Current issue

• 2025 Vol.41 No.28 Published:05 October 2025

  Effects of Irrigation Patterns on Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes of Dryland Wheat Varieties MI Yong, LYU Guangde, WANG Chao, WANG Ruixia, QI Xiaolei, YIN Xundong, SUN Yingying, MU Qiuhuan, QIAN Zhaoguo, SUN Xianyin 2025, 41 (28):  1-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0040 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 77 ) This study investigated how different irrigation regimes affect yield and quality traits of new dryland wheat varieties with distinct genotypes, providing theoretical support for cultivar selection and cultivation practices. A randomized block design with three replications was adopted, incorporating two factors: variety (four genotypes) and irrigation regime (E1 wintering water only; E2 wintering + jointing water; E3 wintering + jointing + flowering water). Significant genotype (G), irrigation (E), and genotype × irrigation interaction (GE) effects were detected across all yield and quality traits. The contribution rates varied as follows: G (1.34%-82.73%), E (3.73%-83.10%), and GE (0.79%-29.60%). The E2 treatment (wintering + jointing water) showed the greatest improvements in both yield and quality among the tested irrigation regimes. For yield-oriented production, cultivar performance ranked: ‘Taikemai 32’> ‘Taikemai 30’> ‘Luohan 7’> ‘Lumai 21’. ‘Taikemai 30’ emerged as the optimal cultivar balancing high yield with superior quality. Where water resources permit, jointing-stage irrigation (E2) is recommended to simultaneously boost both yield and grain quality.

  Effect of Increasing Density on Growth, Lodging Resistance and Yield of Summer Soybeans CHEN Yuli, ZHUO Ma, BI Haibin, NIU Guocai, WANG Dongfeng, GONG Fajiang, LI Wenqian, GAO Minghui, YANG Ping 2025, 41 (28):  10-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0162 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1290KB )   ( 23 ) To quantitatively analyze the effects of increased planting density on the growth, lodging resistance, and yield of summer soybeans, field experiments were conducted using ‘Qihuang 34’ as the material during the 2022 and 2024 summer soybean growing seasons. Through systematic analysis of the effects of different planting densities on summer soybean canopy growth indicators, lodging resistance trait indicators, yield composition indicators, and the intrinsic relationship between lodging resistance index and lodging resistance trait indicators, the impact of increased planting density on summer soybean growth, lodging resistance, and yield was clarified. The results showed that within a certain range, increasing planting density reduced the SPAD value of the top three leaves of summer soybean plants, with a maximum SPAD value 0.12%-6.47% higher than other density treatments, promoting the construction of plant canopy functional structure. However, excessive density can inhibit the accumulation of nitrogen in soybean plant canopy and the formation of leaf area index. The leaf layer nitrogen content, leaf layer nitrogen accumulation, RVI value, NDVI value, and LAI were 3.70%-5.49%, 10.94%-22.26%, 7.20%-11.87%, 3.84%-7.60%, and 7.51%-11.70% higher than other planting density treatments, respectively. The larger the stem bending resistance and stem thickness, the shorter the main stem length and the stronger the plant's ability to resist lodging. Increasing density reduced the plant's lodging resistance index, which is not conducive to improving the plant's lodging resistance. Overall, when the planting density was 240000 plants/hm2, the various lodging resistance traits of soybean plants were relatively reasonable. In this study, soybean grain yield was highest when the planting density was 200000 plants/hm2, but showed better production potential when the density reached 240000 plants/hm2.

  Impact of Mature Regulation Technology of Mineral Source Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves LIU Xinyuan, LIU Lingling, SHEN Guoming, ZHANG Yulin, LI Hongchen, WANG Zhijun, GUAN Weidong, LIANG Dong, ZHOU Yunfeng, WU Yuanhua 2025, 41 (28):  18-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0172 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 30 ) Sanmenxia tobacco growing area has been restricted by climatic conditions for a long time. In the late stage of growth and development of tobacco plants, there is a low temperature and rainy condition, which leads to the slow maturation process of upper tobacco leaves and the poor maturity of roasted tobacco leaves, resulting in the reduction of industrial availability of tobacco leaves. In order to solve this problem, this study combined a new type of mineral source organic fertilizer with traditional phloem ring peeling (HT) and two plant growth regulators (ZT, MT), to study the effect of maturity yellowing regulation. The results showed that the application of mineral source organic fertilizer (FT) could significantly improve the maturity of upper tobacco leaves, significantly increase the proportion of high-quality tobacco, and generally improve the coordination of chemical composition and sensory quality. Among them, FT-MT had significant effects in increasing the proportion of high-quality tobacco, increasing the potassium content of tobacco leaves, and improving the potassium chloride ratio of tobacco leaves. FT-ZT had a significant effect on improving the sugar alkali ratio, increasing aroma, and reducing impurities in tobacco leaves. FT-HT tobacco had the highest maturity, and the total sugar, reducing sugar, and two-sugar ratio were the most in line with industrial demand goals.

  Study on Effects of Agronomic Management Methods on Chloride Ion Content in Tobacco Leaves DING Hai, WANG Shengli, ZHANG Yan, ZHANG Bao, MA Shangyi, LIU Dong, CUI Ruibin, CHEN Bin, YU Tao, ZHANG Ruonan, DONG Jianfei, XING Shuo, WANG Zhaobao, ZHANG Huaibao 2025, 41 (28):  26-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0581 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 62 ) This study aimed to clarify the distribution characteristics of soil chloride ions in major tobacco-growing areas of Chifeng, explore the regulatory effects of fertilizer types, fertilization methods, and irrigation water purification on chloride ion content in tobacco leaves, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for precise management of chloride ions in tobacco areas. A survey was conducted on chloride ion contents in 80 tobacco-planting soil samples from Aohan Banner, Harqin Banner, Ningcheng County, and Songshan District of Chifeng. Combined with field experiments (different compound fertilizers, fertilization methods, and irrigation water treatments), chloride ion contents were determined by silver nitrate titration, and conventional chemical components in tobacco leaves were analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Significant regional differences were observed in soil chloride ion contents in Chifeng tobacco areas, which were significantly affected by previous crops. In Aohan Banner (previous crop: maize), most soil samples had chloride contents <45 mg/kg (optimum range). In Harqin Banner and Ningcheng County (previous crop: tobacco), 75% of soil samples had chloride contents >50 mg/kg (suboptimal range). In Songshan District (previous crop: maize), soil chloride contents ranged from 30 to 50 mg/kg (suboptimal range). Field experiments showed that low-chloride and high-potassium ternary compound fertilizers reduced chloride content in tobacco leaves by 0.03-0.16 percentage points (most significant effect on lower leaves), while the ‘big ternary’ integrated fertilizer achieved an average reduction of 0.13%. Potassium chloride-based fertilizers significantly increased leaf chloride content (average increase of 0.11-0.13 percentage points). Among fertilization methods, applying potassium chloride as topdressing had the greatest impact on lower leaves ( chloride increase by 0.28%), whereas using potassium chloride as base fertilizer combined with potassium sulfate as topdressing reduced chloride content in middle leaves by 0.11%. Irrigation water purification decreased chloride contents in upper, middle, and lower leaves by 0.44, 0.50, and 0.59 percentage points respectively, with all treated leaves showing chloride contents <0.80%. This study revealed the distribution pattern of chloride ions and multi-dimensional management technologies in Chifeng tobacco areas, providing scientific support for improving tobacco leaf quality.

  Effects of Sowing Date and Nitrogen Application Rate on Grain Yield and Quality of Forage Barley Variety ‘Yundamai 10’ QIAO Xiangmei, WANG Zhilong, LIU Lie, WANG Zhiwei, HUANG Tingzhi, CHENG Geng, DONG Shilyu, CHENG Jiasheng 2025, 41 (28):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0239 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1231KB )   ( 27 ) This study investigated the effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and quality of the barley variety ‘Yundamai 10’, aiming to provide a scientific basis for its large-scale production and application. A two-factor randomized block design was adopted, examining three sowing dates (D1: October 21st; D2: November 1st; D3: November 11th) and two nitrogen levels (N1: 150 kg/hm2 urea; N2: 225 kg/hm2 urea) on grain yield, key agronomic traits, protein, starch, fat content and so on. The results showed that sowing date had highly significant or significant effects on all measured traits. With delayed sowing, grain yield reduced significantly. Compared with D2 and D3, D1 increased grain yield by 87.93% and 76.79% respectively, while protein content increased significantly under later sowing. Nitrogen application significantly influenced grain yield but not yield components, agronomic traits or quality parameters. The gain yield under N1 was significantly lower than that under N2, indicating that excessive nitrogen application reduced yield instead of increasing it. Although the protein content under N1 was lower than that under N2, the difference was not significant. Delayed sowing significantly decreased grain yield but increased protein content; excessive nitrogen application significantly reduced yield while marginally increasing protein content, suggesting a trade-off between high yield and protein content improvement. However, the increase in protein content was limited by the genetic characteristics of the variety. Therefore, sacrificing yield for quality improvement was not recommended for this variety. Early sowing combined with a urea application rate of 150 kg/hm2 was recommended to achieve high yields.

  Research Progress on Floral Fragrance of Phalaenopsis spp. YANG Min, MA Xiaohua, HU Qingdi, FENG Lei, HU Yaping, ZHANG Xule, ZHENG Jian 2025, 41 (28):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0204 Abstract + ( 62 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 14 ) This paper reviews the aroma characteristics of Phalaenopsis plants. It focuses on the main components, metabolic synthesis pathways, and regulatory mechanisms related to the fragrance of Phalaenopsis. It summarizes the fragrant varieties of Phalaenopsis, the primary floral scent components, the main factors influencing the release of fragrance in Phalaenopsis, and the molecular regulatory mechanisms related to the metabolic pathways of the major fragrant components. Analysis indicates that terpenoids dominate the floral scent components of Phalaenopsis, with endogenous circadian rhythms, light signals, and temperature all affecting the release rate of floral fragrance. The terpene synthase gene (TPS) and bHLH transcription factors are identified as key genes influencing the metabolic pathways of fragrance components in Phalaenopsis. It has been noted that research on the complete metabolic pathways and molecular regulatory mechanisms of fragrance components in Phalaenopsis is lacking. Future research should focus on further exploring the key genes of fragrance components and supplementing and improving the related metabolic pathways to enhance the understanding of floral fragrance traits in Phalaenopsis.

  Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Seven Morchella esculenta Strains PENG Yunsong, REN Hao, XU Yongyan 2025, 41 (28):  48-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0256 Abstract + ( 53 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1861KB )   ( 9 ) To screen for high-quality Morchella esculenta strains suitable for artificial cultivation, the growth characteristics of different varieties were systematically compared across various stages of strain propagation. Seven cultivated strains (YGF3-2, YGF5-8, JQ5-2, XF, JQ3-1, XJDYH and YGF5) were evaluated for mycelial growth performance during the mother strain, original strain, and cultivated strain stages. Under unified environmental conditions (25±2)℃ in the dark, PDA medium was used for mother strain cultivation, and a substrate formula based on wheat (including cottonseed hulls, soybean meal, etc.) was prepared for original and cultivated strain media. The mycelial growth rate was measured using a cross method, recording colony morphology, mycelial density, and time to fill up the bottles (bags). Statistical evaluations were conducted using variance analysis and multiple comparisons. The results showed that all strains could germinate and expand normally under the experimental conditions. During the mother strain stage, YGF5, JQ3-1 and XF exhibited the fastest growth, with an average growth rate of (2.60±0.00) cm/d. In the original strain stage, YGF5-8 had the strongest mycelial expansion ability, with an average fill time of (12.00±0.45) d, significantly better than YGF3-2. In the cultivated strain stage, YGF5 performed the best, and the average fill time was (8.00±0.00) d, with dense and robust mycelium, significantly faster than other varieties (P<0.05). Overall, YGF5 showed significant advantages in both the mother and cultivated strain stages, while YGF5-8 had the highest efficiency in the original strain propagation stage.

  Investigation and Evaluation of Farmland Ecosystem in Essence Irrigation District of Chengdu Plain CHEN Zuying, JING Faming, CHEN Da, XU Zhengqiang, QIN Shilyu, ZHAO Li 2025, 41 (28):  56-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0001 Abstract + ( 46 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 11934KB )   ( 13 ) The Chengdu Plain serves as the core area for constructing the ‘Tianfu Granary’, and the protection of cultivated land is of great significance to national food security. This paper took a typical area within the essence irrigation district of Chengdu Plain as an example, employing various investigation and analysis methods to collect baseline data on the farmland ecosystem in the study area. An evaluation system was established focusing on ecological patterns, ecological health, ecological safety and ecological services, and corresponding indicators were defined. Decision weights were calculated using methods such as analytic hierarchy process (AHP), entropy weight method and expert scoring. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the farmland ecosystem in the essence irrigation district were then conducted. The results showed that: (1) from 2019 to 2022, the area of cultivated land in the study area showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, indicating that the protection of cultivated land had achieved initial success, and the background of farmland ecological environment was in good condition; (2) the fragmentation of farmland landscape in the study area was prominent, mainly due to factors such as property rights and road barriers, which lead to a low degree of cultivated land connectivity. The rural population per capita farmland was only 0.08 hm2, which is not conducive to the development of agricultural scale and mechanization; (3) the overall condition of the farmland ecosystem in the study area was relatively good, with 98.05% of the land in good or moderate condition, 78.42% classified as safe or relatively safe, and 95.55% rated as healthy or relatively healthy. The high ecological service value made it suitable for agricultural production. The research methodology and findings could provide reference for the protection of cultivated land, quality improvement and the construction of ‘Tianfu granary’ in Chengdu Plain, and provide reference for the evaluation of farmland ecosystem in other regions.

  Analysis of Soil Fertility and Selenium Content Characteristics and Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Agricultural Land in Yangjiang City GONG Yingting, YANG Jianyuan, LU Hailan, SHEN Jian, LU Xixu, NING Jianfeng, LYU Xinmin, WANG Ronghui, XIE Yuelan, YAO Jianwu, JIANG Xianya, LI Mengjun 2025, 41 (28):  68-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0336 Abstract + ( 56 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1403KB )   ( 18 ) To clarify the current status of soil fertility and selenium (Se) content in agricultural lands of Yangjiang City, elucidate their correlation, and establish a multi-dimensional ‘Se-fertility’ quality evaluation system, thereby providing data support and scientific basis for optimizing farmland management and developing Se-rich agriculture in the region. Based on agricultural layout of Yangjiang, 23 representative farmland areas were systematically selected across Jiangcheng District, Yangdong District, Yangxi County, and Yangchun City, with 70 soil samples being collected. Soil physicochemical properties and Se distribution characteristics were analyzed, and a comprehensive soil quality evaluation system integrating soil fertility and Se content was developed. The results showed that the agricultural soils in the study area of Yangjiang City had a relatively high sand content, and the textures were mainly sandy loam and sandy clay loam, which were slightly acidic. Soil fertility was generally characterized by moderate-to-high levels of organic matter, total nitrogen, and available potassium, along with extremely abundant available phosphorus. The total Se content ranged from 0.12 to 1.43 mg/kg (mean: 0.47 mg/kg), while the available Se content ranged from 0.01 to 0.15 mg/kg (mean: 0.047 mg/kg). Se-rich soils accounted for 57.1% of the study area, and soils with medium-to-high Se levels reached 94.3%. Additionally, soil texture and organic matter content significantly influenced total Se, while soil texture, available phosphorus, and pH were the main physicochemical factors affecting available Se. The multi-dimensional ‘Se-fertility’ soil quality index for the study area was 0.299, and individual indicator indices ranked as follows: available phosphorus > total Se / available Se > available potassium > organic matter > total nitrogen. The study area possessed inherent advantages in naturally Se-rich agricultural land resources, providing a solid foundation and potential for developing Se-rich agriculture. To enhance the comprehensive quality of agricultural land in Yangjiang City, it is essential to maintain the existing advantages of Se and available phosphorus content while improving organic matter levels and increasing nitrogen-phosphorus nutrients. Concurrently, addressing soil acidification and optimizing soil texture will effectively regulate Se content and its bioavailability, thereby establishing a fundamental basis for advancing Se-enriched and sustainable agriculture.

  Response of Different Organic Carbon Fractions to Organic Carbon Accumulation in Typical Paddy Soils YE Chengcheng, ZHU Jie, LI Zicheng, ZHANG Mingkui 2025, 41 (28):  78-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0101 Abstract + ( 48 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1264KB )   ( 8 ) To investigate the characteristics of soil organic carbon accumulation and its relationship with organic carbon fractions, 25 surface soil samples from each of 7 representative paddy fields (paddy soils) in Zhejiang Province were selected to determine the composition of different soil organic carbon forms. The response of each form of organic carbon to soil carbon accumulation was analyzed, and the saturation mechanism of soil organic carbon accumulation was explored. The results showed that with the accumulation of soil organic carbon, the content of humic acid, fulvic acid, humic acid carbon and humic acid carbon in various types of the soils showed an initial increase followed by a trend towards equilibrium. The content of these organic carbon components at equilibrium was positively correlated with the content of soil clay, silt and amorphous iron oxide. Free organic carbon increased linearly with the accumulation of soil organic carbon, and continued to increase when the soil organic carbon was at high level. In this case, the accumulated organic carbon in the soils was mainly in the form of free organic carbon. Results suggested that the saturation phenomenon of soil organic carbon was related to the form of organic carbon. The accumulation of humic acid, fulvic acid, humin carbon, and humic acid carbon closely associated with soil inorganic components was limited by the ability of mineral adsorption protection, and their contents increased with the increase of total soil organic carbon, but they tended to equilibrium when the mineral adsorption sites were saturated. The free organic carbon, mainly driven by the input amount of organic matter, was not obviously affected by soil physical protection, and it increased linearly with the accumulation of organic carbon, and its saturation phenomenon was not obvious. This study reveals the different contribution patterns of different forms of organic carbon components to the accumulation of organic carbon in paddy soil, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of accurate organic material input and soil fertilization strategies for regional paddy soil, and also provides a scientific reference for the sustainable management of paddy soil.

  Study on Soil Nutrient Characteristics and Spatial Differentiation in Green Rice Growing Areas of Jilin Province: Comprehensive Evaluation Based on Multi-index Geographic Information System YANG Qiuping, PAN Peng, LIU Yingzi, DING Yang, YANG Dong, MIAO Yu, SUN Han 2025, 41 (28):  87-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0170 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 3426KB )   ( 11 ) To investigate the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and their underlying mechanisms in green food rice cultivation areas of Jilin Province, this study systematically analyzed the soil nutrient characteristics of 42 green food rice cultivation areas using a multi-indicator geographic information system (GIS) based comprehensive evaluation approach. The spatial distribution patterns and interactive mechanisms of soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and C/N ratio were investigated using Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) spatial interpolation techniques combined with Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that significant spatial heterogeneity in soil nutrients crossed the study area. The central region, characterized by fertile black soils, exhibited higher fertility levels with higher OM (mean 34.69 g/kg), TN (mean 1.79 g/kg) and CEC [mean 21.9 cmol(+)/kg]. In contrast, the western saline-alkali soil region displayed alkaline pH (mean pH 8.5) and higher AK (mean 207.68 mg/kg) but lower OM. The eastern mountainous area showed reduced AP (mean 40.03 mg/kg) and AK levels, along with a higher C/N ratio (mean 10.51), which were associated with severe soil erosion. Correlation analysis showed that organic matter was highly significantly positively correlated with total nitrogen (r=0.986，P<0.01), available potassium was significantly positively correlated with CEC (r=0.597，P<0.01), while pH was highly significantly negatively correlated with both organic matter and total nitrogen (P<0.01). Based on this, a zonal optimization management strategy was proposed: potassium supplementation to improve saline-alkali land in the west, phosphorus control to prevent loss in the east, and balanced nutrient supply to maintain fertility in the middle. The research results could directly guide the precise fertilization practice in the green rice production areas of Jilin Province, and have important application value for optimizing regional soil management, improving rice yield and quality, and achieving sustainable development.

  Effects of Soil Conditioner on Physicochemical Properties of Soil and Sunflower Yield Under Drip Irrigation WANG Ruiping, LI Yaping, NIU Jing, WANG Fu, WANG Peirong, WANG Rong, XIA Yuhong 2025, 41 (28):  94-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0149 Abstract + ( 60 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 9 ) In response to the coexistence of soil salinization and alkalization in the Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, this study investigated the comprehensive effects of different types of soil conditioners on salt and alkali reduction under drip irrigation conditions and its impact on sunflower yield in saline-alkali cultivated land. Three representative soil conditioner products (microbial agents, acidic organic conditioner Shidijia, compound conditioner Yibaijia) were selected, and drip irrigation was used as supply method of the water and conditioners. Combined with reasonable fertilization measures, field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of different types of conditioners on the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil and the components of sunflower yield. The results showed that compared with the control, the bulk density, pH, total salt content, and alkalinity of the soil in the 0-60 cm soil layer decreased to varying degrees after the application of soil conditioners. Among them, the treatment with microbial agents showed the most significant decrease in soil bulk density of 1.89%; the treatment with Shidijia showed the most significant decrease in total salt content and alkalinity of 27.06% and 14.02% respectively, and the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil increased to varying degrees; the treatment with Yibaijia had the more significant increase in the contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil of 21.30%, 36.63% and 14.95% respectively; the dry matter and yield of sunflowers also increased to varying degrees, with an increase in dry matter mass of 6.60% to 25.79% and an increase in yield of 6.77% to 14.08%. The treatment with Shidijia and microbial agents had a more significant yield-increasing effect than Yibaijia. Overall, microbial agents were more conducive to improving soil structure, and acidic organic soil conditioners were more conducive to reducing soil salinization. It is suggested to optimize the combination application strategy based on the composition and performance of conditioners, and soil saline-alkali obstacle types.

  Differences in Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Diversity of Perilla Rhizosphere Soil Mediated by Two Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi LIU Yaqi, LAO Yahui, LI Chongwei 2025, 41 (28):  102-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0527 Abstract + ( 44 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2494KB )   ( 5 ) Continuous cropping obstacles have significantly impacted the yield and quality of Perilla. To explore the mitigation effects of microbial agents on Perilla’s continuous cropping obstacles, two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which were Rhizophagus intraradices (RI) and Funneliformis mosseae (FM), were added to the continuous cropping soil. By measuring Perilla’s growth indicators, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil, soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure, the differential effects of the two AMFs on Perilla growth were investigated. The results showed that the addition of AMF significantly increased the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the soil (P<0.05), enhanced soil urease and phosphatase activity, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil microbial community structure. The addition of AMF alleviated soil acidification and improved the growth status of Perilla. Compared to FM, RI had a more significant effect on Perilla growth and soil enzyme activity, while FM had a stronger ability to improve soil microbial community structure. This study elucidated the functional differences between the two AMFs in alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Perilla, provided a theoretical basis for the screening of microbial agents to mitigate these obstacles in future research.

  Knowledge Map Analysis of Dissolved Organic Carbon Research Based on Bibliometrics YANG Xiaonan, ZHAO Guorui, ZHAO Lingling, HU Jingbo, WANG Jiale, DU Jiao, LIU Guoshun, LIU Zhanqing, CHEN Chong, ZHANG Songtao 2025, 41 (28):  111-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0042 Abstract + ( 51 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 3135KB )   ( 12 ) To systematically elucidate the developmental trends, evolving research foci, and frontier directions in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) studies from 2004 to 2023, a comprehensive retrieval and screening process was conducted utilizing the Web of Science and CNKI databases, resulting in the identification of 3003 relevant publications. Bibliometric analysis was performed using visualization tools including VOSviewer and CiteSpace to construct knowledge maps encompassing dimensions such as contributing countries, institutions, and keywords. The results indicate a consistent annual increase in the volume of published research on DOC. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was identified as the most prolific research institution in this field. Globally, research output is predominantly led by the United States (748 publications) and China (556 publications), which have established close international collaborative networks. Research hotspots primarily concentrate on agricultural soils and environmental protection, with the scope of investigation expanding from terrestrial environments to aquatic systems including rivers, lakes, and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, increasing scholarly attention is being directed toward critical issues such as climate change impacts and bioavailability. This study systematically delineates the core research entities, spatiotemporal evolution of key themes, and seminal literature in DOC research, thereby providing a bibliometric foundation and practical reference for clarifying research trajectories and identifying future directions in this field.

  Effects of Azadirachtin on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Function of Bactrocera dorsalis ZHANG Shoumei, SHAO Xuehua 2025, 41 (28):  122-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0336 Abstract + ( 49 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1813KB )   ( 10 ) This study aims to explore the effects of azadirachtin on the structure and function of the gut microbial community of the oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). Using the oriental fruit fly as the test material, the high-throughput sequencing techniques of 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA were employed to study the structure of the gut microbial community of the oriental fruit fly. The results showed that after azadirachtin treatment, the intestinal microbial community structure of B. dorsalis changed significantly. After treatment with azadirachtin, at the phylum level of gut bacteria of the oriental fruit fly, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 21.95% to 49.13%, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased from 58.41% to 16.98%. At the genus level of bacteria, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased from 50.96% to 5.95%. At the species level of bacteria, the relative abundance of Enterococcus durans decreased from 7.22% to 0.68%. At the phylum level of fungi, the relative abundance of Ascomycota increased from 78.95% to 95.95%, and the relative abundance of Pichia decreased from 95.41% to 78.12%. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that gut bacteria were involved in various functions such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. On the whole, azadirachtin can significantly alter the structure of the gut microbial community of the oriental fruit fly, increase the diversity of bacterial colonies, disrupt the gut homeostasis, and provide new ideas for biological control.

  Quality Characteristics of Main Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Kunming Tobacco Area XU Anchuan, JIANG Yonglei, XU Xingyang, LIU Wei 2025, 41 (28):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0139 Abstract + ( 70 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1202KB )   ( 20 ) In order to master the quality characteristics of main flue-cured tobacco varieties in the core tobacco-growing areas of Kunming, the tobacco leaves of main varieties in five counties (cities) with similar ecological conditions were taken as the research objects. The characteristics of tobacco leaves of ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’, ‘K326’, ‘Yunyan 87’, ‘NC102’ and ‘NC297’ were systematically analyzed from the aspects of appearance quality, physical characteristics, polyphenol content, plastid pigment, aroma components and sensory quality. The results showed that the five main flue-cured tobacco varieties in Kunming had their own characteristics in appearance quality, physical properties, internal chemical composition and sensory quality of tobacco leaves. ‘NC297’ had good maturity, and ‘Yunyan 87’ had obvious dark orange color and loose leaf structure. The tensile strength and tensile resistance of the upper leaves of ‘NC297’ were significantly better, and the filling value of ‘K326’ and ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ was higher. The content of scopoletin in ‘K326’ tobacco leaves was significantly higher, and the content of scopoletin and β-damascenone in ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ tobacco leaves was significantly lower. The contents of heterocyclic and β-damascenone in the middle leaves of ‘NC102’ were significantly higher. The ‘Honghua Dajinyuan’ tobacco leaves had outstanding sweetness and elegant aroma; the burnt aroma of ‘K326’ tobacco leaves was obvious and the concentration was high. ‘Yunyan 87’ tobacco leaves had obvious sweet fragrance; the fragrance of ‘NC102’ tobacco leaves was obvious; the burnt sweet aroma of ‘NC297’ tobacco leaves was exposed with a lingering fragrance. There were significant differences in maturity, leaf structure, tensile strength, filling value, scopoletin content, β-damascenone content, aroma components and sensory quality among the five main flue-cured tobacco varieties in the core tobacco area of Kunming. It can provide a basis for rational distribution of planting structure of flue-cured tobacco varieties, mining the characteristics of high-quality tobacco leaves, and purchasing high-quality raw materials for cigarette industry enterprises.

  Genomic Profiling and Genetic Resource Evaluation of Scoliodon macrorhynchos LIU Xiaoru, LI Mingseng, ZHANG Yaoren, XU Shengyong 2025, 41 (28):  139-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0473 Abstract + ( 55 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1573KB )   ( 6 ) The Pacific spadenose shark (Scoliodon macrorhynchos) is a cartilaginous fish commonly found in China's coastal waters. In recent years, the population resources of this species are continuously declining and it has been listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List. In order to further understand the species and provide a basis for its scientific management and protection, this study investigated and analyzed genomic genetic resources of S. macrorhynchos. In this study, whole-genome resequencing was performed on the genomic DNA of the S. macrorhynchos. Using the resequencing data, preliminary genome assembly was conducted and its quality was evaluated. Genome-wide identification of microsatellite loci was carried out with calculation of their relative abundance. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence was de novo assembled using bioinformatics software. The assembled mitochondrial sequence was comparatively analyzed against published GenBank reference sequences to identify variant sites; variations were annotated by genomic location (protein-coding genes, tRNA genes, and the control region) and analyzed for nonsynonymous substitutions. The results showed that the genome of the S. macrorhynchos exhibited the following characteristics: size= 2991.63 Mb, heterozygosity rate= 0.46%, repetitive sequence proportion= 63.37% and GC content= 44.34%. The preliminary genome assembly yielded a total length of 2482 Mb with a scaffold N50 of 3342 bp. A total of 470542 microsatellite loci were identified genome-wide, with a relative abundance of about 189.58 loci/Mb. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence (16693 bp) was de novo assembled using bioinformatics tools, consistent with published GenBank reference sequences. Comparative analysis revealed 19 variant sites in the mitochondrial genome: 16 in protein-coding genes, 2 in tRNA genes, and 1 in the control region. Among variants in protein-coding genes, 4 were nonsynonymous substitutions located in the COIII, ND4, ND5, and Cyt b genes. The genome of the S. macrorhynchos is likely of a complex type. This study obtained foundational genetic resources including a draft genome assembly, genome-wide microsatellite markers, and mitochondrial genome data. Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis revealed heightened variability in protein-coding regions. Multiple nonsynonymous substitutions detected in key mitochondrial genes (COIII, ND4, ND5, Cyt b) suggest that relaxed purifying selection may be the primary evolutionary driver of the mitochondrial genome in this species. This research aims to provide essential genetic resources for advancing S. macrorhynchos genomics studies, investigations of genetic evolution, and conservation initiatives.

  Effects of Fertilization on Pond Water Quality, Plankton Population Structure and the Growth Performance of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis LYU Fengshuo, CHEN Ming, DONG Xiaoqing, KONG Yuxin, NIU Xiaotian, CHEN Xiumei, WANG Guiqin 2025, 41 (28):  146-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0370 Abstract + ( 57 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1654KB )   ( 8 ) To investigate the effects of fertilization on pond water quality, plankton population structure, and the growth performance of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, H. molitrix and A. nobilis were used as experimental subjects. Four fish fertilizers with different compositions were applied in ponds, namely compound fertilizer (C1), compound fertilizer (C2), organic fertilizer (C3) and inorganic fertilizer (C4). The effects of four fish fertilizers were explored by measuring the physicochemical indicators of pond water, quantitatively analyzing plankton, and measuring growth performance of H. molitrix and A. nobilis. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen content of C2 ponds was significantly higher than C4 ponds (P<0.05), the nitrite content of C1 and C2 ponds were significantly lower than C4 ponds (P<0.05), and the total hardness of C1 and C2 ponds was significantly higher than C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05). On the 8th day of fertilization, the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton of C1 and C2 ponds was significantly higher than C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05), the biomass of phytoplankton of C3 ponds was significantly lower than C4 ponds (P<0.05). On the 10th day of fertilization, the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton of C1 and C2 ponds were significantly higher than C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05), and the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton of C3 ponds was significantly higher than C4 ponds (P<0.05). The growth results showed that the weight gain rate of H. molitrix and A. nobilis of C1 and C2 ponds were significantly higher than C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05). The fullness of H. molitrix of C1 and C2 ponds were significantly higher than C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05), the fullness of A. nobilis of C1 ponds were significantly higher than C2, C3 and C4 ponds (P<0.05). In conclusion, compound fertilizer build a positive material cycle from plankton to fish by continuously releasing nutrients, which can maintain stable water quality and improve fish growth performance. The effect of compound fertilizer is better than the single inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer. Under the condition of maintaining the best water quality, the ratio of compound fertilizer of C2 is the best.

  Water Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Aquaculture Ponds in Lianyungang Area WANG Zhengwei, YU Fei, YANG Cheng, LU Jikun, JIANG Shanshan, SUN Yuqi, GAO Huan 2025, 41 (28):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0031 Abstract + ( 54 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 13 ) In order to evaluate the water quality condition of aquaculture ponds in Lianyungang area, this study sampled and analyzed the source water, pond water and tailwater of nine freshwater aquaculture ponds and four seawater aquaculture ponds from May to December 2022, with a focus on the physicochemical indexes of aquaculture ponds and the trend of change. This study adopted the single-factor pollution index method and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method to assess the degree of pollution of pond water and tail water in the aquaculture ponds systematically. The monitoring results indicated that the concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the pond water of seawater aquaculture ponds was higher from May to July, while the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) reached its peak in August. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in pond water from freshwater aquaculture ponds were higher overall, and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) was higher in May, and the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) increased significantly from August to October. The analysis of tailwater quality indicated that the main pollutant in the tailwater of the seawater aquaculture ponds was DIN, and the concentration of DIN in 50.0% of the tail water exceeded the secondary discharge standard of Jiangsu Provincial Discharge Standard of Water from Aquaculture Ponds; the main pollutants in the tailwater of the freshwater aquaculture ponds were NH4+-N and TN, with the proportions of the tailwater exceeding the secondary discharge standard being 25.0% and 37.5% respectively. Based on the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index evalution, 37.5% of the pond water in seawater ponds and 50.0% of the pond water in freshwater ponds were at moderate and severe pollution levels. Overall, 75.0% of the surveyed ponds aquaculture tailwater was relatively clean, with the overall quality condition being good.