Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.27 Published:25 September 2025

  Transfer of Shoot Absorbed Cd to Root and Its Effect on Nutrient Elements Absorption in Hydroponic Wheat ZHAO Linlin, LIU Pengkun, XING Weiqin, WANG Liping, YANG Yongqiang, HUANG Xinjun, QIU Kunyan, LI Liping 2025, 41 (27):  1-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0059 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 23 ) The objective of this study was to investigate whether Cd absorbed by wheat shoot can be transported to the roots, and its effects on the uptake of Cu, Mn, and Zn by the plant, and whether leaf-tip cutting could promote Cd absorption by the leaves. Wheat seedling shoots were immersed in Cd solutions (0, 50, and 100 mg/L) for 24 hours, and an additional treatment with one-third of the leaf tips cut for the 50 mg/L treatment was set up. Wheat samples were collected at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after Cd exposure to analyze shoot and root length, biomass, as well as the concentration and accumulation of Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn in the shoots and roots. The results showed that, under Cd treatments, Cd concentrations in shoots and roots ranged from 216-614 mg/kg and 3.24-13.2 mg/kg, respectively. On all four sampling dates, Cd concentrations in roots under Cd treatments were significantly higher than the control (P<0.05). The proportion of Cd accumulated in roots relative to total plant accumulation ranged from 0.164% to 0.487%, and no significant differences were observed across the four sampling times for root Cd accumulation. No significant differences (P>0.05) in Cd concentration or accumulation of shoot and root were found between the two 50 mg/L treatments (intact vs. cut leaves). Only on 14th day, the Cd concentration of the 100 mg/L treatment was significantly greater than the 50 mg/L treatment (P<0.05). At certain sampling times, Zn concentration in shoots and roots, as well as Cu concentration in roots of the Cd treatments were significantly lower than the control (P<0.05). These results indicated that Cd applied to wheat shoot was transported to the roots as early as on 1st day after the exposure. However, after the Cd exposure ended, Cd accumulated in the shoots was no longer transported to the roots. Leaf-tip cutting did not enhance Cd absorption in the shoots. Moreover, Cd transported from shoots to roots inhibited Zn and Cu uptake by the roots.

  Alien-Derived Progeny Populations of Wheat from Qinghai Plateau: Genetic Variation Analysis of Agronomic and Seed Traits LIU Shufeng, SHEN Jicheng, YANG Youlai, LIU Ruijuan, CHEN Wenjie, LIU Demei 2025, 41 (27):  11-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0324 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1847KB )   ( 2 ) To improve disease resistance and yield of spring wheat in the Qinghai Plateau, an F4 population was constructed using the elite local cultivar 'Gaoyuan 448' as the female parent and the CIMMYT disease-resistant germplasm 'Mucuy' as the male parent. Systematic analysis of 145 families revealed abundant variation in agronomic traits, with coefficients of variation for plant height, tiller number, spike length, spikelet number per spike, and grain number per spike being 11.67%, 54.09%, 14.74%, 11.58%, and 27.14%, respectively; among grain traits, grain area and perimeter showed variations of 24.54% and 9.39%. Correlation analysis indicated highly significant positive correlations (P<0.01) between grain number per spike and grain size traits (area r=0.55, perimeter r=0.57) as well as spikelet number (r=0.37). Principal component analysis extracted four principal components (cumulative contribution rate 83.117%), with grain morphology indicators contributing 46.824%. Based on comprehensive membership function values, 25 elite lines (comprehensive index >5.0) were selected, combining field evaluation for adult-plant resistance to stripe rust, seven lines were developed that integrate the high-yield spike architecture of 'Gaoyuan 448' (with >16 spikelets per spike and >44 grains per spike) and the disease resistance characteristics of 'Mucuy'. This study provides novel germplasm resources and theoretical support for breeding disease-resistant and high-yielding wheat cultivars in Qinghai.

  Screening of Shade-tolerant Summer Maize Varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Region HAN Wenwen, JIANG Yanhua, ZHANG Xinru, WU Zhihua, SHI Lingxin, TANG Zhiyi, CUI Yanhong, DU Xiong, GAO Zhen 2025, 41 (27):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0648 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 16 ) To select shade-tolerant maize cultivars adapted to low-light conditions in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and thereby improve maize yield in this area, twelve widely cultivated maize cultivars in the region were selected as experimental materials. These cultivars were subjected to a 6-day shading treatment starting at the tasseling stage, and indicators, including silk number, dry matter accumulation, and yield, were measured. The results showed that shading significantly reduced the silk number, silk length, dry matter accumulation, and yield, with the extent of reduction varying among different cultivars. On average, yield decreased by 91.64%, corresponding to a reduction of 11.79 t/hm2. Further analysis revealed that ear diameter, ear length, number of kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight, silk number, and silk length were all significantly positively correlated with yield, indicating that these indicators could serve as effective criteria for evaluating shade tolerance in maize. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of shade tolerance traits and cluster analysis, ‘Jingke 968’, ‘Denghai 605’, and ‘Xundan 20’ were ultimately identified as shade-tolerant cultivars.

  Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Gynophores and Pods Development and Yield of Spring Peanut GAO Minghui, BI Haibin, ZHUO Ma, YANG Ping, NIU Zhonglei, ZHANG Haijuan, GONG Suxia, GONG Fajiang, WANG Dongfeng, QI Gui, LI Na 2025, 41 (27):  28-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0766 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 6 ) In order to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the development of peanut gynophores and pods and to increase the yield of peanut, the effects of three cultivation methods were systematically studied with ‘Weihua 21’ peanut cultivar as the research object. The three cultivation methods included pen-frame ridging + double seed hole sowing, conventional ridging + single seed precision sowing, pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing, with the conventional flat ridge double seed sowing as the control. The results showed that pen-frame ridging could improve the total number of gynophores in each period, and each treatment could improve the rate of gynophores buried penetration in each period obviously; Three treatments could increase the number, proportion and burial rate of gynophores in the second and third lateral branches, and reduce the number, proportion and burial rate of gynophores in the main stem compared with CK; pen-frame ridging could increase the number and proportion of short gynophores and medium gynophores, pen-frame ridging and single seed precision sowing could reduce the number of long gynophores, increase the number of double-pod and single-pod, and reduce the number of ineffective-pod, all treatments could increase peanut yield by 11.65%, 4.57%, 24.52%, and the effect of pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing was the most obviously. To sum up, pen-frame ridging and single-grain precision sowing can promote the development of peanut gynophores and pods, and increase the yield. Pen-frame ridging + single seed precision sowing has the most significant effect on improving the yield, which is suitable for popularization in production.

  Effects of Magnesium Fertilization on Calcium and Magnesium Nutrients and Softness of Flue-cured Tobacco in Jingxi ZHOU Xiaofeng, LI Jiaqi, ZHANG Lijun, LIN Haidong, LIN Xiaoxing, LI Xiang, YANG Xiping, HU Yajie 2025, 41 (27):  36-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0099 Abstract + ( 52 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1543KB )   ( 10 ) In the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi, the soil exhibited high calcium and low magnesium levels, along with a relatively high calcium to magnesium ratio. This led to the magnesium deficiency and chlorosis in tobacco leaves and resulted in smooth and rigid symptoms in flue-cured tobacco. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive survey of soil nutrients in the tobacco-planting areas of Huadong and Tongde Township in Jingxi, and generated a spatial distribution map of soil nutrients. To investigate magnesium fertilizer application schemes under different calcium levels, experimental plots with three distinct calcium levels were established: (A: medium calcium, B: medium-high calcium and C: extremely high calcium). Within each plot, four magnesium fertilizer application rates were set up: CK (60 kg/hm2), T1 (180 kg/hm2), T2 (300 kg/hm2) and T3 (420 kg/hm2). The agronomic traits during key growth stages of tobacco, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the soil at maturity, the calcium and magnesium contents in tobacco plants, and the softness of tobacco leaves were measured. The results showed that the soils in the main tobacco-planting areas of Jingxi generally presented high calcium and low magnesium levels. The magnesium fertilizer application results indicated that in plots A (suitable calcium) and C (extremely high calcium), the T3 treatment (420 kg/hm2 magnesium fertilizer) significantly increased plant height, leaf number and maximum leaf area of flue-cured tobacco compared with the CK control (60 kg/hm2). There was a significant positive correlation between the magnesium application amounts and the magnesium contents in the leaves and soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium in the plots A and C, a significant negative correlation with the calcium content in the roots of the plot A, the calcium content in the leaves of the plot B, and the calcium content in the soil of the plot C. Increasing the application of magnesium fertilizer enhanced the magnesium content in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The T2 treatment in plots A and C significantly improved the softness of flue-cured tobacco. When the magnesium fertilizer application amount was in the range of 173.58-445.05 kg/hm2, the softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves in all three plots reached a soft category, indicating that magnesium fertilizer application could improve the softness of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. In conclusion, increasing magnesium fertilizer application can enhance both the magnesium content and softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves, thereby alleviating the smooth and rigid symptoms observed in tobacco leaves. Specifically, when the magnesium fertilizer application amount is 300 kg/hm2, the improvement effect of various indicators of flue-cured tobacco is relatively significant. This study provides important soil nutrient data for the improvement of flue-cured tobacco planting in Jingxi and may serve as a scientific reference for tobacco production in other high-calcium regions, which is of great significance for enhancing leaf quality and industrial efficiency.

  Bibliometric-based Analysis of Effects of Exogenous Substances in Mitigating Abiotic Stresses in Crops ZHANG Rui, ZHANG Jiao, CUI Shiyou, YU Qingyuan, ZHU Yuheng, YANG Shuo, TIAN Jinyu, CHE Feiwei, CHEN Yinglong, WEI Huanhe, DAI Qigen, CHEN Pengjun 2025, 41 (27):  44-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0073 Abstract + ( 43 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2279KB )   ( 5 ) In order to comprehensively understand the research status of exogenous substances in the field of abiotic stress in plants, we used bibliometric method to search for 1172 high-quality papers in the field of exogenous substances affecting abiotic stress in the Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2023 under the headings of “stress” and “exogenous”, and we used BibExcel and VOSviewer to analyze the 1172 papers retrieved papers. The results show that Asian countries such as Pakistan, India, and China have contributed the most to this research area, and the institutions with the highest academic output are the University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Northwest A&F Univeristy. Since 2018, this research area has shifted from steady growth to a phase of rapid development, the proportion of paper output to the total number of published papers reached 62.1%. Among them, Guo Shirong from Nanjing Agricultural University is the expert in this research area with an H-index of 15. The most studied exogenous substance is melatonin, and microbial-derived plant protectants are expected to be the next hot research direction for abiotic stress mitigation. Through quantitative analysis, this study reveals the research trends and hotspots of exogenous substances to alleviate the effects of crop abiotic stress, provides a reference for maximizing the development of crop yield potential under abiotic stress, and provides valuable clues for future research directions. The existing research on the mechanism of action of exogenous substances is not sufficient. In the future, the mechanism research at the molecular level can be further strengthened, and the development and application of microbial plant protective agents can be further explored.

  Growth Models and Smart Planting Technologies for Greenhouse Tomatoes: Research Progress and Future Prospects XU Jia, ZHENG Jianhua, HE Peng, GU Le, HUO Yao, TANG Shunjie 2025, 41 (27):  54-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0747 Abstract + ( 61 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1877KB )   ( 29 ) This study aims to comprehensively analyze the major advancements in growth models and smart planting technologies for greenhouse tomatoes, providing scientific insights for sustainable development in greenhouse tomato industry. Using bibliometrics, combined with InCites and VOSviewer, this study systematically reviews and analyzes research outcomes and trends in the field across dimensions of country, institution, author, and research topic. Over the past two decades, global research attention on greenhouse tomatoes has significantly increased, with active research in China, Spain, and Canada. Foreign studies focus on environmental sustainability and resource-use efficiency, while domestic research emphasizes integrated water-fertilizer management and soil micro-environment regulation. Among growth models, explanatory models demonstrate superior performance. Smart sensing and decision-making technology have substantially improved production efficiency and product quality in irrigation-fertilization, pest and disease monitoring, and fruit identification and harvesting, while optimizing production management and laying the foundation for agricultural automation and intelligence. Future research should deepen growth-model developments to enhance predictive accuracy and adaptability, promote integrated development of intelligent technologies to advance smart greenhouse tomato cultivation, strengthen breeding for stress-resistant cultivars and precision irrigation-fertilization techniques, and advance the precision and intelligence of pest and disease identification technologies.

  Effect of Earthworm and Biochar Coupled Composting on Decomposition Process of Organic Components in Sludge ZHANG Jizhou, YUAN Lei, LV Pin, WANG Limin, LI Wenqi, YU Zhimin 2025, 41 (27):  71-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0346 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1949KB )   ( 25 ) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Eisenia foetida and corn stover biochar coupled composting on the decomposition of organic components in the mixture of sewage sludge and corn stover. Chemical testing combined with FTIR and 2DCOS technologies were applied to analyze the changes of chemical properties, organic matter composition and degradation sequence in material during composting. The results showed that by the end of composting, inoculation of earthworms could significantly reduce the pH of sludge, while adding biochar did not significantly change the pH of sludge; adding earthworms and biochar could increase the electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) content in sludge, with earthworms having a greater effect than biochar. Adding earthworms and biochar could alter the structure of functional groups in sludge and increase the relative peak area ratio of 1633/2924. FTIR combined with 2DCOS analysis showed that the separate application of earthworms and biochar could slightly alter the degradation process of organic matter, while the coupling application of earthworms and biochar could completely change the degradation process of organic matter, shifting from preferentially decomposing aliphatic compounds to preferentially decomposing aromatic compounds. This research showed that the coupling treatment of sewage sludge with earthworms and biochar could promote the maturation of compost and improve the fertilizer efficiency of compost products. The coupling composting technology of earthworms and biochar was an effective means to ensure efficient decomposition and maturation of sewage sludge, ultimately forming high-quality organic fertilizers.

  Effect of Application Periods of Straw Composting Agent on Soil Fertility and Soil Enzyme Activity LIU Naijia, SA Rula, YANG Hengshan, TAI Jicheng, WU Yunlong 2025, 41 (27):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0156 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 21 ) To select the optimal period for applying straw composting agents when returning corn straw to the field in soils of different textures, experiments on returning corn straw to the field were conducted in medium loam and sandy loam soils in the irrigation area of the West Liaohe Plain from 2021 to 2022, and three treatments were set up: composting agent + straw returning in spring; composting agent + straw returning in autumn; and straw returning alone (CK). The effects of combined application of straw composting agent at different periods on corn yield, soil fertility and enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that in 2021, compared with CK, there were no significant differences in corn yield and its constituent factors among the treatments, but they affected soil enzyme activities. In medium loam soil, applying composting agent in combination in autumn could increase the activities of soil sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase, while in sandy loam soil, it could increase the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase. In 2022, compared with CK, the application of composting agents in both medium loam soil in spring and sandy loam soil in autumn increased the thousand-grain weight and the number of effective ears, thereby increasing the corn yield. In medium loam soil, applying composting agent in spring could increase the activity of soil cellulase, while in sandy loam soil, applying composting agent in autumn could increase the activities of soil sucrase and cellulase. The application of composting agent in medium loam soil in autumn increased the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soils by 24.11%, 27.79% and 23.08% respectively, while the increase in the contents of available potassium and available phosphorus in soil was relatively large when composting agents were applied in spring. The combined application of composting agents in sandy loam soil in both spring and autumn increased the content of available nutrients in the soil, among which the combined application in autumn had a greater increase. The application of composting agents in medium loam and sandy loam both increased the soil organic matter content by 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm respectively. The increase was greater when composting agents were applied in autumn in medium loam, while the opposite was true in sandy loam. The application of composting agents when returning straw to the field in spring in medium loam soil could effectively increase soil nutrient content and enhance corn yield. In sandy loam soil, the effect of returning straw to the field in autumn combined with the application of composting agents is better.

  Effects of Dryland-to-paddy Conversion on Soil Microbial Necromass Carbon Accumulation in Karst Area of Southern Guizhou CAI Yu, XIAO Jiujun, LIAO Xiaofeng, DONG Yanyan, PAN Bojuan, XIE Yuangui 2025, 41 (27):  85-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0164 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2225KB )   ( 23 ) Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is a crucial component of soil organic carbon (SOC). The conversion of large-scale dryland to paddy fields has been recently implemented to improve farmland quality and security. However, the accumulation patterns and underlying mechanisms of MNC following such conversions are still unclear. In this study, the paddy field reconstruction project in Pingtang County, Guizhou Province was taken as the research object. The changes of soil physicochemical properties, organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon and microbial necromass carbon before and after the convertion were systematically analyzed, and the effect of paddy field reconstruction on the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon was discussed. Through analysis of soil physicochemical properties, SOC, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and MNC, we elucidated conversion-induced impacts on MNC sequestration. The results showed dryland-to-paddy conversion significantly reduced the contents of TN, TP, AP, AN and AK by 33.1%, 28.3%, 70.4%, 41.0% and 65.1%, respectively. After dryland to paddy fields conversion, SOC, MBC and MNC significantly decreased, with reductions of 39.3%, 29.8%, and 25.6%, respectively. However, the relative contribution of bacterial necromass carbon (BNC) to SOC increased significantly by 50%. Correlation analysis and random forest modeling identified AP, MBC, AN, TN, pH and SOC as key drivers regulating MNC dynamics. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that dryland-to-paddy conversion primarily affected fungal and bacterial necromass carbon content through modifications in soil physicochemical properties, SOC, and MBC, thereby controlling MNC accumulation. Short-term observations indicated that dryland-to-paddy conversion significantly reduced SOC, MBC, MNC and several soil physicochemical properties. In the post-conversion management phase, it is necessary to increase soil nutrient inputs to promote the accumulation of stable organic carbon. Long-term monitoring is essential to generate robust scientific data for guiding sustainable land consolidation and improving agricultural management practices.

  Analysis on Soil Nutrient Content Characteristics of Continuous High Yield Cotton Fields in 7th Division Reclamation Area CHENG Wen, DING Rongrong, ZHANG Limin, WANG Guoping, WANG Haijuan 2025, 41 (27):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0098 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 9 ) The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of nutrient content in the topsoil of high-yield cotton fields in the 7th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and to provide scientific fertilization basis for cotton production. Topsoil samples from high-yield cotton fields in seven major cotton planting regiment towns of the 7th Division reclamation area were analyzed. Using the method of combining field sampling and laboratory test, with reference to The Soil Nutrient Classification Standard of Xinjiang Cotton Fields and The Soil Salinization Degree Classification Standard of Xinjiang, statistical methods were employed to evaluate soil nutrient content and salinity. The results showed that soil pH in the plough layer ranged from 7.58 to 8.10 (neutral to slightly alkaline); total soluble salt averaged 1.81 g/kg (non-saline to mildly saline); soil organic matter averaged 12.39 g/kg (deficient); total nitrogen averaged 0.105% (high); available phosphorus and potassium averaged 28.33 mg/kg (medium) and 409.91 mg/kg (high), respectively. For micronutrients, available boron averaged 2.56 mg/kg (high); zinc averaged 0.55 mg/kg (medium-low); iron averaged 10.93 mg/kg (medium-high); manganese averaged 5.96 mg/kg (low), and copper averaged 1.04 mg/kg (medium-high). Fertilization strategies are recommended that nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be rationally applied in production, the amount of potassium fertilizer should be properly controlled, and the sufficient application of organic fertilizer should be ensured. In addition, attention should be paid to the supplement of trace elements such as zinc and manganese, and boron, iron and copper fertilizers should be applied according to the growth of cotton.

  Research on Correlation Between Meteorological Factors and Apple Leaf Fall Disease in Longdong Region and Its Prediction Methods QIU Ninggang, ZHANG Hongfen, ZHANG Tianfeng, ZHOU Zhongwen, MA Yuanhui, QIU Yalin, DU Jun 2025, 41 (27):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0125 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 9 ) This study analyzed the relationship between meteorological conditions and apple leaf fall diseases using observation data (2014-2023) from the Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Ningxian County (a core apple-producing region in Longdong) and meteorological data from Ningxian Meteorological Station. Statistical methods included correlation analysis, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the active period of apple leaf fall diseases in Ningxian occurred from June to October, with the highest severity observed between July and September. The disease onset was closely associated with early-stage rainfall and air humidity, while frequent precipitation and high temperatures were the dominant exacerbating factors. Occasionally, abnormal precipitation delayed disease fluctuations by 5-10 days. The annual maximum disease incidence significantly correlated with winter temperature, early summer temperature, and August-September precipitation/humidity. A multiple regression-based prediction equation was developed, so as to accurately grasp the internal relationship between pathogen activity and weather changes, and provide more accurate meteorological early warning and disease prevention and control suggestions for fruit farmers. Optimizing irrigation and enhancing tree stress resistance can effectively mitigate Alternaria leaf spot severity, thereby improving yield and fruit quality in Longdong apple orchards.

  Key Meteorological Factors Features of Adlay During Growth Stage in Xingren Area of Guizhou LI Zhouxin, CHEN Bo, LI Xiangdong 2025, 41 (27):  106-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0791 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 8 ) The purpose was to analyze key meteorological factors variation and climate adaptability characteristics during the growth period of adlay in Xingren area of Guizhou, providing basis for rational utilization of climate resources and regional planning decision. Based on four key meteorological factors (average air temperature, average ground temperature, amount of precipitation, sunshine duration) observation data of national meteorological observation station in Xingren of Guizhou from 2010 to 2024, climate variation analysis was conducted by methods of climate tendency rate and cumulative anomaly. Results were exhibited that the average air temperature, average ground temperature, amount of precipitation, sunshine duration in Xingren area showed an increasing trend in the past 15 years during the whole growth stage (TS) and sowing and seedling stage(S1), while the average ground temperature were descended in tillering and jointing stage(S2), the others were rising. The precipitation at heading-flowering stage (S3) and maturing-harvesting stage (S4) showed a decreasing trend, while the other factors showed an increasing trend. Furthermore, amount of precipitation had a maximum variation that becomes the first restriction factor, and sunshine duration was the second restriction factor. In the whole growth stage of adlay, the interannual mean values of average air temperature, average ground temperature, amount of precipitation, sunshine duration were 19.6℃, 22.5℃, 1080.5 and 1160.0 mm, and the median values were19.6℃, 22.5℃, 1126.6 mm and 1113.6 mm, respectively. Thus the changes of interannual means of four meteorological factors were basically same with their median values at different growth stages. Therefore, the interannual mean and median of different growth stages and the whole growth period can provide key meteorological parameters and meteorological prediction basis for local adlay production.

  Risk Assessment of Low-temperature Frost Disasters on Prunus domestica in Shihezi of Xinjiang ZHAO Pengcheng, WANG Beibei, SUN Shuoyang, LIN Shijie, GAO Yu 2025, 41 (27):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0636 Abstract + ( 40 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 21 ) The overwintering period and spring germination-flowering stage of Prunus domestica in the Shihezi region are critical phenological phases. Investigating the changes in winter low temperatures and the risk intensity of spring final frost disasters in this area is crucial for the development of the Prunus domestica industry. This study uses temperature data from November to the following May (1961-2024) and phenological data of Prunus domestica, applying climate diagnostic analysis methods to evaluate the impacts of winter temperature changes and final frost on the growth of Prunus domestica, and to study the disaster risk intensity caused by final frost. The results showed that the semi-lethal low-temperature index for new branches of Prunus domestica was -24.1℃. The risk of frost damage below this index temperature during the winter severe cold period in Shihezi from 1961 to 2024 was as high as 82.2%. With climate warming, the probability of frost damage risk dropped to 60.0% after 2000, and the average cold damage decreased by 22.2 percentage points. The spring final frost period tended to end earlier, but its distribution was relatively scattered. Final frosts in late April and later posed a threat to the germination and flowering of Prunus domestica. The risk of final frost in late April and beyond was 53.2%, which decreased by 28.2 percentage points after 2000. The average final frost disaster risk intensity in Shihezi was 34.8%, with moderate disaster risk intensity accounting for 23.4% and severe frost disaster risk intensity accounting for 28.1%. After 2000, the final frost disaster risk intensity decreased linearly by 8.6 percentage points. Under the influence of climate warming, the rise in winter temperatures and the earlier end of frost are beneficial to the safe overwintering of Prunus domestica and its spring germination, growth, and flowering. Even though winter temperatures have risen and the disaster risk caused by final frost is weakening, due to the instability of extreme climate changes, frost prevention measures remain a key part of Prunus domestica production.

  Research Progress of Biological Function and Application of Cockroach YIN Minghui, WANG Zhaoxuan, SHI Yueqi, AO Guoxu, SUN Shanshan, LING Hongzhi 2025, 41 (27):  126-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0395 Abstract + ( 50 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1797KB )   ( 7 ) In order to fully explore the application potential of cockroaches and provide scientific references for the development of biological resources, this study summarizes the biological characteristics of cockroaches from aspects such as species and origins, and analyzes the specific situations of cockroaches in environmental pollution and disease transmission. This paper systematically expounds the applications of cockroaches in the fields of medicine, environment, food industry and etc., which points out that the current research and development of cockroaches are still in the early stage, especially in the intestinal microorganism of cockroaches. And the acceptance of applications related to cockroaches by humans is also relatively low. Collectively, the breeding and processing technology should be optimized in the future, and the potential application should be developed from multiple perspectives. In addition, its biodegradability should be quantitatively optimized, and theoretical and applied research as well as environmental management should be strengthened, laying a foundation for the continuous development of cockroach resources.

  Artificial Simulation of Environmental Factors in Deep Underground Systems: Dynamic Response and Adaptive Regulation of Nicotiana benthamiana During Critical Sensitivity Periods ZHANG Yujing, ZHANG Qing’ao, HE Yuxin, TAN Xiao, TAN Bo 2025, 41 (27):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0228 Abstract + ( 47 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 4526KB )   ( 5 ) To investigate the dynamic changes and adaptive control mechanisms of sensitive periods in plants in deep underground environments, Nicotiana benthamiana was used as a model to study its environmental response mechanisms. An orthogonal experimental design was implemented to regulate light intensity (4000-12000 Lux), temperature (20-30℃), and humidity (60-80% RH). Growth and physiological parameters including plant height and leaf area were quantitatively measured, and environmental sensitivity characteristics were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The cycle of Nicotiana benthamiana could be divided into germination-rapid growth period (1-14 d), rapid growth-stable period (15-62 d) and stable-mature period (63-76 d). PCA analysis showed that PC1-PC2 cumulatively explained 58.6% of the variation, of which PC1 (44.90%) was mainly related to light intensity and leaf area, and PC2 (13.70%) was mainly related to soil redox potential (Eh) and temperature. Plants were highly sensitive to the environment in the early stage of growth (1-62 d), especially to light and temperature. The average daily plant height growth in the 12000 Lux group was 4.82 ± 0.15 mm, which was 17.0% higher than that in the 8000 Lux group. The environmental sensitivity transition point occurred on day 63rd, marking a shift from environment-dependent growth to physiology-regulated growth. Optimized cultivation conditions of 20℃-25℃, 70%-80% RH, and 8000-12000 Lux significantly enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen assimilation capacity. Under this condition, the photosynthetic-nitrogen metabolism coupling efficiency of the plant was the best, the chlorophyll content was 28.3% higher than that of the 30℃/60% RH/4000 Lux control group, and the nitrogen assimilation capacity was increased by 31.5%. This study revealed plant adaptation mechanisms in extreme environments, providing theoretical insights for environmental regulation in deep subsurface plant cultivation and advancing foundational theories for deep underground agriculture.

  A Study on Application of Sex Pheromone Trapping Systems for Glyphodes pyloalis Walker in Mulberry Orchards CHEN Yonghuang, SONG Zhiguang, YANG Biwen, LUO Taiming, TANG Lu, XU Hong, SONG Changgui 2025, 41 (27):  142-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0198 Abstract + ( 44 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 3 ) The study aims to optimize the technical parameters of the sex pheromone trapping system for Glyphodes pyloalis Walker and enhance the efficiency of its green control. Using the sex pheromone trapping system for G. pyloalis as the focal subject, this study evaluated the effects of trap installation height and trap type on trapping efficacy. Furthermore, the relationship between the adult emergence periods of the overwintering generation and the previous generation with climatic factors were analyzed. The results showed that positioning the lower edge of the trap at 0.10 m above the tree canopy top significantly increased the number of captured adults compared to other treatments. The Noctuidae-type trap captured the highest average number of adults (38.67), significantly outperforming other trap types. Moreover, the overwintering generation and the second generation of adults overlapped in early May, resulting in a genetically mixed and complex population. The emergence of the final generation was closely linked to climatic conditions, with the highest daily capture rate (7.25 individuals per day) recorded on sunny days and the lowest (2.00 individuals per day) on rainy days. Adult capture ceased entirely when the maximum daily winter temperature remained consistently below 20 ℃. The Noctuidae-type trap exhibited the most effective trapping performance and should be dynamically adjusted according to the growth stage of mulberry trees, ensuring that its lower edge remains consistently 0.10 m above the canopy top.

  Research Progress of Crop Production Based on Remote Sensing Technology BEI Yitong, ZHANG Xiaoying, WANG Kuanhao, GAO Jinxu, SUN Xinbo 2025, 41 (27):  149-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0066 Abstract + ( 45 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1136KB )   ( 7 ) As an advanced means of information acquisition, remote sensing technology has been widely used in crop production. This study systematically reviewed the research progress of remote sensing technology in crop production monitoring, crop yield estimation, crop nutritional quality monitoring, and crop pest and disease monitoring. In the field of crop growth monitoring, it focuses on inversion methods for physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and leaf area index based on multispectral, hyperspectral, and radar remote sensing. For yield estimation, it summarizes the development history and technical approaches of constructing yield models using multi-source remote sensing data globally. In nutritional quality monitoring, it synthesizes correlation models between spectral characteristics and biochemical components of crops. Regarding pest and disease monitoring, it elucidates the spectral response mechanisms and identification techniques under biotic stress. The review indicates current limitations in multi-source data fusion accuracy and universal applicability of crop quality monitoring. Future research should integrate artificial intelligence algorithms to enhance multi-platform collaborative monitoring, providing more efficient technical support for smart agriculture.

  Research Progress and Prospect of Nitrogen Cycling and Corresponding Functional Microbes in Aquaculture Environments XU Chengpeng, SHEN Feng, XU Huimin, MENG Shunlong, SONG Chao, FAN Limin, QIU Liping, LI Dandan, FANG Longxiang, LIU Zhuping, BING Xuwen 2025, 41 (27):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0062 Abstract + ( 59 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1438KB )   ( 61 ) Microbial driven nitrogen cycle processes play a crucial role in promoting material cycling within aquaculture systems, purifying aquaculture water environments, and maintaining ecosystem balance. Compared to natural ecosystems, aquaculture systems receive higher anthropogenic inputs of nitrogen, exhibit a rich diversity of nitrogen forms, and have their nitrogen cycling processes and associated microorganisms influenced and regulated by intertwined, complex, and easily fluctuating environmental factors. This article elucidates the ecological characteristics of aquaculture environments and reviews research progress on the major nitrogen cycle processes, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and their associated microbial communities within aquaculture ecosystems. It summarizes the environmental impact characteristics of nitrogen-cycling functional microorganisms. It discusses other potential ion redox reactions coupled with nitrogen cycling processes in aquaculture environments. Finally, the future research directions for the nitrogen cycle in aquaculture environments are prospected. The aim is to deepen the understanding of nitrogen cycling processes and their functional microorganisms in aquaculture systems, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the purification of nitrogen in aquaculture environments.