Tobacco Cultivation and Production

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Effects of Genotype and Ecological factors on Content of Aroma Components of Tobacco

Cheng Changxin, Lu Xiuping, Xu Zicheng, Huang Pingjun, Zhang Ting

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (11): 137-137. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0511137

Abstract + (8084)

Aromatic matter was the important factor of tobacco quality. Quality, volume and flavor of aroma were determined by ingredient, content, proportion and interaction of aromatic components. The phenotype of aromatic matter was controlled by both genetic and

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Determined Methods of Chlorophyll from Maize

Li Dexiao, Guo Yuexia, Yun Haiyan, Zhang Min, Gong Xiaoyan, Mu Fang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (6): 153-153. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0506153

Abstract + (6255) PDF (1197488KB) (5232)

The absorption spectrums and extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll from maize seedling after frozen treatment were compared on six determined methods using different organic solvents. The results showed that the absorption spectrums of five solutions were identical with that of acetone solution, so Arnon’s formula of chlorophyll was suitable for other methods. In house temperature, soaking methods were better than Arnon method. The extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll using mixture solution better than using acetone or ethanol alone, methods of acetone mixed ethanol were preferable for fast extraction and stability. Soaking methods in 50℃ after frozen treatment could accelerate extraction of chlorophyll, but also speed up degradation of chlorophyll, so light screening was necessary.

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Study on Identification and Fermentation Condition of the Strain ZY-19-2 which Inhibit to Tobacco Black Shank

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2011, 27 (7): 257-261. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1874

Abstract + (5008) PDF (1161994KB) (5166)

Tobacco black shank is one of the most serious diseases of tobacco. People mainly adopt integrated management to the disease like, breeding for resistance varieties, agro-protection, chemical control, biological control and plant induced resistance in production of tobacco. Biological control is the best way against the disease for tobacco. The strain ZY-19-2 was isolated and screened from rhizosphere of tobacco, which demonstrated high inhibitory to tobacco black shank. In order to appraise its value, we identified the strain and studied its activity of Chitinase in different culture conditions. The results indicated that the stain ZY-19-2 was Paecilomyces lilacinus, which showed strongly inhibition action to parasitica Phytophthroa Dast var. nicotianae and the highest activity of Chitinase was 0.216 U/mL using 1.2% chitin as carbons source in the medium and the initial pH of fermentation fluid was 6.0, with 1% peptone as nitrogen, 0.1% Tween-80 as a surfactant, fermentation time being 60 h, rotation speed of 120 min. The strain ZY-19-2 was optimized in culture different conditions, which established foundation on producing highly effective Chitinase and chitooligosaccarides and controlling tobacco black shank.

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Relationship Between Different Water Conditions and Nitrogen Leaching in Tobacco Field of Bijie

Hu Wei,Liu Jizhen,Di Qing,Zhang Yimo and Tian Shibing

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (1): 63-68. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2075

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To find out the effects of different water conditions on nitrogen leaching in tobacco field of Bijie, a pot experiment was conducted to determine the difference of total nitrogen content in soil leachate, various forms of nitrogen and nitrate leaching loss between the two kinds of soil under three soil moisture levels. The results showed that: the concentration of soluble total nitrogen in the percolation water was significantly improved with increasing soil moisture, the regression equation was y=0.447lnx-0.222. Soluble organic nitrogen and nitrates were the major forms of nitrogen in soil percolation water, while ammonium had a lower proportion compared with soluble organic nitrogen and nitrates. The accumulated soil nitrate and amount of infiltration were the important factors to determine nitrate leaching in Bijie tobacco field. The nitrogen leaching risk was significantly higher in purple soil than yellow soil.

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Characteristics of New Wheat Variety‘Yannong 173’with High Yield, Multi-resistance and Wide Adaptability

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2019, 35 (1): 1-5. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110104

Abstract + (2657) PDF (1072KB) (626)

According to the regional and production test in Shandong Province during 2012- 2015, the differences of yield, yield components, quality and other aspects between ‘Yannong173’ and the control ‘Jimai 22’are analyzed. Methods of high stability coefficient (HSC) and coefficient of variation (CV) are used to determine the high and stable yield of‘Yannong173’. The results showed that the average yield of the variety was 8894.6 kg/hm2 in the tests, 5.68% more than that of the control, the difference was significant. The mean values of its high stability coefficient (HSC) and coefficient of variation (CV) of was 11.08 and 7.33, respectively, lower than the mean value (16.22 and 7.74) of the control, showing high and stable yield duality. Its grain was cutinization, had good commodity and good medium gluten quality.‘Yannong 173’has the advantages of high and stable yield, strong resistance and wide adaptability, and was a new wheat variety with wide application prospects.

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Impacts of plant tissues of different type corn on growth and survival of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)

Wang Zhenying, He Kanglai, Xing Zhenjuan, Bai Shuxiong, Wen Liping

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (5): 217-217. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0405217

Abstract + (2502) PDF (1230173KB) (659)

Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is the most important insect pest of corn in China, which causes serious yield loss and reduces the quality of corn. Corn plant resistance plays an corn), at different developmental stages on survival and development of Asian corn borer larvae were important role in ACB IPM on corn. However, the level of resistance varies both among varieties and among corn plant tissues. Impacts of plant tissues of four type of corn, i.e. Gaoyou 298 (high oil corn), Bainuo 4 (waxy corn), Chaotian 2 (super sweet corn) and Tiandan 8 (sweet corn), Nongda 108 and Xingkang 2 (field evaluated in laboratory bioassay. Results showed that the survival and development of ACB larvae were significantly various when fed on the plant tissues at different developmental stage of four type of corn hybrids. When fed on the whorl leaves, the highest survival and fastest growth of larvae were observed on Gaoyou 298, and the lowest on Xingkang 2. The survival rate and larval weight were significantly higher when fed on the tassels of Gaoyou 298, Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4 compared with Xingkang 2 and Chaotian 2. The young husks of Tiandan 8 were suitable for ACB larvae fed on compared with Bainuo 4 and Xingkang 2 that significantly inhibited the larvae development. The survival rates were much higher and the weights of larvae and pupae were much heavier when fed on silks of Tiandan 8 and Nongda 108 than on others. The survival rates of ACB larvae were significantly low when fed on silks of Chaotian 2 and Xingkang 2 than on others. The larvae developed very well when fed on the cobs of Chaotian 8.The survival and the pupation rates were much higher, but the weights of pupae were smaller when fed on cobs of Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4. The survival and pupation rates were much lower and the development time to pupate was much longer when ACB larvae fed on cobs of Xingkang 2. The development time from larvae to pupate and from pupae to emerge of the ACB when fed on kernels of Xingkang 2 and Nongda 108 were much longer than that on Tiandan 8, Chaotian 2, Bainuo 4 and Gaoyou 298, the corn for special uses. It was showed that the kernels of wax corn, sweet corn, and high oil corn were much suitable to ACB larvae than field corn. It also indicated that some sweet and waxy corn varieties had certain resistant to ACB, on which the Asian corn borer larvae could not make much heavier damage than susceptible field corn.

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Study on the Relationship between Polyphenols Content and Chemical Index of Flue-cured Tobacco in Different Amount of Applied Nitrogen

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2012, 28 (3): 282-289. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2011-1730

Abstract + (2453) PDF (1286125KB) (3517)

Field experiments and chemical analysis were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers on the polyphenols and there relationship with chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that, the proportion of chlorogenic acid and rutin was in the majority (from 77.77% to 88.64%) in different amount of applied nitrogen; as the increasing of the amount of applied nitrogen, chlorogenic acid content, 4-o-caffeoyl quinic acid content, rutin content, scopoletin content and the totals of 5 kinds of polyphenols were decreased markedly at first, and then increased slightly, while neochlorogenic acid content had the increasing trend. The relationship between polyphenols content (5 kinds of polyphenols and there totals) and main chemical composition (nicotine content, total nitrogen content, the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine and total nitrogen to nicotine) could be simulated by dualistic and quadratic equation respectively with highly significant relation.

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The effect of harvesting time to the neutral aroma constituent and sense evaluation in flue-cured tobacco leaves

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2010, 26 (22): 132-136. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1239

Abstract + (2441) PDF (653134KB) (1132)

The flue-cured tobacco leaf with the same maturity was cured in curing-barn, through the analysis of neutral aromatic matters content and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco with different harvested time and quantifying the appearance standard when harvesting , for the purpose of finding out the appearance mature standard of enhancing the aroma quality and volume and provide theoretical support for the flue-cured tobacco production. The results showed that: the appearance standards for each part of tobacco leaves: lower leaves in the transplanted 60-65d, leaf age in the 45-50d, tip yellowish, the main vein 1/3-1/2, spur 3-5 pairs of white, extent 1.19-1.20 drooping leaves, leaf angle of 70 ° -75 °; middle leaf postponed until after transplanting 95d, leaf age up to the 65d, with a yellow but a little bit of green leaf, the main vein 2 / 3 above, spur 8 -- 9 pairs of white, their leaves drop to 1.30, leaf angle 70 °, with mature plaque and focal sharp phenomenon; upper leaves at 115d after the harvest of tobacco leaves, leaf age in 75d above, almost all the leaves yellow, the main offshoot full white, foliage drooping extent that more than 1.54, leaf angle reached 75 °, there is the phenomenon of mature plaque and sharp focus. Standards to reach this ripe harvest, baked tobacco leaves after the high content of neutral aroma, sensory quality evaluation of higher scores, incense temperament better, as compared to the full aroma.

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Transgenic Maize Evaluated for Resistance to the Asian Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

He Kanglai, Wang Zhenying, Wen Liping, Bai Shuxiong, Zhou Darong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (6): 240-240. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0406240

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A transgenic Bt maize hybrid expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, Cry1Ab protein, and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluated for against the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), in field trials and laboratory bioassays. The Bt hybrid, NX4777, was developed by Novartis Seeds, using event Bt11, which expresses Bt toxin in green tissue as well as reproductive tissues including the tassel, silk, and kernel. Bt hybrid was compared with the negative isoline control, NX4906. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of the Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl, pre-tasselling, and silking stages. Hybrid resistances were based on leaf feeding ratings, larval controls, as well as stalk and ear damages. Bt hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage (rating 1) than its negative isoline control (rating 7). On average, there were only 0.04~0.20 larvae survived per plant, 0.11~0.15 tunnels per stalk with 0.13~0.41 cm tunnel length per plant, respectively, and none of plants were stems broken or ears damaged on Bt hybrid under different infestations. In contrast, there were 6.19~12.41 larvae survived per plant, 4.48~7.05 tunnels per stalk with 12.41~24.09 cm tunnel length per plant, respectively, and 73.6%~95.5% plants were stems broken and ear damage ratings was 5.9 on the negative isoline control. Laboratory bioassays indicated that there were only 0~1% of larva survived when neonates fed on fresh whorl leaves, young tassel, and fresh silk of Bt hybrid, compared with more than 88.7% of larvae survived on the negative isoline control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can provide season-long control of the Asian corn borer.

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Identification of Fue-cured Tobacco Germplasms

Li Meiyun, Duan Fengyun, Zhao Guoming, Li Caixing, Li Yongping

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (7): 107-112. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20085975

Abstract + (2240) PDF (534091KB) (752)

To screen and identify flue-cured tobacco germplasms, botany characters, appearance quality, disease resistance and economical characters of 20 tobacco germplasm was investigated. The results indicated that the plant height of Liuyejian and Longyan C2 was too high, the leaves of Changbahuangguangban, Xujin 7, Black Shank Resistant, Daris Special, Zhubo1was too few, Liuyejian, Xujin 7, Black Shank Resistant and Daris Special was susceptible to tobacco black shank disease, Daliuye 2014, NC2514, Daris Special, Luodihuang was susceptible to tobacco brown spot disease. By comparation in economical characters and other aspect it was concluded that Islangold, CV78-4, CV78-5, Q1236:Hicks Q46, Wujiang 1 was superior to other tested germplasms. Daris Special, Black Shank Resistant, Changbahuangguangban, Jintai 7615, Daliuye 2014was inferior to other tested germplasms.

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Research Progress of Gene Transformation in Maize using Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Gao wujun, Lu longdou, Wei kaifa, Sun fucong, Li ruili

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (6): 26-26. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.040626

Abstract + (2223) PDF (1177425KB) (608)

Researching progress of several key factors that maize gene transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens were reviewed，including explant，base-medium and supplementary, co-culture temperature，signal molecular and Vir gene activation。Research found that immature embryos are the optimical explants especially when it is from 1mm to 2mm , the co-culture temperature from 200C to 250C. Research demonstrate that the barrier of transfer the foreign gene to the gramineous plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens is lack phenol and it is difficult to induce the Vir gene activity.So supplementary the acetosyringon in co-culture medium was essential to efficient transfer foreign gene to gramineous plants. Besides, a high incidence of T-DNA transfer was also closely associated to the supplementary such as organic nitrogen , amino acid and metal ions.

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Corresponding Relationship Between the Coating Rate and Organic Chemical Composition of Paper-process Reconstituted Tobacco

Zhang Wenjun,Qiu Ye,Su Dandan,Liu Jing,Zhu Ting,Mi Lan and Wang Yanhong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2015, 31 (26): 96-102. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050107

Abstract + (2221) PDF (1585KB) (419)

Based on the fact that the compatibility of some current coating rate determination methods for reconstituted tobacco in tobacco industry are not very ideal, the authors studied the organic chemical composition and their distribution in coating liquor and finished good sheet (on total sugar, reduced sugar, total alkaloid, total nitrogen), conducted a variation analysis of the organic chemical composition after coating and drying, and researched the corresponding relationship between organic chemical composition and coating rate before and after drying. Then, the authors proposed a method to indicate coating rate of reconstituted tobacco product with organic chemical composition. The results indicated that there was positive linear relationship between coating rate and the content of total sugar, reduced sugar and total alkaloid when the coating rate of reconstituted tobacco products in the range of 38%-46%, linear regression analysis showed that their linear correlation coefficients in the fitting formula were 0.966, 0.997 and 0.953. Through online random sample inspection, it was found that the average deviation of the measured and calculated values of the coating rate was less than 2%, which proved that the off-line detection method was an accurate and feasible method to detect the coating rate of the finished reconstituted tobacco. The research provides basic references for reconstituted tobacco industry and tobacco companies in the research of coating rate detection method, especially the off-line detection method for reconstituted tobacco products.

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The Correlation Between the Soluble Protein Content and the Free Amino Acids During Germination of Tobacco Seeds

Bai Yongfu, Lu Xiuping

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2006, 22 (8): 286-286. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0608286

Abstract + (2104)

The purpose of the research is to study the relationship between the content of soluble protein and the free amino acids during the germination of tobacco seeds. Using both flue-cured tobacco K326 seed and burley tobacco TN86 seed as the studying materials, the content of soluble protein and the free amino acids in tobacco seed was tested by ultraviolet and visible light spectrophotometer. In this article, when tobacco seeds germinated, the dynamic changes of content of soluble protein and the free amino acids were concerned with the changes of such components at 0h, 2h, 6h, 12h, 18h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h, 48h, 60h, 72h, 84h, 96h, 168h, 336h, respectively. The results showed that the contents of the soluble protein in flue-cured tobacco K326 seed reached its maximum value at the 96th hour, while it was at the 168th hour in burley tobacco TN86 seed. The maximum value at the 336th hour so did the contents of the free amino acids in both flue-cured tobacco K326 seed and burley tobacco TN86 seed during the germination of tobacco seeds. The dynamic changes between the contents of the soluble protein and the contents of the free amino acids presented the very notably positive correlation.

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Observation of Glandular Hairs Morphology on Tobacco Leaves by Scanning Electron Microscopy

Cai Liuti, Jiang Guanghua, Zheng Shaoqing, Hu Zhongyi

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (8): 110-113. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20086049

Abstract + (2049) PDF (388145KB) (1233)

In order to supply some information to the study about relations between the morphology and functions of glandular hairs on tobacco leaves, the micro-morphology of glandular hairs on the surface of leaves of the tobacco cultivar Nicotiana tabacum K346 were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The long stalk glandulars on the surface of tobacco leaves commonly have several cylindrical nodes on the parts of stalk, the short stalk glandulars have thicker stalk with one short cylindrical nodes; the head of glandulars, the main of the secretive function parts, which has complex structure with larger than its stalk, especially the head of the short stalk glandular, wrinkly around with obviously convex and concave; The morphlogy of glandular hairs on tobacco leaves have relations with its secretive functions, the information of glandular hairs micro-morphology may benefit to the study on the relation between the function and morphology.

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Studies on Transgenic Tomato Plants with Resistance to Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Liao Junjie , Li Jinjin, Xu Jiyong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (8): 28-28. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.050828

Abstract + (2041)

The TMV CP gene was synthesized with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) y using the cDNA of its genomic RNA as a template. A synthetic ClaⅠsite was included in T5 primer while a BamHⅠsite in T3 primer, the PCR product was cloned into the ClaⅠ/BamHⅠ site of pBluescript KS+. Then bivalent plant expression vector, pKDTC (TMV-CP+CMV-CP), with double resistance to TMV and CMV, was constructed, in which each CP gene was controlled by a 35S promotor of CaMV. Transgenic tomato plants were regenerated via Agrobacterium transformation system, and analyzed by dot blot, PCR and Southern blot, these results showed that both genes were integrated into the transgenic plant lines L-2, L-5 of Lichun and JH-6 of Jinghan No 1. The transgenic plants grew normally and obviously resisted to the infection of corresponding viruses in greenhouse.

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The analysis of efficient planting pattern and benefit of flue-cured tobacco barley and peanut riped three times in one year

Xu Dafang , Li Zhang , Wang Hang, Wang Conglong, Ma Jingmin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (2): 81-81. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.050281

Abstract + (2029) PDF (992148KB) (682)

The main technical measures and planting notice that the flue-cured tobacco, barley and peanut riped three times in one year were studied, the benefit of which was also analyzed. It was showed that the net income that the tobacco grower earned could exceed 29,250 yuan/hm2 at this pattern, which increased 11250yuan/hm2 when compared with the pattern that only planting tobacco, and it also had obvious economic benefit and social effect.

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The Reference of Intercropping Technology in Tobacco Production

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (5): 1-4. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0435

Abstract + (2000) PDF (928KB) (1991)

This paper summerized the intercropping technology research progress at home and abroad, hoping providing some help on the application of the technology in tobacco cultivation, introduced the combination principle and appraisal index of intercropping, analyzed and summarized theoretical foundation, the effects on crops (including crop growth、quantity and quality and diseases and pests prevention, and so on) and soil physical, chemical and biological properties caused by successful intercropping model, at last made some suggestions to questions needed in tobacco intercropping planting, such as tobacco can not intercrop with vegetables and solanaceae, the symbiotic period can not exceed 40 days and so on.

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Control Effect of New Plant Growth Regulator against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Diseases

Wu Xiaoliang, Ding Wei, Liu Ronghua, Zou Xiaoke

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2007, 23 (4): 307-307. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0704307

Abstract + (1994) PDF (465614KB) (633)

【OBJECTIVE】The main object of this article was to develop and creat new antiviral pesticide for controlling tobacco virus diseases, consequently it could provide guidance to control tobacco mosaic virus diseases during tobacco production process【METHOD】The experiment treatments were Brassinolide 400×, 8% Ninnanmycin AS 800× and CK, respectively, each treatment replicated 3 times, the design of random block【RESULTS】The field experiments on controlling tobacco and cucumber mosaic virus diseases were fulfilled to validate the control efficacy of the plant growth regulator (Brassinolide) and Ninnanmycin, in Qian-jiang tobacco growing area, Chongqing. The result showed that both of the pesticides had inhibitory effect to tobacco mosaic virus diseases and had the effect of accelerating tobacco growth, of which the mean control efficacy were both about 70%【CONCLUSION】Brassinolide not only had the ability of the plant growth regulator to accelerate tobacco growth, but also was an ideal pesticide to control tobacco mosaic virus .

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Genetic Diversity Revealed by SSR Markers of the main Tobacco Cultivars in Yunnan

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (1): 56-62. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2008-1165

Abstract + (1983) PDF (634447KB) (800)

SSR marker is the ideal techniques for analysis of plant genetic diversity. In this study the genetic diversity among 13 main cultivars in Yunnan province were measured using these tobacco SSR markers which published recently. 92 SSR located on 24 tobacco linkage groups were screened, among which 20 were polymorphic. Fifty-two alleles were amplified in 13 cultivars using these 20 SSR primer pairs, with 2.6 alleles per primer pair. The genetic distance (GD) in 13 tobacco cultivars was calculated based on the SSR marker polymorphism, ranging from 0.0090-0.4286, with the average of 0.2237. This result indicates the genetic variation of these cultivars were very little. Tobacco SSR markers can be used to analyze effectively the genetic diversity of tobacco germplasms and of great value for molecular genetic mapping and marker assisted selection in tobacco breeding. Key words: tobacco cultivars SSR markers Genetic diversity.

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Difference of transient expression of OsWAK1::GFP in three tobacco species

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (8): 58-61. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2009-0221

Abstract + (1968) PDF (876847KB) (2629)

In order to study the subcellular localization of rice OsWAK1, the fusion protein of OsWAK1::GFP (green fluorescence protein) was constructed. A Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 containing OsWAK1::GFP fusion was inoculated through the stomata using a 1-ml plastic syringe and by gentle pressure on the lower epidermal surface of tobacco leaves. In the experiment three tobacco species Nicotiana glutinosa, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Sam and Nicotiana benthamiana respectively were used. As a result, the green fluorescence emitted from Nicotiana glutinosa was detected, but no green fluorescence was detected from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Sam or Nicotiana benthamiana which indicate the difference of the fusion protein expression in the three tobacco species, the fusion protein was transient expressed in Nicotiana glutinosa, but not in the other two.

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