Current issue

• 2020 Vol.36 No.5 Published:15 February 2020

  Three Prediction Methods of Rice Heat Index in Heilongjiang Province: A Comparative Analysis Wang Qiujing, Ma Guozhong, Wang Ping, Zhao Kewei, Yang Xiaoqiang, Yu Yingnan, Wang Ming, Jiang Lixia 2020, 36 (5):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090134 Abstract + ( 450 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1591KB )   ( 89 ) This study aims to select a prediction method of rice chilling damage in different regions of Heilongjiang Province and to provide references for making food production and adjusting crop-planting structure. 11 agro-meteorological observation stations were used as the test objects, Heilongjiang Province was divided into three areas, east, west and south area, by using temperature records, 74 types of atmospheric circulation characteristics and the datum of rice phenology stage from 1971 to 2016. The stepwise regression function and the GM (1, 1) forecasting model and mean regression function of heat index were established respectively in every area. Heat index was dynamically forecasted, and then the results were analyzed. The results showed that the three prediction models all passed the residue test. The average regression-calculating accuracy of these models was above 95% from 1971 to 2010, they had little difference; the average forecast accuracy was 85%-99% from 2011 to 2016 and the average forecast accuracy of the GM(1, 1) forecasting model was 97%-99%, which was better than that of the stepwise regression function (91%-97%) and the mean regression function (85%-95%).

  Covering Methods: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rain-fed Forage Maize Zhou Yu’an, Liu Yuhua, Zhang Lifeng 2020, 36 (5):  8-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100025 Abstract + ( 510 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1498KB )   ( 85 ) To promote the stable and high yield and water use efficiency of forage maize in dry land of Bashang alpine and semi-arid region in northwest Hebei Province, the treatments of open-field cultivation (CK), double ridge and furrow mulching(DM), micro-ridge mulching(MM) and mulching under soil(UM) were conducted to study the effect on leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, soil moisture, yield, and water use efficiency at Zhangbei Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2016-2017. The results showed that in the wet year, the DM treatment had the best effect. Compared with those of CK, the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and soil water storage of DM were increased by 36.45%, 70.24% and 13.25%, respectively, and the yield and water use efficiency were increased by 67.24% and 87.66%, respectively. In the year of water shortage, the effect of UM treatment was the best, which increased the yield by 71.31% and the water use efficiency by 81.69% compared with CK. DM is an effective technique for improving the yield of forage maize and efficient use of precipitation in cold and arid areas. UM is more suitable for water efficient production of farmland with rich soil water storage.

  Transplanting Techniques with Plastic Film Mulching Affect Growth and Fresh Ear Yield of Fresh Corn in Alpine Region Wang Yuchao, Li Hong, Wang Ruijun, Xi Xiaoqian 2020, 36 (5):  14-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100077 Abstract + ( 483 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 124 ) To explore the effects of transplanting with plastic film mulching on the growth and fresh ear yield of fresh corn, direct-sowing with plastic-film mulching was taken as control, the effects of two cultivation methods on seedling emergence rate, growth process, plant height, ear height, ear characters and fresh ear yield of fresh corn were analyzed. The results showed that the effective seedling rate of film-mulched seedling transplanting was 15.8% higher than that of direct seeding, with obviously earlier growth process and earlier harvest period of fresh ears. Film-mulched seedling transplanting could reduce plant height and ear height, had little effect on ear length and fresh ear yield, but significant effect on bald tip. The main reasons that film-mulched seedling transplanting had no obvious effect on fresh panicle yield were that plastic film mulching seedling raising and transplanting could advance the growth process, prolong the effective filling period and increase the 100-grain weight. With the application of related supporting techniques, the advantages of film-mulched seedling transplanting could be more obvious in fresh corn production in the alpine region of northern Shanxi Province.

  Phytohemagglutinin in Common Bean Germplasm Resources: Determination and Content Variation Analysis Hu Yanqiu, Feng Guojun, Yang Xiaoxu, Liu Chang, Liu Dajun, Yan Zhishan 2020, 36 (5):  18-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700421 Abstract + ( 451 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1524KB )   ( 139 ) To study the genetic diversity and content variation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in common bean germplasm, 317 bean varieties were used to determine plant PHA in fresh pods by improved hemagglutination method. PHA contents in ‘Purple Crown’ and ‘White Pearl’ in different development stages of pods, pod walls and seeds were also measured. The results showed that the PHA content in common bean was 0.004-1.783 mg/g, and the coefficient of variation was 0.493. The frequency distribution curve was continuous and the main peak was obvious, showing an approximate normal distribution. PHA levels had significant differences among common bean populations, which showed obvious germplasm specificity and genetic diversity. Low PHA level was detected in ‘Purple Crown’ and ‘White Pearl’ pods from 4 to 6 days after flowering, indicating that the PHA in pod began to accumulate in the fourth day after flowering. The PHA of ‘Purple Crown’ and ‘White Pearl’ had the same trend with the growth and development of pods, first rose and then decreased, and then rose and decreased again, had the phenomenon of ‘double peaks’.

  PEG Affects Seed Vigor of Foxtail Millet Varieties Xin Qiuyu, Zhang Di, Fang Ruilin, Dong Zhiyou, Miao Xingfen 2020, 36 (5):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090116 Abstract + ( 432 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1355KB )   ( 85 ) The objective is to explore the effect of PEG on seed vigor of different foxtail millets varieties, and to select the most suitable PEG concentration for improving seed vigor. In this experiment, 6 different PEG8000 concentrations 0% (CK), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% were selected to treat two millets varieties ‘Gong ai 5’ and ‘Nenxuan 17’. After 24 h seed treatment, the germination test was conducted after washing and drying. The germination rate and germination potential were counted and the germination index was calculated. At the same time, the root and bud length were measured. The results showed that the germination ability and seed vigor of ‘Gong ai 5’ and ‘Nenxuan 17’ were significantly improved after treated with different PEG concentrations. The germination potential, germination rate and germination index all reached the significant level compared with that of CK, and 15% PEG showed the best ability to improve seed vigor. Through two-factor analysis of variance, the root length showed extremely significant difference between varieties and concentrations, while the bud length was not significant between the varieties, but it was significant among different concentrations. For ‘Gong ai 5’ under 15% PEG treatment, the root length and bud length increased by 0.65 cm and 1.25 cm compared with that of CK. For ‘Nenxuan 17’ under 15% PEG treatment, the root length and bud length increased by 2.26 cm and 0.42 cm compared with that of CK.

  The Application of siRNA Interference Technique in Aflatoxin Inhibition Jiao Jian, Du Peng 2020, 36 (5):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100089 Abstract + ( 344 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2128KB )   ( 53 ) Traditional methods for constructing fungal gene knockout mutants would take a long experimental period. In order to rapidly detect and high-throughput screen target genes with specific functions, small molecule RNA interference technique was used to silence the key genes of aflatoxin biosynthesis in this study, which effectively reduced the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). By designing and synthesizing artificial small interfering RNAs (artificial siRNAs) which specifically targeted the key gene aflR in aflatoxin synthesis pathway, artificial siRNAs were directly transformed into the protoplast of Aspergillus flavus, which effectively silenced the key regulator aflR gene of aflatoxin synthesis, and led to significantly decreasing AFB1 biosynthesis. The siRNAs of the other 11 target genes in the aflatoxin synthesis pathway were used in this study, protoplast transformation could directly silence these genes, and the transcription levels of these genes were significantly reduced, and among them, the amount of AFB1 biosynthesis decreased significantly after silencing hypC and aflW gene, compared to the control. In addition, using siRNA specifically targeting aflatoxin synthesize gene clusters, such as the pks-nrps gene, silencing of pks-nrps gene by siRNA interference could also significantly reduce the synthesis of AFB1. Therefore, this study relies on small molecule RNA interference technique and established a reverse genetics method for rapid detection and high-throughput screening of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway-related genes.

  Scanning Electron Microscope Observations of Two Species Feathers of Coraciiformes in Beijing Liu Lei, Han Mengyan, Liu Gang, Li Xiangtao, Xia Xiaofei 2020, 36 (5):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090119 Abstract + ( 530 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1520KB )   ( 73 ) The aim is to observe and compare the microstructure of the main-type feathers from Halcyon pileata (Alcedinidae, Coraciiformes) and Eurystomus orientalis (Coraciidae, Coraciiformes) in Beijing. The experimental process was as follows: re-identification before taking samples, confirming the sample location, taking samples, sample degreasing, ultrasonic cleaning, natural drying, ion sputtering and SEM observation. The results show that the remiges feather, rectrices feather and downy feathers are mainly composed of distal barbule and proximal barbule. The distal barbules and proximal barbules form a flexible and strong vane to reduce the air resistance. The same number of hamuli in distal barbules and the same number of ventral teeth in proximal barbules appear in the two species, and they are also constant respectively. Expansion node in Nodal branchlets of downy feathers has obvious distinction. According to the results and existing data, the feather parameters of the two species are constant and obvious, so they can be seen as a reference to distinguish different families.

  Effects of Spraying Different Potassic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Jiang Shouan, Xu Yongbo, Liu Xiaobing 2020, 36 (5):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120098 Abstract + ( 545 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 99 ) To study the effects of spraying different potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ was used as experimental material, single factor randomized block design was adopted. Three kinds of potassium fertilizers, potassium sulfate fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer and organic potassium fertilizer, were sprayed on the leaves of tobacco plants at three stages of resettling stage, fast-growing stage and squaring stage, respectively. The results showed that spraying potassium fertilizers could improve the plant height, stem girth, effective leaf number and so on. All treatments had good economic benefits and the organic potassium (treatment T2) was the best one. The yield was 2115 kg/hm 2 and the output value was 45582 yuan/hm 2. Spraying potassium sulfate fertilizer increased the ratio of fine and middle-grade tobacco by 67.7%. Spraying potassium fertilizer on leaves could increase potassium content and decrease nicotine content in tobacco leaves. In addition, potassium sulfate (treatment T1) could increase the content of reducing sugar and total sugar in upper tobacco leaves up to the required content range of high quality flue-cured tobacco, and the performance of sugar-nicotine ratio and reducing sugar-total sugar ratio was better than that of other treatments. The results showed that the use of potassium sulfate fertilizer in resettling stage, fast-growing stage and squaring stage was more suitable for the variety ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ and obviously affected the coordination of chemical components in tobacco leaves.

  Genetic Variation Analysis and Genetic Parameters Estimation of Fruit Traits of Fine Family on Half-sib Families of Wild Litchi Wu Jiefang, Ou Liangxi, Chen Jiezhen, Cai Changhe, Yan Qian, Jiang Yonghua, Li Hua 2020, 36 (5):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800556 Abstract + ( 413 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 52 ) For clarifying the inheritance of wild litchi and providing a scientific basis for the selection of wine varieties, the phenotypic traits, quality traits and maturity genetic variation were analyzed by using the half-sib that produced by natural hybridization of 26 wild No.10 litchi. Results show that: the phenotypic traits of the fruit such as fruit shape, fruit shoulder shape, peel color, crack shape, and split peak shape vary widely, 3 to 5 different types are separated. In addition to the peel color, the inheritance of other traits is more stubborn. The proportion of maternal traits is: fruit shoulder shape (55.56%)> fruit shape (44.44%)> crack shape (40.74%)> split peak shape (29.63%)> peel color (14.81%). There are significant differences among the quality traits (P<0.01), and the coefficient of variation is: single fruit weight (28.44%)> fruit thickness (17.48%)> fruit thickness (15.44%)> edible rate (12.21%)> soluble solids content (8.8%)> fruit shape index (5.59%). For the heritability, the order is single fruit quality (0.9992)> the edible rate (0.9987)> soluble solids content (0.9753)> fruit shape index (0.9733)> flesh thickness (0.9663)> peel thickness (0.9585). For the genetic gain, the order is single fruit quality (87.74%)> fruit thickness (48.32%)> fruit thickness (30.16%)> edible rate (17.96%)> soluble solid content (14.37%)> fruit shape index(-4.77%). The single fruit weight has the highest coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic gain, showing outstanding results at these three indexes, indicating the trait is subject to stubborn genetic control, and has more possibilities in the choice of future generations. 9 specific individuals are selected, 8 single plants for high-solubility solid content (≥18.5%), and one single plant for high edible rate (≥80%), representing a good improvement effect.

  Stumping of Caragana korshinskii Kom During Growth Period: Effects on the Storage of Nutrients in Roots Wen Xuefei 2020, 36 (5):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090027 Abstract + ( 354 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1556KB )   ( 81 ) The paper aims to study the effects of stumping on the storage of conventional nutrients and soluble nutrients in the roots of Caragana korshinskii Kom in different months. The author determined the conventional nutrients by the feed monitoring method and the soluble nutrients by referring to the Phytophysical Experiment Guide and Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment Principles and Techniques. The results showed that: with the delay of the stumping time, the protein content of the roots of Caragana korshinskii Kom decreased gradually, and the interaction between starch and fat was coordinated to maintain life or regeneration; soluble carbohydrates were the main storage nutrients of Caragana korshinskii Kom roots which was sensitive to the response of Caragana korshinskii Kom in different months; the ratio of soluble sugar to soluble starch increased gradually with the increase of the month which was beneficial to the plant against frost damage; simultaneously, stumping in the germination period and the first frost period had a greater influence on the nutrients of Caragana korshinskii Kom roots. In summary, the best time for stumping of Caragana korshinskii Kom during growth period should be from April to August.

  Research Status of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in Soil Environment Based on Bibliometrics Wu Mingjie, Wang He, Wu Yining, Wang Weihua, Zou Hongfei 2020, 36 (5):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100049 Abstract + ( 360 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1424KB )   ( 61 ) With the development of industry and agriculture, human activities are leading to the increasing pollution of soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as heavy use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides, oil exploitation, transportation, etc. The pollution of PAHs in soil has become an urgent problem to be solved by the world. Studies showed that degradation was the most leading way to remove PAHs from soil. To further understand recent situation of soil PAHs degradation research, relevant literatures from 2000 to 2017 were studied with quantitative analysis by selecting the collection database of the Web of Science core. The results showed that the number of published papers generally increased on a world wide scale, the number of China’s publications ranked the first, followed by that of the United States. The number of published papers by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Nanjing Agricultural University ranked the top two among global research institutions. The key journals in this field were International Biodeterioration Biodegradation, Journal of Hazarodous Materials and Chemosphere, etc. At the same time, the key words of the 15 years were analyzed and the hot direction of PAHs degradation research was pointed out. Of which, the relevant research carried out by China was extremely important. This study describes the research status in the field of PAHs degradation in soil environment worldwide, and provides certain references for further research in this field in China.

  Fermenting Organic Fertilizer by Biological Compound Bacteria in Tibet Nimazhaxi, Ma Ruiping, Pubuguiji, Bianbazhuoma, Li Xue, Xie Yongchun 2020, 36 (5):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100063 Abstract + ( 388 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 69 ) 5 kinds of biological compound bacteria were added to organic wastes including sheep dung, oil residue and liquor to study the fermentation organic fertilizer in Lhasa, the finished products were used for oat planting test. The results show that: the organic fertilizer fermented by adding compound bacteria substantially meets the national production standard of organic fertilizer, the finished product has a high content of organic matter and total nutrient by fermentation of adding M3 bacteria, the highest oats yield is achieved after M5 fermented organic fertilizer. Soil organic matter could increase significantly while actinomycetes and fungi in the soil have obvious growth after using bio-organic fertilizer, activating soil nutrients to dramatically increase hydrolysable nitrogen and available phosphorus.

  Effect of Comprehensive Cadmium Reduction Technology on Cadmium Content in Paddy Fields with Light Heavy Metal Pollution Ding Jun, Tang Xiwen 2020, 36 (5):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110128 Abstract + ( 468 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 92 ) A field experiment was conducted to explore the adaptability of different combination models of “VIP+n” cadmium-reduction technology in light cadmium pollution field at Yangjiaqiao Town, Xiangtan County, using early rice (‘Zhongjiazao 17’ and ‘Xiangzaoxian 24’) and late rice (‘Hyou 518’ and ‘Yueyou 27’) as materials. Focusing on the ecology, economy and planting habits of the areas with light cadmium pollution, the best localization technology mode of “VIP+n” of the county was constructed. The results showed that the cadmium content in early rice was lower than that in late rice. Different combinations of “VIP+n” cadmium-reduction technologies had good adaptability in areas with light cadmium pollution and the cadmium reduction rate was at least above 40%, which could reduce the cadmium content of rice to be lower than the national standard of 0.2 mg/kg. Thus, the remediation technology combination of “local rice variety + lime” is the optimum promotion mode to reduce cadmium content of rice in farmland lightly polluted by heavy metals in terms of ecological benefit, economic benefit and cadmium-reduction of rice.

  The Abundance-deficiency Indexes of Soil NPK and Appropriate Fertilization Rates for Potato in China Sun Hongren, Gang Lihua, Zhang Jiping, Lv Yucai, Wang Yinghai 2020, 36 (5):  78-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090087 Abstract + ( 520 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1489KB )   ( 91 ) The abundance-deficiency index (ADI) of soil N,P,K and the appropriate fertilizer application rates for potato in China were studied. The methods of scattered theoretical data integration and the new applied formula based on “nutrient balance and projected yield minus soil fertility yield” for determining the appropriate fertilizer application rates were employed. The results show that the ADI of soil total nitrogen for potato in China from the first to the seventh level are ≥2.22, 1.55-2.22, 1.08-1.55, 0.76-1.08, 0.53-0.76, 0.37-0.53 and ＜0.37 g/kg, respectively. The ADI of soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are ≥306, 203-306, 135-203, 90~135, 60~90, 40~60 and ＜40 mg/kg. The ADI of soil available P (Olsen-P) from the first to the seventh level in north China are ≥50, 25-50, 13-25, 7-13, 4-7, 2-4 and ＜2 mg/kg, respectively. The ADI of soil available P (Olsen-P) from the first to the sixth level in south China are ≥81, 43-81, 27-43, 15-27, 4-15 and ＜4 mg/kg. The ADI of soil available K (NH4OAc-K) from the first to the sixth level in China were ≥307, 182-307, 120-182, 72-120, 31-72 and ＜31 mg/kg, respectively. When the N, P and K fertilizer use efficiency of current season is 40%, 20% and 50%, respectively, and the projected yield of potato is 15-75 t/hm 2, the ranges of appropriate N fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0, 23-113, 45-225, 68-338, 90-450, 113-563 and 135-675 kg/hm 2, respectively. The ranges of the appropriate P fertilizer application rates from the first to the seventh level soil are 0-0, 12-60, 24-120, 36-180, 48-240, 60-300 and 72-360 kg/hm 2. The ranges of the appropriate K fertilizer application rates from the first to the sixth level soil are 0-0, 21-105, 42-210, 63-315, 84-420, 105-525 and 126-630 kg/hm 2, respectively.

  A Review on Silicon: Effect on Rice Growth and Its Mechanism of Relieving Cadmium Toxicity Dai Qingyun, Liu Daihuan, Wang Dexin, Li Pengxiang, Zhu Wei, Gui Juan 2020, 36 (5):  86-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100012 Abstract + ( 724 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1449KB )   ( 219 ) The aim is to provide references for developing high-efficiency silicon fertilizer and controlling cadmium pollution in farmland. The authors summarized the effects of silicon fertilizer application on rice growth and development, including increasing the yield and quality, improving the resistance to lodging, insect pests, and drought, especially enhancing the resistance to cadmium toxicity. In addition, from the aspect of physiology and soil science, the possible mechanism of silicon fertilizer to alleviating cadmium poisoning was analyzed. From the aspect of the physiological mechanism, by involving in physiological metabolic activities of rice, silicon enhances the enzyme activity in antioxidant system and the scavenging ability of free radicals. Silicon inhibits cadmium uptaking and its transportation in rice. Silicon and cadmium have the chelation and segmentation in rice. From the soil science mechanism, silicon fertilizer changes the physical and chemical properties of soil, reduces the content of available cadmium in soil. Silicon and cadmium have the adsorption and precipitation, which could reduce cadmium uptake by rice. Finally, the prospect of the development and utilization of silicon fertilizer and its technology extension are discussed.

  Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Efficiency: Research Progress Wang Xiangling, Song Baiquan 2020, 36 (5):  93-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010134 Abstract + ( 749 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 277 ) The aim is to provide a scientific basis for improving crop nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency, reducing resource waste, decreasing environmental pollution and increasing crop yield. This study reviews the research results of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in recent years at home and abroad, and analyzes the research history, current status and existing problems of nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency from the research methods and the influencing factors of nitrogen use efficiency. It is concluded that the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in China was low, and lack of scientific in fertilization, such as the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, the serious nitrogen fertilizer volatilization and nitrification and denitrification loss, the inconsistent fertilization period and application rate with the nitrogen absorption rule of crops, and the comparatively simple fertilizer varieties and so on. It is recommended to combine the formula fertilization by soil testing, real-time supervision to reasonably determine the type, amount, application methods and fertilizing period, strengthen development and extension of new technologies such as new type of fertilizer and fertilizer synergists, and highlight the mining and application of crop nitrogen efficient variety resources, thus to improve nitrogen use efficiency from various aspects such as soil, fertilizer, variety and management methods.

  The Potential and Technological Approaches of China’s Farmland to Mitigate Climate Change Ruan Junmei, Song Zhenwei, Wang Quanhui, Wang Li 2020, 36 (5):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190800585 Abstract + ( 573 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 113 ) Climate change, characterized by global warming, is one of the biggest environmental problems facing human beings, which has a significant impact on agricultural production and food security. To enhance the response and adapting to climate change of crops, increase carbon sequestration, and reduce greenhouse gas emission have become an urgent task for China’s agricultural production. The present study briefly analyzed the current situation of carbon sequestration in China’s agriculture, and summarized the relevant technical systems of coping with climate change in China’s agricultural production. Based on the analysis of the potential and technical approaches in adapting and mitigating climate change in China agricultural production, the research on increasing the potential of agricultural carbon sequestration in the future is prospected to provide a reference for the sustainable development of agriculture in China under the background of climate change.

  Spatiotemporal Variation of Surface Temperature in Jilin Province and Its Influencing Factors Ren Jingquan, Liu Yuxi, Wang Liwei, Wang Liang, Wang Dongni, Guo Chunming, Cao Tiehua 2020, 36 (5):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090094 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1954KB )   ( 107 ) To understand the rules of the spatiotemporal variation of surface temperature in Jilin Province and its influencing factors, an analysis was conducted based on the meteorological data of 46 meteorological stations during 1961-2015, by means of climate statistics and diagnosis. The results showed that the mean value of surface temperature of the period displayed a declining trend from west to east; the climate tendency rate increased first and then decreased from west to east; and the temperature increase range in stations with high surface temperature was lower than those with low surface temperature. The seasonal mean temperature of years exhibited an order of summer>spring>autumn>winter. The surface temperature was the lowest in January and the highest in July, and rose at a rate of 0.70℃/10 a from 1961 to 2015, with the climate tendency rate of 0.44, 0.36, 0.51 and 1.50℃/10 a in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Abrupt change of winter and annual mean surface temperature was found in 2001 and 1993, respectively. Most abnormal years of the surface temperature were the years with abnormal warming after 2010. Future seasonal and annual mean surface temperature will witness a rising trend. Elevation is the main geographical factor affecting the surface temperature, and temperature is the main climatic factor. Summer precipitation affects the surface temperature negatively, while winter precipitation is in contrary.

  Competitive Effect Between Invasive Plant Tagetes minuta and Native Hordeum vulgare Qiu Xiaoyu, Luo Jian, Tu Yanli, Li Hongchi 2020, 36 (5):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100123 Abstract + ( 364 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1428KB )   ( 191 ) To explore the competitive relationship between the invasive plants and the native plants, this study used Tagetes minuta and Hordeum vulgare as experimental materials, and adopted the addition series experiment method, to carry out the control experiment in greenhouse by mixing single species and different proportions. The results showed that: (1) interspecies competition reduced the biomass and water content of Tagetes minuta but increased its plant height; the biomass, water content and plant height of Hordeum vulgare were reduced; (2) the relative yield (RYTm) of Tagetes minuta was 0.78-0.98, the difference was not significant; the relative yield (RYHv) of Hordeum vulgare was 0.09-0.73, the difference was significant; the influence of mixed planting on Tagetes minuta was less than that on Hordeum vulgare; (3) the sum of their relative yield (RYT) of Tagetes minuta and Hordeum vulgare was 0.53-0.86, which indicated the two used common resources and had a competitive relationship; (4) the competitive aggressivity coefficient (A) of Tagetes minuta on Hordeum vulgare was 0.23-0.80, and Tagetes minuta was more competitive than Hordeum vulgare. The study reveals that interspecies competition is more than intraspecies competition when Tagetes minuta and Hordeum vulgare are mixed planted, Tagetes minuta is more competitive than Hordeum vulgare, and could affect the normal growth of Hordeum vulgare.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Quality for Organic Meat Goose Production in Shangsheng Township, Baiquan County Chen Lei, Cai Shanshan, Wei Dan, Xiao Yang 2020, 36 (5):  115-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100045 Abstract + ( 315 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1440KB )   ( 164 ) The soil and water quality of Jinbu watershed in Shangsheng of Baiquan are analyzed to provide necessary basis and data support for a production base of organic meat goose. The soil parameters evaluated are the nutrients and heavy metal contents, and the water parameters evaluated are the pH value and the fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal contents. The results show that the soil in the region is in high fertility level of grade 1. Heavy metal contents in the soil accord with the soil environmental quality standards for organic food production areas, the comprehensive pollution index P≤0.7, which is of grade 1. The water quality is suitable for poultry and livestock and complies with the environmental quality standards for organic food production areas, the single-item and comprehensive pollution indices is ＜1.0 and ≤0.5, respectively, making the overall water quality grade 1. Goose farming based on grazing and free-range model could be promoted on different land use types. The typical survey area is an ideal location for the development of organic goose farming.

  Online Calibration of Environmental Monitoring in Solar Greenhouse Based on Internet of Things Hua Jing, Wang Xiujuan, Wang Haoyu, Guo Shaoxin, Kang Mengzhen 2020, 36 (5):  120-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100028 Abstract + ( 582 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2127KB )   ( 92 ) Greenhouse environmental conditions, especially temperature, play a crucial role in crop growth and development. Temperature is one of the main environmental factors that can be regulated in the greenhouse. However, under natural environment, the light condition takes effect on temperature level, which further influences the monitoring precision of air temperature. Based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm in machine learning, an intelligent algorithm was proposed which calibrated the monitored temperature according to the illumination level. By comparing the calibrated air temperatures with the monitored data, the results indicated that the proposed method could monitor accurately the air temperature without using insulation materials or shading treatment, which was the basis for regulating the environmental factors. With this method, online temperature data could be obtained using commonly-used industrial device, which could save cost and provide accurate data for greenhouse control.

  Research on Evaluation System of Agricultural Informatization in the Great Lakes Region of China based on the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone Yang fang 2020, 36 (5):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190900634 Abstract + ( 428 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 106 ) Agricultural informatization in the great lakes region of China is the key for it to achieve sustainable development. It integrates information resources, promote the integration of information technology, unblock information channel and promote agricultural information service to extend to grass-roots level in the Dongting lake eco-economic zone. Based on the principles of scientificity, systematicness, comparability and operability, the issue design evaluation index structure and weight of the agricultural informatization on the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone and evaluate the development of agricultural informatization from 2011 to 2016. New research shows that it present inverted U-shaped development trend, there are significant differences in the growth rate of the first-level indicators and there is inadequate application of agricultural information technology. The issue suggest that it should strengthen the application of agricultural information technology, increase investment in agricultural informatization and improve the relevant institutional arrangements. By analysis, the issue hope to provide the reference effect for the study on the sustainable development of agriculture in the Great Lakes Region of China.

  N and P Purification in Aquatic Water with Three Plants Yu Zhenhai, Chen Youguang, Lu Hong, Zheng Yuzhen, Liu Hongcai, Sun Hua 2020, 36 (5):  131-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090140 Abstract + ( 422 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1451KB )   ( 134 ) To study the suitable plants for N and P purification in aquatic water, Eichhornia crassipes, Spirodela polyrrhiza and Ipomoea aquatica were selected as test subjects. The biomass gradients were set up. The water samples were taken once every 5 days. The indexes of N and P such as TN, NO3 -, NO2 -, NH4 +-N and TP in aquatic water were determined and analyzed. The effects of different plants, biomass gradients and experimental time on N and P purification were studied. The results showed that the three plants grew normally and had good purification capacity for N and P in aquatic water. The three plants had better effect on N purification in 10-15 days, and on P purification in 15-20 days. The biomass of Eichhornia crassipes, Spirodela polyrrhiza and Ipomoea aquatica with the best purification effect on N and P was 2000-2500 g/m 3, 150-200 g/m 3 and 800-1600g/m 3, respectively. All the three kinds of plants can be used to purify N and P of aquatic water, the order of the purification effect on TN, TP, NO3 - was Ipomoea aquatica > Spirodela polyrrhiza > Eichhornia crassipes, while on NO2 -、NH4 +-N was Eichhornia crassipes> Ipomoea aquatica > Spirodela polyrrhiza. Eichhornia crassipes is more suitable for the purification of N and P in aquatic water.

  A Pathogen from Grass Carp with Hepatobiliary Syndrome Complicated with Bacterial Disease: Isolation, Identification and Drug Susceptibility Test Rao Yi, Fu Huiyun, Chen Wenjing, Huang Jiangfeng, Zhou Zhiyong, Jin Youping, Xu Xiandong 2020, 36 (5):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120095 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1448KB )   ( 215 ) The pathogen identification and drug susceptibility test were performed on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) that suffered from an acute disease in a fish farm in Gaojialing town, Poyang County, Jiangxi Province in June 2016. The aim was to determine and identify the cause of death and provide reference for effective prevention and control of the disease in future. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated and purified from grass carp with hepatobiliary syndrome by bacterial isolation method under aseptic condition. The morphological, biochemical analysis, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and gyrB sequence analysis were used to identify the strains, and the challenge test was conducted to obtain LD50 of grass carp. The drug susceptibility test was conducted by a filter paper diffusion method. The results showed that a pathogenic bacteria strain was isolated from grass carp. The pathogen was identified as Aeromonas veronii, called PYG1. PYG1 could infect grass fish, and the LD50 was 1.5×10 4CFU/g. The drug susceptibility test showed that the strain was susceptible or moderately susceptible to 9 kinds of drugs, including aminoglycosides, second-generation and third-generation cephalosporins and ofloxacin, and was resistant to other drugs tested, and was a strongly resistant strain. In conclusion, the pathogen of grass carp is A. veronii PYG1, which could be controlled with aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and quinolones.

  Supply and Demand Influence Factors of Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Agricultural Technical Training Organized by Government Wang Yulin, Xiang Jie, Liu Shenglin 2020, 36 (5):  144-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090107 Abstract + ( 466 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1415KB )   ( 145 ) To study the participation of farmers in agricultural technical training organized by the government, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 302 farmers in Chengdu through the orderly logistic regression model and DEMATEL model,and the factors influencing farmers' participation in training and the reasonable organization of training were studied from the aspects of demand and supply. The research shows that the degree of education, the proportion of agricultural income, the form of training, the minimum training subsidy, the policy propaganda and the difficulty of land transfer are important factors affecting farmers' participation in training, the training purpose and form are the keys to well-arranged training. Therefore, it is proposed that rural basic education investment and training should be strengthened, and we should balance the supply and demand of farmers' training by fully considering the needs of farmers, and steadily improve farmers' farming income by standardizing land transfer.

  Cultivation of Talents with Agricultural Machinery Professional Skills in China: Current Situation and Demand Analysis Ma Chao, Wu Jiantao 2020, 36 (5):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000725 Abstract + ( 343 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 212 ) Talents with agricultural machinery professional skills are the important support and guarantee to the all-round, high-quality and efficient development of agricultural mechanization and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. To realize agricultural modernization, it is essential to improve the level of talents with agricultural machinery professional skills and provide effective talent supply through technical training and skill appraisal. By analyzing the effect and problems of the cultivation, we predict the demand for talents with agricultural machinery professional skills, study the key points, directions and objectives of talents’ training, and put forward specific measures and suggestions with a view to providing references to professional talents’ cultivation administration departments and training institutions.

  Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives Promoting the Rural Revitalization Strategy: Empirical Analysis of Taicang City Chen Juan, Ma Guosheng 2020, 36 (5):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090113 Abstract + ( 735 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 187 ) As a kind of institutional innovation and organizational innovation, farmers' specialized cooperatives are of significance to the rural revitalization. Taking Taicang City of Jiangsu Province as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation of the development of farmers' specialized cooperatives in Taicang combining with field investigation and literature research, and focuses on the analysis of organizational forms and structural characteristics of farmers' specialized cooperatives. Taking some typical cooperatives as cases, this paper expounds the promoting role of Taicang farmers' specialized cooperatives in rural revitalization from three aspects of strong agriculture, rural beauty and farmers' wealth. The problems in the development of farmers' specialized cooperatives are pointed out and the rationalization suggestions for serving the rural revitalization strategy are put forward.