Biotechnology

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Grain-related Traits in Maize: Genome-wide Association Analysis and Candidate Gene Prediction

CHEN Xinyi, LIU Chenyan, HUA Mingzhu, XU Xin, FENG Wenxiang, WANG Baohua, FANG Hui

Journal of Agriculture 2024, 14 (4): 26-36. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0092

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To explore the natural variations in regulating the maize kernel development and to assist in the genetic improvement of maize yield traits, in this study, 150 maize inbred lines with rich genetic variations were selected as materials for investigation. Combining 34,342 SNP markers and three models, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted on five grain-related traits. The results revealed that a total of 18 independent loci were significantly associated with the target traits, with each locus accounting for 12.24% to 15.41% of the phenotypic variations. Additionally, significant epistatic interactions were identified among four pairs of SNPs associated with kernel length, collectively explaining 5.32% of the phenotypic variations. By integrating the dynamic transcriptome data of kernel development in the B73 inbred line and functional annotations of genes, 19 candidate genes were predicted and classified into four categories: 6 enzymes, 3 ribosomal proteins, 1 transcription factor, and 9 other proteins. These candidate genes provide new genetic resources for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of maize kernel development and enhancing maize kernel size and yield. Through this research, we have not only uncovered the natural variations that regulate the development of corn kernels but also provided new genetic resources for the genetic improvement of corn yield traits. These findings are expected to bring new breakthroughs in corn breeding efforts, enhance corn production, and thereby better meet human needs for food.

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Effects of Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Rice Yield and Nutrient Utilization in Western Guangdong

HE Guohe, CHEN Haibin, DU Jianjun, ZHANG Weili, GUO Lihua, HU Yibo, YAN Zhaohua, ZHANG Jing

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 1-8. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0369

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To solve the problems of excessive application of chemical fertilizer, low crop nutrient utilization efficiency and high risks of non-point source pollution in rice production, the impacts of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer on nutrient absorption, partial productivity of fertilizer, nutrient balance and rice yield were studied. The optimum management practices were identified in this study, which provided a theoretical basis for reducing fertilizer use, increasing use efficiency and improving soil fertility. A field experiment was carried out in the early rice growing season of western Guangdong in 2021. Four local recommended fertilization methods were tested, including optimized fertilization treatment (OPT), and reducing the rate of farmers’ conventional fertilizer application by 10%, 20% and 30% while applying organic fertilizer denote as OM1, OM2, and OM3 treatment, respectively. The results showed that the grain yield and grain-to-straw ratio varied from 5667-5967 kg/hm² and 1.09-1.31, respectively. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer were 30.4-47.2, 96.0-122.1 and 47.2-105.9 kg/kg, respectively. The apparent balance of N, P and K were 54.2-115.3, 17.1-29.8 and 1.2-67.0 kg/hm², respectively. All of them were in a surplus state. In the treatments of organic fertilizer application, the rice grain yields, ratios of grain to stem, N, P, K fertilizer partial productivity, P absorption rate and K absorption rate increased along with the decrease of synthetic fertilizer application rate, while the apparent balance of N, P and K decreased. The straw K content and K partial factor productivity of each organic fertilizer substitution treatment were significantly higher than those of OPT treatment (P<0.05). Compared with farmers’ conventional fertilizer application, OPT, OM1, OM2 and OM3 treatments could maintain the paddy yield, and improve the ratio of grain to stem, the P content and K contents of grain and straw. Considering the ratio of grain to stem, P and K partial productivity, OM3 treatment was identified as optimum management practice. While considering the partial productivity of N fertilizer, N absorption rate, N surplus rate in soil and output-input ratio, OPT treatment was identified as optimum management practice.

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Identification of Actinomyces 4-1 and Study on Bacteriostasis and Stability of Its Fermentation Broth

GUO Yuhao, LIU Shaobo, GE Jingping, PING Wenxiang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 117-123. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0135

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In order to explore the bacteria resources of saline-alkali soil and test their antibacterial function, actinomycete 4-1 was isolated and used as the original strain. Combined with morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical indicators, as well as molecular biology techniques, the species status of 4-1 was comprehensively identified, while the antibacterial activity and stability of its fermentation broth were evaluated using agar diffusion method and mycelial growth rate inhibition method. The results showed that strain 4-1 showed the highest similarity to Streptomyces puniceus, with a homology of 99.93%, and the constructed phylogenetic tree showed that they were most closely related. The fermentation broth of strain 4-1 had a wide range of antibacterial spectrum and showed certain inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria (6 strains) and pathogenic fungi (5 strains). The stability of the fermentation broth was minimally affected by acidity, alkalinity, heat, or ultraviolet radiation. However, the antibacterial activity of the fermentation broth decreased when the temperature exceeded 90℃ or the pH was below 4. The availability and functional evaluation of this strain laid a foundation for further expanding rhizosphere growth-promoting bacteria resources and applications.

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A Bioinformatics Study on Key Enzymes Involved in Tyrosine Metabolism in Beet

YANG Jiaqi, HAN Guangyuan, LIU Naixin, ZHOU Qin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 124-131. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0115

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To understand the characteristics and evolutionary relationships of key enzymes involved in the tyrosine metabolism pathway in sugar beets, taking plants such as sugar beet, spinach, and soybean as experimental materials, sequence information of five key enzymes in the tyrosine metabolism pathway (PPO, TAT, TYDC, HPPD, HPPR) was collected using the NCBI database. The physicochemical properties of the key enzymes were analyzed using ExPASy-ProtParam software and MEGA-7 software, their sequence similarities and evolutionary distances were compared, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The analysis of physicochemical properties showed that all five key enzymes in the tyrosine metabolism pathway of sugar beet were unstable hydrophilic proteins, and the number of amino acids in sugar beet PPO was the highest; the phylogenetic tree analysis results showed that there was high similarity in PPO and HPPD between sugar beet and spinach; beets had high similarity with TAT of soybeans, TYDC of potatoes, and HPPR of barley, respectively. This study provided a reference for other crops to explore the key enzyme function of sugar beet tyrosine metabolism pathway and laid a foundation for further research on sugar beet genomics.

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Molecular Mechanism of Heat Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review

JIANG Shan, WU Longying, ZHAO Baosheng, HUANG Jiahui, JIANG Yuzhe, JIAO Yuan, HUANG Jin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 132-138. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0544

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With the increase of global temperature, heat stress has emerged as one of the major factors affecting plant growth and development. The substantial losses caused by heat, particularly for staple crops like rice, pose a significant impact on economic benefits. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying plant response to heat stress, the adverse effects of heat stress on the morphology, physiology, biochemistry and photosynthesis have been presented. Furthermore, the three molecular mechanisms employed by plants to cope with heat stress, including signal transduction pathways, transcriptional factor regulatory networks and the expression of heat-resistance related genes have been introduced as well. Based on these insights, this review suggests that bioinformatics, genetic engineering, cell biology and molecular biology may be further employed as tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat stress in plants. At last, this review offers a prospective outlook on future research directions in this field.

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Genetic Diversities of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in China: Analysis with MLST Technology

LIN Fanli, PENG Jianfei, DENG Zezheng, GUO Lulu, YAO Tingshan, MA Haoyue, MA Guanhua

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 139-144. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0033

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The objectives of this study were to clarify the multi locus sequence typing (MLST) of tobacco wildfire pathogen, and provide strong technical support for formulating effective control measures and breeding varieties, and a new perspective for biological characteristics study of the pathogen. Wildfire disease samples were collected from five tobacco production areas in Hunan, Chongqing and other provinces (Municipalities). And then tissue isolation and identification were carried out. MLST typing was applied to screen housekeeping gene, and the genetic diversity of the tested strains was analyzed. The results showed that 144 strains of tobacco wildfire pathogen were isolated from five tobacco producing provinces (Municipalities). Three housekeeping gene, Pgi, Pfk, and Gap were screened, and a total of 92 ST genotypes were obtained. Using the Pgi gene as the standard, the tested strains could be divided into 5 subgroups, 4 single groups, with a large number of subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 strains. The subgroup 1 strains came from 5 tobacco producing provinces (Municipalities), and ST43 of this subgroup belonged to the main population in China. It indicated that the genetic polymorphism of tobacco wildfire pathogens in China was rich, and there was no correlation between tobacco varieties and pathogen groups.

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Antibacterial Activities of Litter Fungus Neocucurbitaria salicis-albae and Its Metabolite

LIU Yao, ZHAO Wuchao, YANG Xiao, KOU Yuxin, DU Tingting, CHEN Xiuqing, QIN Mengfei, XU Lijian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 145-149. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0037

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This study focuses on discovering the antimicrobial fungal resources from forest litter fungi, screening out and identifying the fungal strains with antimicrobial activities, and isolating and purifying their antimicrobial compounds. The forest litter from the Greater Hinggan Mountains was selected as test materials, then the fungi were isolated by particle separation method, the taxonomic data were measured by gene sequence comparison, the antibacterial activity was measured by well diffusion method, the monomeric compounds were isolated by column chromatography, and the chemical structure was determined by spectral analysis. Fungal strain SGSF801 was isolated and identified as a new strain of Neocucurbitaria salicis-albae by multiple sequence analysis. The results of the antimicrobial assay showed that the rice fermentation products had strong antimicrobial activities against plant pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syringae and Rhizoctonia solani. The product of fungal rice fermentation was isolated and purified to obtain a monomeric compound, which was identified as Cercosporamide by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR, and its molecular formula was C₁₆H₁₃NO₇. Its MIC values were 31.25-62.5 μg/mL for Ralstonia solanacearum and 125-250 μg/mL for Pseudomonas syringae. In this study, Cercosporamide was isolated from fungal genus Neocucurbitaria for the first time, and it was found to have antibacterial activities against plant pathogens, which provided a basis for further utilization of litter fungi resources.

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Research Progress on Insect Cold Acclimation and Its Mechanism

LIANG Xinqi, TANG Siqiong, SU Jie, ZHANG Jianping

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 150-156. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0382

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The cold acclimation can improve the cold tolerance of insect significantly. This article reviewed the methods of insect cold acclimation and the biological indicators for cold tolerance, the biotic factors (insect development stage, gender and diapause) and abiotic factors (temperature, photoperiod, humidity, etc.) that affect the cold acclimation of insect were analyzed. Then, the impact of cold acclimation on insect in terms of growth and development, reproductive capacity and offspring was clarified. Furthermore, the mechanism of improving insect cold tolerance through cold acclimation was explored from the perspectives of cold resistance related proteins and metabolic regulation. It is expected to provide reference for the deep study of cold acclimation and cold storage techniques of insects, in order to promote the utilization of natural enemies and pest control.

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Establishment of Evaluation Model for Eating Quality of Waxy Corn

CHENG Yujing, WANG Xiaoqiu, GE Lijiao, QIU Liang, ZHAI Caijiao, SONG Xudong, ZHANG Zhenliang, WANG Ximeng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 157-164. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0121

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The aims were to evaluate the eating quality difference of different waxy corn varieties, and screen the germplasm of waxy corn with excellent eating quality. In this study, 19 fresh waxy corn varieties from different sources were used as experimental materials, 17 eating quality traits included peel traits, grain water content, soluble sugar content, starch viscosity RVA characteristic values, and starch content were determined in 19 fresh waxy corn varieties. Variation analysis, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for eating quality of waxy corn and screen the waxy corn varieties with excellent eating quality. The results showed that starch viscosity RVE characteristic values, such as peak viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and consistence viscosity among 19 waxy corn varieties had large coefficient of variation, significant correlation with each other, and occupied a high load in principal component 1, which could better reflect the difference of eating quality of waxy corn. The comprehensive score values of 19 waxy corn varieties showed that ‘YN811’ ‘291’ and ‘Jingnuo 832’ had higher principal component comprehensive scores and taste scores. In conclusion, the starch viscosity RVE characteristic values, such as peak viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity, and consistence viscosity, are the key evaluation indexes for identifying the eating quality of waxy corn. ‘YN811’ ‘291’ and ‘Jingnuo 832’ are the high-quality waxy corn varieties with better eating quality.

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Analysis of Yield and Quality Traits of New Weak-Gluten Wheat Cultivar ‘Ningmai 36’

YAO Jinbao, YANG Xueming, ZHANG Peng, FAN Xiangyun, YU Guihong, HE Yi, WANG Huadun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 20-24. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0356

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To further understand the production characteristics and applicable value of the new wheat variety ‘Ningmai 36’, its yield potential, yield stability and adaptability as well as quality traits closely related to the weak-gluten wheat were analyzed. The trial data were obtained from the regional tests and production tests of wheat varieties in Huainan wheat consortium of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences consisted of institutions and enterprises during 2019-2022, and the quality tests conducted in the breeding base of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2021-2022, with ‘Yangmai20’ as a check variety. The results showed that the average yield of ‘Ningmai 36’ increased by 4.02%, 5.60% and 5.99% respectively compared with the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’ during 2019-2022 yield tests, and the yield increase reached a very significant level. The high stability coefficient (HSC) and fitness of ‘Ningmai 36’ were significantly higher than that of check variety ‘Yangmai 20’. The quality indexes of ‘Ningmai 36’ tested in the 2020 regional trial were all up to (GB/T17893-1999) and (GB/T17320-1998) standard for weak-gluten wheat. The four solvent retention capacities (SRC) of ‘Ningmai 36’ were lower than that of the check variety ‘Yangmai 20’, and the cookie diameter of ‘Ningmai 36’ was 0.91 cm larger than that of ‘Yangmai 20’. ‘Ningmai 36’ with high yielding-potential, good stability, broad adaptability and better weak-gluten quality has a wide application prospect in the Huainan area of Jiangsu Province.

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Effect of Sowing Date, Planting Density and Nitrogen Application on Population Structure and Grain Quality of ‘Weimai 9’

LI Qian, ZHANG Yangli, YAN Miaomiao, HAO Shuangkui, NIE Song, SUN Jie, CAO Sanchao, WANG Na

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 25-29. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0489

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To explore the effects of sowing date, planting density and nitrogen application on population structure and grain quality of high-quality wheat variety ‘Weimai 9’, a split-plot and randomized block design was adopted in the field from 2021 to 2022. The nitrogen application rates were 210 kg/hm² (A₁), 105 kg/hm² (A₂) and 0 kg/hm² (A₃), and the sowing dates were October 2 (B₁), October 18 (B₂) and October 27 (B₃), the seeding rates were 180×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₁), 270×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₂) and 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm² (C₃). The results showed that the effect of nitrogen application rate on yield was not significant, but the effect of sowing date and planting density on yield was significant. On October 18, seeding rates of 270×10⁴ seedlings/hm² and 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm² of ‘Weimai 9’ could reach a reasonable population structure, so as to achieve high yield level. When the amount of nitrogen application was 105 kg/hm², the sowing date was October 18, and the seeding rate was 360×10⁴ seedlings/hm², the yield was the highest. Under the same fertilization and sowing rate levels, the quality of sowing date of October 2 was the best, which reached the standard of (medium) strong gluten wheat except the maximum tensile resistance. The results of this experiment showed that the highest yield of ‘Weimai 9’ could be obtained by sowing at an appropriate time, and early sowing at the right time could improve its quality traits.

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CMS with High Linolenic Acid Content in Brassica napus L.: Rapid Breeding Method and Effect

ZHANG Yaowen, DONG Yuhong, GUAN Zhoubo, WEI Shihao, LI Dianrong, LI Shaoqin, LIANG Fengzhi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 30-36. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0332

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In order to speed up the cross breeding process of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content, taking the rapeseed germplasm with high linolenic acid content as experimental materials, the CMS and its corresponding maintainer lines of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content were breed by using the rapid breeding method. The results showed that the breeding period was shortened from 5 to 6 years to 4 years, the linolenic acid content was increased from 11.85% to 16.96%, the oil content was increased from 45.0% to 48.8%, and the linolenic acid output per plant was increased from 0.98 g to 1.53 g. Compared with the original CMS (SHAAN6A), the oil content, the yield per plant, the linolenic acid content, the outcrossing seed coefficient and the linolenic acid yield per plant of "YM-1A" were increased by 8.45%, 4.49%, 59.43%, 12.8% and 80.65%, respectively, the coefficient of self-seed setting was decreased by 56.86%. Because the sterility, agronomy, quality and other traits had been significantly improved, YM-1A had the higher utilization value in cross breeding of Brassica napus L. with high linolenic acid content.

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Study on Curing Characteristics of ‘YY021’ and Its Heterosis

SUN Jiping, WANG Yale, LI Lihua, LI Xuejun, LV Wenjun, SUN Huan

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 42-47. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0393

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In order to study the curing characteristics and advantages of ‘YY021’, ‘YY021’ and its dam ‘MSY106’ and male parent ‘LY1306’ were used as test materials, and the yellowing and browning characteristics of the upper, middle and lower parts were studied by dark box test, and the water loss characteristics, chlorophyll degradation characteristics and polyphenol oxidase activity changes of the middle tobacco leaves were studied by electric oven test, and the hybrid advantages of easy curing and roast resistant of ‘YY021’ were evaluated. The results showed that the yellowing rate of the upper, middle and lower leaves was ‘YY021’>‘LY1306’>‘MSY106’, the browning rate of the lower and middle tobacco leaves was ‘LY1306’>‘MSY106’>‘YY021’, and the browning rate of the upper tobacco leaves was ‘LY1306’>‘YY021’>‘MSY106’. The yellowing index and browning index of ‘YY021’ and its parents decreased with the rise of leaf position. The balance of water loss in the middle tobacco leaves showed that ‘LY1306’ was significantly higher than ‘MSY106’, and ‘YY021’ was in the middle of the parents, which had the advantage of middle parenthood. The degradation rate of chlorophyll in the middle of ‘YY021’ was not significantly different from that of the parents, and there was no heterogeneous advantage. The average PPO activity of central leaves was ‘MSY106’>‘YY021’>‘LY1306’, with significant differences between varieties, and ‘YY021’ had the advantage of mesokinship. Based on the above indicators and production performance, the middle tobacco leaf of ‘YY021’ had medium easy curing potential and endurable curing potential, with the advantage of mesokinship, and no super-parent advantage.

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Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer and Microbial Agent on Tomato Yield and Soil Microbial and Enzyme Activities

ZHENG Jianchao, LI Ming, DONG Fei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 48-54. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0367

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The effects of different chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and biological agents on tomato yield, soil microbial and enzyme activities were studied to provide scientific basis for the feasibility of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with organic fertilizer and biological agents and the reduction of fertilizer and efficiency in tomato planting. Six treatments were set up in the experiment, which were CK: blank control (no fertilization); CF: single application of chemical fertilizer; RF₁: 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 20% organic fertilizer; RF₂: 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with 40% application of organic fertilizer; RFM₁: chemical fertilizer reduction 20% with organic fertilizer 20% + biological agent; RFM₂: 40% chemical fertilizer reduction combined with 40% organic fertilizer + biological agent. The results showed that the number of bacteria in tomato rhizosphere soil increased by 53.05%-134.15%, the number of actinomycetes increased by 13.94%-26.55%, and the number of fungi decreased by 20.32%-37.92%, and increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application. The application of biological agents corresponding to the reduction of chemical fertilizer significantly increased the values of soil bacteria/fungi and actinomycetes/fungi. The activities of urease, sucrase and catalase increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application. The reduction of chemical fertilizer treatment corresponding to the increase of biological agent treatment significantly reduced the organic acid content of tomato, and increased the content of soluble solids, Vc and lycopene. The yield of RF₁, RF₂, RFM₁ and RFM₂ increased by 4.40%, 6.55%, 8.13% and 0.81 % compared with CF. The fruit number per plant, fruit weight and yield of RFM₁ were higher. In summary, the combined application of organic fertilizer and biological agents could change soil enzyme activity and effective nutrient content by improving the number and structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, optimize the rhizosphere environment, promote plant growth and development, and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and improving quality. Considering the number and structure of soil microorganisms, enzyme activity, yield and quality, it is more suitable to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer by 20 % in greenhouse tomato cultivation with organic fertilizer and biological agent.

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Recommendation of Appropriate Phosphorus Application Rate for Lettuce in Vegetable Fields with Different Phosphorus Levels

LIU Yu, YAN Shi, ZHAO Kaili, YU Yueyue, HAN Bao, ZHANG Jing, GUO Ning

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 55-59. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0374

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In this study, lettuce was used as experimental material, the effects of different phosphorus application rates on yield, quality, soil available phosphorus content and agronomic efficiency of vegetable fields with high, middle and low phosphorus levels were studied by using the method of plot experiment. The results showed that the yield of lettuce of high phosphorus vegetable fields was the highest when the phosphorus application rate (P₂O₅) was 36.54 kg/hm². When 54.91 kg/hm² phosphorus (P₂O₅) was applied on medium phosphorus vegetable field, the yield of lettuce was the highest, the content of nitrate was lower, the content of vitamin C increased, and the content of soil available P was significantly increased. When 91.35 kg/hm² phosphorus (P₂O₅) was applied on low phosphorus vegetable field, the yield of lettuce was the highest and the content of nitrate was decreased. The agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer decreased with the increase of soil phosphorus content and phosphorus application amount. Therefore, applying no phosphate fertilizer or little phosphate fertilizer on high phosphorus vegetable fields, combining medium phosphorus vegetable fields with medium phosphate fertilizer, and low phosphorus vegetable fields with high phosphate fertilizer were effective measures to improve the yield, quality and agronomic efficiency of nodular lettuce.

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Effect of Alginic Acid Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry

FAN Shanshan, CHEN Juan, WU Changchun, WANG Rui, ZHANG Xingang, CHEN Xiaohui, GAO Fei, WU Wenqiang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 60-65. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0465

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The primary objective of this study was to screen the most effective alginate acid fertilizers for enhancing strawberry production in the suburban areas of Beijing. To conduct this research, the ‘Hongyan’ variety of strawberries and commonly used alginic acid fertilizers were specifically chosen as experimental materials. Field trials were meticulously carried out to evaluate the impact of alginic acid fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of strawberries. Compared to the CK group (water control treatment), the application of diverse alginate acid fertilizer treatments could promote the growth of strawberry plants. The T₂ treatment (Haizaojing alginic acid fertilizer treatment) consistently exhibited superior effects on both plant height and petiole length within the two sheds. For instance, in shed 128, the plant height experienced a significant increase of 32.0%, and in shed 234, the petiole length had a substantial increase of 25.71% under the influence of the same treatment. Furthermore, the application of alginate acid fertilizers corresponded to a marked rise in the number of fruits per plant, consequently amplifying the overall yield. Notably, in shed 128, the implementation of the T₂ treatment led to a noteworthy 18.47% increase in yield compared to the CK treatment. And in shed 234, the yield significantly increased by 23.36% with the application of the T₃ treatment (Dalantong alginic acid fertilizer treatment). However, no significant differences were observed among the various alginate acid fertilizer treatments. The application of alginate acid fertilizers could improve fruit quality, such as increasing soluble solid content, sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content, and reducing titrable acid and nitrate content. A comprehensive analysis of the findings emphasizes that alginic acid fertilizers play a pivotal role in promoting strawberry growth, elevating yield, and improving fruit quality. The T₂ treatment has the best effect for multiple parameters.

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Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment

YANG Yi, ZHAO Shouqi, GE Jingping, SONG Gang, DU Renpeng

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 66-74. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0362

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Microbial exopolysaccharides have important characteristics such as renewability, biodegradability, strong adsorption, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. They have multiple applications in fields of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental protection. Previous studies mainly focused on the isolation, purification and structure of microbial exopolysaccharides, but there were few reports on the relationship between the structure and function of microbial exopolysaccharides and the role of exopolysaccharides in environmental protection. In order to elucidate the structure-function relationship of microbial exopolysaccharides and expand their applications, this article reviews the impacts of monosaccharide composition, molecular mass, functional groups, glycosidic linkages, and surface morphology on their functions. Furthermore, potential applications of microbial exopolysaccharides in wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and antibiotic elimination for environmental protection are summarized. Due to the low yield and biological activity of microbial exopolysaccharides, their extensive industrial application is limited. It is expected that the yield of microbial exopolysaccharides can be enhanced through genetic engineering techniques, structural modification, and optimization of fermentation conditions and promote their development and application in environmental protection.

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Research Status and Development Trend of Denitrifying Bacteria Based on Web of Science Database

CHEN Weihong, QI Baochuan, WANG Kaili, ZHANG Meng, QIAN Dayi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 75-82. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0896

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In order to analyze the research progress and dynamics of denitrifying bacteria, we analyzed the research overview and development trend of denitrifying bacteria from 1990 to 2022 based on the core database of Web of Science, using tools such as VOSviewer and Citespace. The field has experienced three processes of origin, exploration and development. There are many countries involved but the cooperation is weak, among which the European countries have stronger regional cooperation and higher quality of publications; although China started late, it has developed rapidly, with a large number of publications but insufficient influence; among the core authors, academician Peng Yongzhen of China has published the most articles; and there is less cooperation and communication among the core authors. The keywords present three types of "tool-object-method", and the current research is mainly concerned with the performance of biological denitrification and dedicated to improving the denitrification efficiency of wastewater. Future research will pay more attention to the deepening and expansion of nitrogen oxide emission, the screening of new denitrifying bacteria, the development and application of denitrifying agents, research on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, and removal of nitrate nitrogen.

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Research Progress of Rapid Detection for Available Potassium in Soil by Turbidimetry

YANG Zhangqing, XIN Yinping, ZHAO Qing, WANG Meng, QIN Yilang, HU Feng, LI Guoqiang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 83-88. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0371

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A turbidimetry-based method was developed to rapidly detect available potassium in soil. The solution of NaHCO₃—Na₂SO₄—NaOH—DTPA was used to extract soil available potassium, the solution of 0.02 mol/L cupric sulfate was used to mask ammoniumion, and the solution of 0.20 mol/L EDTA acid disodium salt was used to eliminate the interference of metal ions. The soil turbidity solution was determined at 680 nm after 10 min of reaction time. The result showed that the range of available potassium was from 1.30×10^-5 to 3.12×10^-4 mol/L, and the detection limit was 2.29×10^-6 mol/L. The recovery rate of soil available potassium was 90.71%-109.14%, and RSD was 2.61%-4.32%. The available potassium was determined in 161 soil samples from Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan, Hunan and Henan Provinces. Compared with the flame photometer method in NY/T889—2004, the regression equation was y=0.6437x-3.5714, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.9732. Overall, this method could be applied to the rapid detection of soil available potassium.

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Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Cadmium Uptake and Accumulation in Rice

CHEN Guoan, SONG Xiaoqin, LIU Wenbin, LIU Dan, YE Zhengqian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2024, 40 (9): 89-96. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0394

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The application effects of various commercially available soil amendments in cadmium (Cd) -contaminated paddy fields were explored to ensure the safe production of rice and meet the safety standards. Field experiments were conducted in moderate cadmium-contaminated paddy fields using six commercially available soil amendments (“Tebeigai”, “Tuwobao”, “Luxi”, “Kangyuanbanger”, “Yurangkang” and “Chuyang”). The study assessed the impacts of these amendments on soil physical and chemical properties, available Cd content, Cd content in rice organs, and rice yield. The results showed that after the application of soil amendments, the average soil pH increased by 0.22 units, while the levels of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter increased by 7.27%, 7.44%, 7.39%, and 2.99%, respectively. Additionally, the plant height, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and rice yield increased by 4.72%, 4.54%, 3.50%, and 4.26%, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the available Cd content in the soil by 0.17 mg/kg, representing a decrease of 36.59%, and a significant decrease in the Cd content in brown rice by 57.72%. The six commercially available soil amendments tested had a positive impact on increasing rice yield in slightly Cd-polluted farmland. Additionally, they demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the absorption and accumulation of Cd. Among them, “Tuwobao” soil amendment had the best effect on reducing the content of available Cd in soil and Cd in brown rice, which could be popularized and applied.

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