Maize

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Determined Methods of Chlorophyll from Maize

Li Dexiao, Guo Yuexia, Yun Haiyan, Zhang Min, Gong Xiaoyan, Mu Fang

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (6): 153-153. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0506153

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The absorption spectrums and extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll from maize seedling after frozen treatment were compared on six determined methods using different organic solvents. The results showed that the absorption spectrums of five solutions were identical with that of acetone solution, so Arnon’s formula of chlorophyll was suitable for other methods. In house temperature, soaking methods were better than Arnon method. The extraction efficiencies of chlorophyll using mixture solution better than using acetone or ethanol alone, methods of acetone mixed ethanol were preferable for fast extraction and stability. Soaking methods in 50℃ after frozen treatment could accelerate extraction of chlorophyll, but also speed up degradation of chlorophyll, so light screening was necessary.

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Analysis on Characters and Yield of Different Maize Varieties

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (2): 11-14. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0154

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In order to select the new maize cultivar for Dingxing County, Hebei Province, the comparative analysis on characters and the yield of 7 maize cultivars had been studied under the specific climate and the soil conditions. The results showed that: ‘Jingdan28’ leaf blade had the highest photosynthetic rate and a good comprehensive character. The per unit yield reached 10321.5 kg/hm2. And the yield components of maize were 74025 spikes per hm2, 395 grains per spike, and the 1000 grain weight was 353.0 g. In the 7 tested maize cultivars, the yield of ‘Jingdan28’ and ‘Zhengdan958’ compared with other 5 maize cultivars were extremely different significance. ‘Jingdan28’ and ‘Zhengdan958’ were suitable for Dingxing County and other area with the close light and hot resources for realizing high-yield cultivation and increasing yield, which was of great significance.

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Effects of Full Mulching on Double Ridges in Autumn on Soil Water Content and Yield of Dryland Maize

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (8): 9-15. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0411

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In order to meet of water requirement of maize growth at the situation of limited and unevenly distributed rainfall and the problem of serious spring drought in Gansu dry farming area. The effects of four different film-covering times on growth stages, soil moisture variation, water use efficiency, yield and economic benefit of dry land maize were studied in the field. The results showed that the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was better than full mulching on double ridges in early spring and full mulching on double ridges in middle spring and full mulching on double ridges before sowing, the early film-covering was batter than latter film-covering. The full mulching on double ridges in autumn increased rainfall use rate and water use efficiency. Rainfall use rate of the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was 70.21%, water use efficiency was 30.19 kg/(hm2?mm). The yield of corn production with the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was 10039.34 kg/hm2, which was higher 24.81% than the full mulching on double ridges before sowing as well as water use efficiency raised 15.26%, respectively. The results displayed that the way of full mulching on double ridges in autumn could reduce the useless evaporation of soil water in winter and spring，increase soil moisture content, improve the economic characters of maize and increase the yield of maize and net income. It was an effective way to further exploit rainfall productive potential and create high-yielding fields in dry farming areas.

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Breeding and Application of Excellent Maize Inbred Line 698-3

Tang Hai-Tao

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (11): 189-193. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2008-0259

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698-3 is an excellent maize inbred line breeding by Crop Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The maize inbred line 698-3 has multiple good characters such as high combining ability, high-yield, high-quality, multiple diseases-resistance and adaptability to high densities et al. The maize hybrids which one of parents as 698-3 have such characters as high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistance, lodging-resistance and special usage. All of these maize hybrids had extensive popularized and come into being remarkable society and economic effects.

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Influence of Different Varieties and Densities on Growth and Yield of Maize in Dryland

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (10): 1-5. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0549

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To make full use of dryland maize potential productivity and find suitable key cultivated measures of maize high yield in this area, the experiment was conducted in a split-plot treatment arrangement to explore the influence of different varieties and densities on growth and yield of maize in dryland. The results showed that economic yield, biomass yield and harvest index of compact-planting and close density tolerant maize ‘Zhengdan958’ was respectively higher 15.1%, 7.8% and 6.8% than that of rare-planting and large-size spike maize ‘Yongfeng1’ significantly. Economic yield and biomass yield increased while density increased. While densities of ‘Zhengdan958’ was 72000 plants per hm2 and densities of ‘Yongfeng1’ was 48000 plants per hm2, maize could keep lower biomass yield and higher economic yield, as well as could achieve harmonious relationships between leaf source and grain sink.

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Analysis and Study of Variety Quality Appraisement in Waxy Maize Regional Trials in Huanghuaihai Region

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (8): 127-131. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2008-1322

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According to analysis of basal instance of 31 varieties quality appraisement in waxy maize regional trials in huanghuaihai region in 2006-2007,it was summarized that waxy trait and depth of pericarp was main attack quality aims that remarkably better or better waxy maize would be bred than the contrast. According to analysis of main method and procedure and technology of quality appraisement, the experience was summarized that waxy maize quality was scientifically and impersonally and justly and well and truly appraised .At the same time, the proposal of quality appraisement improved was tabled.

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Impacts of plant tissues of different type corn on growth and survival of Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)

Wang Zhenying, He Kanglai, Xing Zhenjuan, Bai Shuxiong, Wen Liping

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (5): 217-217. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0405217

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Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is the most important insect pest of corn in China, which causes serious yield loss and reduces the quality of corn. Corn plant resistance plays an corn), at different developmental stages on survival and development of Asian corn borer larvae were important role in ACB IPM on corn. However, the level of resistance varies both among varieties and among corn plant tissues. Impacts of plant tissues of four type of corn, i.e. Gaoyou 298 (high oil corn), Bainuo 4 (waxy corn), Chaotian 2 (super sweet corn) and Tiandan 8 (sweet corn), Nongda 108 and Xingkang 2 (field evaluated in laboratory bioassay. Results showed that the survival and development of ACB larvae were significantly various when fed on the plant tissues at different developmental stage of four type of corn hybrids. When fed on the whorl leaves, the highest survival and fastest growth of larvae were observed on Gaoyou 298, and the lowest on Xingkang 2. The survival rate and larval weight were significantly higher when fed on the tassels of Gaoyou 298, Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4 compared with Xingkang 2 and Chaotian 2. The young husks of Tiandan 8 were suitable for ACB larvae fed on compared with Bainuo 4 and Xingkang 2 that significantly inhibited the larvae development. The survival rates were much higher and the weights of larvae and pupae were much heavier when fed on silks of Tiandan 8 and Nongda 108 than on others. The survival rates of ACB larvae were significantly low when fed on silks of Chaotian 2 and Xingkang 2 than on others. The larvae developed very well when fed on the cobs of Chaotian 8.The survival and the pupation rates were much higher, but the weights of pupae were smaller when fed on cobs of Tiandan 8 and Bainuo 4. The survival and pupation rates were much lower and the development time to pupate was much longer when ACB larvae fed on cobs of Xingkang 2. The development time from larvae to pupate and from pupae to emerge of the ACB when fed on kernels of Xingkang 2 and Nongda 108 were much longer than that on Tiandan 8, Chaotian 2, Bainuo 4 and Gaoyou 298, the corn for special uses. It was showed that the kernels of wax corn, sweet corn, and high oil corn were much suitable to ACB larvae than field corn. It also indicated that some sweet and waxy corn varieties had certain resistant to ACB, on which the Asian corn borer larvae could not make much heavier damage than susceptible field corn.

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Corn Slow-release Fertilizer Technology Test One-time Stratification

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (4): 6-9. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0289

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In order to improve the fertilizer utilization ratio, to improve and enhance QuanFei one-time fertilization techniques, the corn application SRFS technical support in layered fertilization, one-time base fertilizer, according to the whole growth period of corn, not the growth, development and yield and influence factors of yield components. The results showed that: the use of sulfur slow-releasing function and coating urea fertilizer, using disposable layered base to meet the whole growth period of corn, plant nutrients needed than conventional staging decent, fertilizer production 12.1%. This method broke the traditional pattern of conventional staging fertilization, reduced the surface application caused by volatile loss, improved the Fertilizer utilization ratio reached more than 70 percent, increased production, reduced the production processes to achieve cost saving time save work, which could increase the purpose of pure economic benefit about 1600 yuan/hm2.

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Breeding and Application of Hybrid Maize Variety‘Jindan 77’

Journal of Agriculture 2016, 6 (4): 16-19. DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110018

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The purpose was to breed high yield, and drought, lodging and disease resistant new maize varieties. The traditional breeding methods and molecular techniques were combined, and the excellent American maize germplasm was used,‘Jindan 77’was bred with L3115 (female) and L0367 (male) in Modern Agriculture Research Centre of Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science. The variety passed the assessment of Shanxi Crops Variety Examination Committee in 2010.‘Jindan 77’had high yield, good grain quality, multi-resistance, and resistance to high density. Its starch content was 74.45%, and the average yield was 11400 kg/hm2. The hybrid seeds production technology was easy, and the yield was high, so the cost of production was reduced. The combination of production and scientific management could increase the yield per unit area and the total production of maize, thus to play a significant role in ensuring the food security in China. The application prospect of‘Jindan 77’is promising.

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Transgenic Maize Evaluated for Resistance to the Asian Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

He Kanglai, Wang Zhenying, Wen Liping, Bai Shuxiong, Zhou Darong

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (6): 240-240. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0406240

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A transgenic Bt maize hybrid expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin, Cry1Ab protein, and its negative isoline hybrid were evaluated for against the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), in field trials and laboratory bioassays. The Bt hybrid, NX4777, was developed by Novartis Seeds, using event Bt11, which expresses Bt toxin in green tissue as well as reproductive tissues including the tassel, silk, and kernel. Bt hybrid was compared with the negative isoline control, NX4906. Maize plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of the Asian corn borer at the mid-whorl, pre-tasselling, and silking stages. Hybrid resistances were based on leaf feeding ratings, larval controls, as well as stalk and ear damages. Bt hybrid sustained significantly less leaf feeding damage (rating 1) than its negative isoline control (rating 7). On average, there were only 0.04~0.20 larvae survived per plant, 0.11~0.15 tunnels per stalk with 0.13~0.41 cm tunnel length per plant, respectively, and none of plants were stems broken or ears damaged on Bt hybrid under different infestations. In contrast, there were 6.19~12.41 larvae survived per plant, 4.48~7.05 tunnels per stalk with 12.41~24.09 cm tunnel length per plant, respectively, and 73.6%~95.5% plants were stems broken and ear damage ratings was 5.9 on the negative isoline control. Laboratory bioassays indicated that there were only 0~1% of larva survived when neonates fed on fresh whorl leaves, young tassel, and fresh silk of Bt hybrid, compared with more than 88.7% of larvae survived on the negative isoline control. These results demonstrate that transgenic Bt maize can provide season-long control of the Asian corn borer.

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Research Progress of Gene Transformation in Maize using Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Gao wujun, Lu longdou, Wei kaifa, Sun fucong, Li ruili

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2004, 20 (6): 26-26. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.040626

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Researching progress of several key factors that maize gene transformation using Agrobacterium tumefaciens were reviewed，including explant，base-medium and supplementary, co-culture temperature，signal molecular and Vir gene activation。Research found that immature embryos are the optimical explants especially when it is from 1mm to 2mm , the co-culture temperature from 200C to 250C. Research demonstrate that the barrier of transfer the foreign gene to the gramineous plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens is lack phenol and it is difficult to induce the Vir gene activity.So supplementary the acetosyringon in co-culture medium was essential to efficient transfer foreign gene to gramineous plants. Besides, a high incidence of T-DNA transfer was also closely associated to the supplementary such as organic nitrogen , amino acid and metal ions.

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Researches on Utilization Mode of Maize Silage Jingke516 Based on Yield and Economic Benefit Analysis

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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2009, 25 (21): 152-155. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2009-1192

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Maize silage can be utilized in the form of whole ensiling and cereal＆silage maize using, many breeds of maize silage have high biomass yields and grain yields, optimum of benefit will determine the value of extension and utilization. Researched and analyzed the differences of biomass yields of milky maturity ,grain yields of full maturity and economic benefit of maize silage Jingke 516 and Nongda 108 under different density, compared in synthesis, the economic benefit of whole ensiling are higher than the grain yields, the yields of silage maize Jingke516 in milky biomass and full maturity both were highest under density of 60000 palnts/hm2, in all the treats, the economic benefit was 7113.9Yuan/hm2 in milky maturity and 6947.7Yuan/hm2, the results of t test between milky maturity and full maturity were t=1.775，t0.05=2.571，t

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The Influence of Density on Yield of Zhengdan 22 Maize

Zhang Mingyou, Zhangxin, Wang Zhanghua, Zhang Qianjin, Wang Jinzhao, Ma Qiaoyun

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2005, 21 (10): 166-166. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0510166

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The influence of densisties on growth and yield of Zhengdan22 was studied. Leaf area per plant and dry matter accumulation per plant were dropped by densities increasing. Leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were increased by densities increasing and dropped by high densities. The yield was increased by densities increasing. The results showed that the suitable planting densisty of Zhengdan22 is 45000~52500 plants/hm2.

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Effect of Planting Densities on Plant Type and Yield Characters of Summer Maize Varieties

丁勇,张君,赵霞,马智艳,赵发欣 and 唐保军

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2017, 33 (35): 12-17. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100047

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In order to elucidate the response of plant type and yield traits of different maize varieties to planting density, six maize varieties (‘Zhengdan958’, ‘Xianyu335’, ‘Weike702’, ‘Xundan20’, ‘Jinhai5hao’ and ‘Limin33’) that are now planted widely in production were used as materials, the plant type and yield trait changes of different maize varieties under four planting densities (60000 plants/hm2, 90000 plants /hm2, 112500 plants /hm2, 127500 plants /hm2) were analyzed. The results indicated that the three ear leaves area and the coefficient in stem diameter of six varieties both were decreased with the increase of planting density. But the reduced range was difference among different varieties or different ear leaves. Yield component factors, such as ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight, were showed decreasing with the planting density increasing. Among four planting densities, the yield of ‘Jinhai5hao’, ‘Weike702’ or ‘Zhengdan958’ under the density of 90000 plants/hm2 was the highest; other three variety yields were showed reducing with the increasing of planting density. Based on the regression analysis, the effect of the kernels per ear on yield was the largest one among the ten factors that are known affecting maize yield, secondly for the kernels per row. The results will be providing the theoretical basis for the maize variety breeding and the high efficient planting in maize production.

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Nationally Approved New Maize Variety ‘MC278’: Breeding, Characteristics in Different Ecological Areas and Main Cultivation Techniques

WANG Xiaoguang, QU Wenjie, LIU Chunge, WU Peng, WANG Ronghuan, FENG Peiyu, SHAN Hong, SHI Guiqing, LENG Yan, CHENG Guanglei

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2022, 38 (15): 17-21. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0752

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In view of the shortage of water and heat resources in different ecological areas, and the frequent occurrence of wind disaster, lodging, low yield, poor quality and other problems in maize production, a new maize variety ‘MC278’ was bred by taking ‘Jing X005’ as female parent and ‘Jing 27’ as male parent. The inoculation tests of the variety in Jilin, Hebei and other places showed that it had strong resistance to small spot disease, Curvularia, dwarf mosaic, silk smut and stem rot, and was easy to infect large leaf spot, and it was moderately resistant to corn borer in Jilin. In the regional trials in Beijing, Inner Mongolia and other regions in different years, the kernel yield of ‘MC278’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Zhengdan 958’ (CK), the highest yield was 16166 kg/hm², and the average yield was increased by 8.3%. The content of crude protein, crude starch and lysine of ‘MC278’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Zhengdan 958’. In 2019, the production in Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and other regions showed that the yield of ‘MC278’ was all more than 12804 kg/hm², and the maximum yield was 14283 kg/hm². ‘MC278’ was equipped with field management measures and harvest techniques, such as suitable sowing date, density and water and fertilizer management, and prevention and control measures of diseases and insect pests. The variety passed the national examination and approval in 2019 (National Approved Maize Variety No.20190030), and its planting area now includes 15 provincial regions, such as Anhui, Shanxi, Shandong and etc.

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Elementary Study on Kernel Dry-down Traits in Earliest-Maturity Maize Hybrid

Tan Fuzhong, Han Cuibo, Zou Shuangli, Liu Zhenjiang, Ji Yian

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (7): 161-168. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20086052

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Using a split-plot design, five maize hybrids were studied on the traits as kernel moisture and grain drying rate, etc. The resluts showed that there was significant difference among tested varieties’ kernel moisture at physiological ripening from 35.61% to 42.17%. The extremely significant difference existed among tested varieties’ kernel moisture at harvesting from 15.49% to 28.50%. The significant difference appeared among tested varieties’ average kernel dry-down rate varied from 0.5296%/d to 0.9007%/d from the 35th day after silking to physiological ripening. There was significant difference among tested varieties’ average kernel drying rate from 0.4246%/d to 0.5935%/d from physiological ripening to harvesting. For the tested hybrids, it has significant correlation between kernel moisture and some plant traits as days from plant emergence to silking, plant height, green leaves at milking stage and kernels weight per ear, etc. Tested hybrids’ kernel dry-down rate was significantly influenced by ear length and ear diameter. For particular tested hybrid, kernel drying rate after physiological ripening was significantly affected by humidity in field.

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Cloning of the Maize Starch Branching Enzyme SBEⅡb Gene and Constructing of its Over-expression Vector

Fan Yali ,, Ruan Ying ,Li Jin ., Du Peifen, , Yao Yuanting, , Liu Chunlin

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2008, 24 (4): 72-75. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.20085538

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【OBJECTIVE】In this article we cloned the Maize Starch Branching Enzyme SBEⅡb Gene and constructed its over-expression vector successfully. 【METHOD】The total RNA extracted from Waxy corn endosperm was as template, the Coding Regions of cDNA of the Maize Starch Branching Enzyme SBEⅡb gene was amplified Utilizing the method of RT-PCR.【RESULTS】The gene was successfully amplified. Homologous Analysis result by BLAST showed that the cloned fragment has 99% identity to the sequence of the gene in GenBank. The Coding Regions of SBEⅡb gene cDNA was 2719bp in length and encode 799 amino acids. 【CONCLUSION】The cloned cDNA was ligated into the plant express-vector pCAMBIA1303 . We successfully constructed a gene over-expression vector pCASBEⅡb through GUS activity test.

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Toxicities of Avermectins and Chlorpyrifos to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum（Herbst）

Li Shiguang, Hu Juan, Li Lihua, Huang Yanzhang, Lin Huafeng, Shen Zonghai

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2007, 23 (11): 309-309. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.0711309

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Virulence of avermectins 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and chlorpyrifos 48% EC to S. zeamais and T. castaneum that lived in paddy ware tested by means of spraying in the laboratory. The results showed as follows: (1) The LD50s of avermectin 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and chlorpyrifos 48% EC to S. zeamais were respectively 0.01mg／kg, 0.07mg／kg and 4.65mg／kg, and those of them to T. castaneum were respectively 0.08mg／kg, 0.50mg／kg and 5.89mg／kg. (2) The death rate of avermectin 1.8% EC to the two stored-grain insect pests was the highest among three kinds of insecticides in the same conditions. (3) S. zeamais was more sensitive to the three kinds of insecticides than T. castaneum. The recommended dosages of Avermectin 1.8% EC, 2% microcapsule suspension and Chlorprifos 48% EC are respectively 0.05mg／kg, 0.80mg／kg and 2.0mg／kg in order to control S. zeamais, and those of the three insecticides are respectively 0.05mg／kg, 0.80mg／kg and 8.0mg／kg in order to control T. castaneum.

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Effect of maturity of corn stalk on the chemical characteristics and nutritive value of silage

Yu Ruhua, Mo Fang, Zhao Lihua, Zhang Xiaoming, Wang Weiqian, Ma Hong, Zhao Jianying

Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 2006, 22 (6): 10-10. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.060610

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The influence of maturity on nutritive composition was determined for different stage of seven silage of corn stalk. The corn stalk were harvested at the growth days of the 92nd, 94th, 96th, 98th, 100th, 102nd and 104th, respectively. At each stage of maturity, corn stalk was harvested, and ensiled. Maturity did not have a large effect on lactic acid, butyric acid and ADF content of silage in this study; however, the digestibility of organ matter in vitro decreased as maturity of corn stalk, there were obvious effects on the contents of ammonia concentrations, crude protein, NDF in silage with different harvested time.

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Effect of Soiling Density of Summer Maize on Yield and Related Traits Variation Coefficients in the Southern Basin of Shanxi

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Journal of Agriculture 2011, 1 (xb1): 1-4. DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.2095-4050.2011-xb0137

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Abstract：In order to determine the rational soiling density of maize Zhengdan958, and to fully develop yield-increasing effect, we studied the effect of soiling density on yield and related traits variation coefficients in a randomized block design in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The results show that there are difference in grain yield, 1000- kernel weight, spike length, spike diameter and spike weight among different soiling densities in normal summer rainfall year, but kernel productivity, spike rows and harvest index don′t exist difference. The influence order of soiling density on related traits variation coefficients is spike weight > grain weight > 1000-kernel weight > spike length > spike diameter > spike rows > kernel productive > harvest index. The importance squencing of spike length, spike diameter and spike-stalk weight to spike-grain weight is spike length > spike diameter > spike-stalk weight. Increasing maize soiling density can remarkably enhance grain yield which has synergistic effect with dry matter calculation, and don′t exist significant effect on harvest index. This study provides theory and technology support upon maize soiling density increasing in southern basin of Shanxi.

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