene was likely to be the transcription factor regulating the intermediary metabolism in rice and playing the role during the gene transcription. SUSIRI protein could be localized in nucleolus which is an obvious feature of transcription factor of SUSIRI gene determined by the experiment.

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Progress of Study on Salicylic Acid’s Physiological Role in Plant

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2010, 26 (15): 207-214. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-0170

Abstract + (5782) PDF (634899KB) (6109)

Salicylic acid is one of the ubiquitously endogenous signal molecules in plant, which has been recognized as a kind of hormones, and has great physiological function such as disease resistance, low temperature resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, ultraviolet radiation resistance, fruit maturity, gardening product preservation and so on. This article summarized the recent research progress of salicylic acid (SA)’s physiological effects on plants.

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Optimization of Western Blot Condition for Detection of Protein Expression in Rabbit Artery

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (4): 52-56. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0382

Abstract + (5756) PDF (3007KB) (4117)

Western blot is the most important method on studying and analyzing protein. Because it contains many steps, high background, unspecific bands, streaking and so on are the common problems in Western blot, which will influence the subsequent detection and quantitation of protein. To establish the best experiment condition for detection of protein expression in rabbit artery, VCAM-1(vascular cell adhension molecule-1) was detected. A rapid, specific and sensitive procedure has been successfully established, through optimizing several conditions which include SDS-PAGE, antibody dilution, temperature and time for antibody incubation, detection methods and so on. Also, three kinds of detection methods were used which contain DAB, enhanced chemilluminescence (ECL) with exposure captured on X-ray film or with cooled charged-coupled device (CCD) cameras. The sensitivity of three methods was compared. The results indicated that ECL has sensitivity 2-10 times that of DAB, and CCD cameras have 4 times sensitivity of X-ray and a more precise procedure. So, ECL-CCD cameras is a promising detection method of Western blot.

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Polyphenol Oxidase in Plants

Dai Li, Gong Changrong, Shi Lin, Chen Fujun, Gong Peizhi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2007, 23 (6): 312-312. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0706312

Abstract + (5062) PDF (149927KB) (587)

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a ubiquitous copper metalloprotein in many plants, PPO is encoded by multiple nucleicgenes, synthesized in cytoplasm , transferred into plastids in some forms , and then they become of enzyme activity. It is believed to be the primary factor for the quality of many crops. In this article, the research advances on existence, localization, molecular structure, physiological function, expression and regulation of Polyphenol Oxidase.

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Study on Identification and Fermentation Condition of the Strain ZY-19-2 which Inhibit to Tobacco Black Shank

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2011, 27 (7): 257-261. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1874

Abstract + (5008) PDF (1161994KB) (5166)

Tobacco black shank is one of the most serious diseases of tobacco. People mainly adopt integrated management to the disease like, breeding for resistance varieties, agro-protection, chemical control, biological control and plant induced resistance in production of tobacco. Biological control is the best way against the disease for tobacco. The strain ZY-19-2 was isolated and screened from rhizosphere of tobacco, which demonstrated high inhibitory to tobacco black shank. In order to appraise its value, we identified the strain and studied its activity of Chitinase in different culture conditions. The results indicated that the stain ZY-19-2 was Paecilomyces lilacinus, which showed strongly inhibition action to parasitica Phytophthroa Dast var. nicotianae and the highest activity of Chitinase was 0.216 U/mL using 1.2% chitin as carbons source in the medium and the initial pH of fermentation fluid was 6.0, with 1% peptone as nitrogen, 0.1% Tween-80 as a surfactant, fermentation time being 60 h, rotation speed of 120 min. The strain ZY-19-2 was optimized in culture different conditions, which established foundation on producing highly effective Chitinase and chitooligosaccarides and controlling tobacco black shank.

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Effect of Waterlogging Degree on Cotton Seedling Growth and Physiological Change

郑曙峰,王维,刘小玲,吴文革,陈敏 and 阚画春

Journal of Agriculture 2016, 6 (2): 33-38. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110014

Abstract + (4927) PDF (1394KB) (4436)

In order to clarify the adaptability of cotton after waterlogging stres. cotton morphology, production and physiological changes at the seedling stage under different flooding degree were studied by using a pot experiment. The results showed that after flooding, cotton production, the rate of bolls per plant, boll weight, plant height, number of leaves and dry matter accumulation of per plant reduced, while Lint percentage did not change; with the flooding time increasing, various indicators continued reducing. after flooding 20d, leaf SPAD value declined rapidly, cotton lint yield decreased by more than 80%, even total crop failure. Overall, flooding 15d could be considered the critical time of cotton to adapt waterlogging stress during seedling stage , so cotton can resuming growing through cultural technique measure before the critical time.

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Analysis of Agro-meteorological Factors Causing Apple Florescence Freezing in Zepu

ABASI Kerimu, MENG Fanxue, KUDERETI Rehanguli, WANG Jun, LI Huimin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2023, 39 (36): 97-101. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1030

Abstract + (4891) HTML (2303) PDF (1210KB) (13896)

Low temperature and freeze injury is one of three major disasters that endanger the development of fruit trees in Xinjiang. The daily meteorological data during 1991 to 2022 from meteorological station of Zepu and investigation data about freezing injury of apple florescence in recently years were used to analyze the cause of freezing injury. The results showed that: from 1991 to 2022, the apple flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering were ahead of time by 2.0 to 5.1 d/10 a; apple florescence freezing damage was significant when the temperature dropped suddenly in flowering period, the lowest temperature reached -2.0℃, and the duration below 0℃ was 0.5 h; the dominant disaster-causing factors included the maximum diurnal range of temperature (no less than 22℃), the extreme minimum temperature (no more than -2℃), the spring cold weather, severe cooling, long duration, precipitation weather with dust weather (sandstorm, sand-blowing and floating dust) and severe wind. After freezing injury, the soluble solids content and other indicators of apple decreased to different extents. Freezing injury in apple flowering period affected the quality of apple. It will be of great scientific significance and application value to study on the freezing damage in flowering period of Fuji apple in Zepu apple producing area.

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Analysis on the Bioinformatics of Chalcone Synthetase Gene in Petunia hybrida Vilm.

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (2): 34-39. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0248

Abstract + (4390) PDF (954KB) (2842)

To study the homology and evolutionary relations among CHS (chalcone synthase) genes, CHS gene in Petunia hybrida, Vilm. was took as explants material, base distribution, amino acids composition, prediction of hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity, and multiple alignments with other 10 species were analyzed by the software and bioinformatics web site. The results showed that the mRNA single sequence contained 1170 bp base, the number of amino acids encoding protein was 389 and its relative molecular mass was 42580.02, Leucine achieved the highest content of 10.80%, hydrophobic maximum value was 2.038, hydrophobic minimum value was -2.208, and no obvious hydrophilic or hydrophobic area. The homology of multiple alignment of the amino acid sequence for CHS genes in 11 species achieved 80.55%. The results showed that the genes were in a stable state, encoded proteins were hydrophilic protein, and the evolutionary process was conservative. The conservative sequence information achieved in these CHS genes laid a foundation for other new CHS gene cloning.

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Research Process of Soil Enzymes Effect on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle in Agricultural Ecosystem

Bian Xuelian,Zhao Wenlei,Yue Zhonghui,Wang Huiyi,Jiao Hao and Sui Haixia

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2016, 32 (4): 171-178. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090077

Abstract + (4140) PDF (681KB) (1025)

The paper aims to analyze research progresses of soil enzymes in China and abroad, and summarize the role of soil enzymes in carbon and nitrogen cycle in agricultural ecosystem, in order to provide reference for agricultural production. Soil enzyme is a kind of protein that could catalyze biochemical reactions. It plays an active role in catalyzing non-exclusive organic substances, organic substances and certain mineral compounds into a variety of nutrient substances and some useful elements that could promote the growth of vegetation, and has an active effect on the development of agricultural ecosystem. At present, soil enzymes have been used as important indicators of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle, and the process of nutrient cycle in soil could be reflected by the change of enzyme activities.

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CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing System and Its Progress in Plants

Zhao Xin and Hu Jun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (12): 187-192. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120051

Abstract + (4085) PDF (1194KB) (1050)

Targeted gene editing system is a kind of tool to study the functions of plant genes. In this system, the cloning strategy of CRISPR/Cas gene editing system is relatively simple and the cost is low, thus it has drawn widespread attention in biology. In order to study the system in plant better, the author introduced the basic structure and the mechanism of the system, summarized research reports on the system in plants like Arabidopsis, tobacco, rice and so on, analyzed problems of the system that needs to be improved, such as off-target effects, and discussed several solutions, including optimizing sgRNA sequence length, using double Cas9 nickases, synthesizing fCas9 complex and applying RFNs dimers, to reduce off-target effects.

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Plants AUX/IAA Gene Family: Research Progress

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2018, 34 (15): 89-92. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010021

Abstract + (4004)

Aux/IAA genes, are classified as early auxin response genes, it encodes the protein that can modulate the expression of auxin-response genes by interacting with auxin response factors, thus play a central role in auxin signal transduction of plants. In order to further study the molecular mechanism of auxin signal transduction, this paper introduced the recent advances in the structural characteristics, tissue expression specificity , and biology functions in plants growth and development of Aux/IAA genes, to provide the basis for improving the application value of Aux / IAA genes and modifying species at the molecular level.

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Genomic DNA Extraction of Three Kinds of Fruit Flies and their ISSR-PCR Reaction System Establishment

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (3): 22-28. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0310

Abstract + (3743) PDF (1877KB) (2022)

The author took three kinds of fruit flies for materials, discussed the extraction of genomic DNA with high quality, studied on the effect of template DNA concentration, primer concentration, the amount of Taq DNA polymerase, dNTP concentration, annealing temperature and time on ISSR-PCR amplified results, established fruit flies’ general and stable ISSR-PCR reaction system. The result showed that the author obtained the fruit flies’ genomic DNA with high quality, established fruit flies’ general and stable ISSR-PCR reaction system that adapt to fruit flies: 2.5 μL 10×PCR Buffer, 50ng template DNA, 0.25 μmol/L primer, 0.5 U Taq DNA polymerase, 200 μmol/L dNTP and add ddH2O to 25 μL, made clear the ISSR-PCR amplification program: pre-denaturalized at 94℃ for 5 min, denaturalized at 94℃ for 30 s, annealed at 52.4℃ for 45 s, extended at 72℃ for 90 s, 36 cycles, at last extended at 72℃ for 7 min, then conserved at 4℃. The establishment of optimized system made up for the shortage of fruit flies’ traditional morphology observation, and laid a foundation for fast and accurate identification, population heterogeneity and analysis of genetic diversity.

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Comparing Study on several Methods for DNA Extraction from endophytic fungi

Wu Fahong, Huang Dongyi, Huang Xiaolong, Zhou Xin, Cheng Wenjie

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (8): 62-64. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2009-0284

Abstract + (3683) PDF (721300KB) (4100)

In this study, three different methods were used to extract DNA from endophytic fungi: CTAB,SDS and the improved CTAB. Quality and quantity of the extracted DNA were compared for the there methods. The results showed that all of the there methods could obtain the DNA, but the improved CTAB could obtain the highest quantity of the purest fungal DNA. The purest DNA were amplified by PCR .The clear and singal gel fragment showed that the extracted DNA could usde for the other biological experiments.

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