关键词: 冬小麦, 冬小麦, 历史演变, 施肥, 特征, 展望

Abstract: To investigate the influences of different ratios of base and top-dressing fertilizer on yield and dry matter accumulation of double season rice in Hunan province, using ‘Xiangzaoxian32hao’ and ‘Zhongjiazao17’ as early rice variety, ‘Xiangwanxian12hao’ and ‘Wuyou308’ as late rice variety, field experiment was carried out by six different ratios of basal and top-dressing fertilizer and non-fertilization treatment.The result showed that fertilization could increase rice yield than non-fertilization by 16.07%-91.33%.The highest yield were occurred in ratio of 8:2:0:0 in ‘Zhongjiazao17’ as 7497.00 kg/ha in early rice and the ratio of 6:2:2:0 in ‘Wuyou308’ as 9387.90 kg/ha in late rice.The dry matter accumulation with ratio of 4:3:3:0 in early and late rice were higher than others,which was a proper fertilization mode to accumulate dry matter in rice.The root,stem,leaf and panicle weights of former-lower-latter-higher fertilization mode were significantly lower than other treatments,since root and stem weights of ratio of 0:5:3:2 were lower than others by 9.72%-63.84and 6.42%-27.82% which means latter fertilization could have a declination in the dry matter accumulation of rice.Therefore, in Hunan area,tillering was promoted in condition of more base and tillering fertilizer in early rice, and heavy base and tillering fertilizer with suitable panicle fertilizer could increase the number of spikelets per unit area and the seed setting rate in late rice, which could obtain high yield of double season rice.