旅游目的地农民幸福指数测量模型构建及应用——泰宁世界遗产地旅游乡村社区的对比分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-2002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于旅游业对乡村社区可能产生的影响，从民主权力、经济、社会文化、环境等4个维度构建旅游目的地农民幸福指数测量模型。以泰宁世界遗产地的寨下村和下坊村作为实证地，采用深度访谈和调查问卷法，运用SPSS统计工具进行定量分析。研究发现，下坊村村民幸福指数87分，寨下村村民仅为64分，旅游参与程度高的下坊村幸福指数显著高于参与程度低的寨下村；旅游业对乡村老人和妇女幸福感正向贡献最为显著；民主权力是影响社区农民从旅游发展中获取收益进而获得幸福感的根本因素，经济影响与社区农民幸福感关联性最直接也最密切，社会文化和环境因素对村民幸福感有一定影响但不显著。研究表明，为确保旅游业与乡村社区协调发展，建立以社区居民幸福为导向的旅游发展评价体系有必要成为地方政府的施政参考。

关键词: 农民, 农民

Abstract: Based on possible tourism impacts on rural communities, measurement model for happiness index of peasant in tourism destination was constructed in democratic power, economic, social-cultural, environmental aspects. With in-depth interview, questionnaires survey, and SPSS statistical tools for quantitative analysis, an empirical and comparative analysis was given for two villages of Taining National Scenic District, which is also world natural heritage. Research found that villagers’happiness index in Xiafang was 87 points while that of Zaixia’s villagers was only 64 points, which meant the more community participated, the higher happiness index villagers got; old villagers and women villagers got the most significant contribution to happiness index from tourism development; democratic power is the fundamental factor for villager’s happiness by directly influencing their economic benefits gotten from tourism development, economic benefit most closely related to villagers’happiness，social cultural and environmental factors gave limited influence on happiness. Research showed the coordinated development of tourism and rural community necessitates reasonable tourism policy should conclude evaluation system of peasant’s happiness in tourist destination.

景秀艳罗金华. 旅游目的地农民幸福指数测量模型构建及应用——泰宁世界遗产地旅游乡村社区的对比分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(5): 215-220.

参考文献

[1] Diener E d, Eunkook M S, Richard E L, et al. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress[J].Psychological Bulletin,1999,125(2): 276-302.
[2] 娄伶俐.主观幸福感的经济理论与实证研究[D].上海：复旦大学博士研究生论文,2009:20.
[3] Monika Echtermeyer. Brands as destinations – The new tourism objective for Chinese tourists[J].Trends and Issues in Global Tourism,2009, Part 6:165-181.
[4] Allen L R, Long P T, Perdue R R, et al. The impact of tourism development on residents’perceptions of community life[J].Journal of Travel Research,1988,27(1):16-21.
[5] Perdue R R, Long P T, Kang Y S. Boomtown tourism and resident quality of life: The marketing of gaming to host community residents[J].Journal of Business Research,1999,44(3):165-177.
[6] Andereck K L, Nyaupane G P. Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among residents [J].Journal of Travel Research,2011,50(3):248-260.
[7] 郭英之,姜静娴,李雷,等.旅游发展对中国旅游成熟目的地居民生活质量影响的感知研究[J].旅游科学,2007,21(2):23-28.
[8] 卢松,张捷,李东和,等.旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的比较——以西递景区与九寨沟景区为例[J].地理学报,2008,63(6): 646-656.
[9] 苏勤,林炳耀.基于态度与行为的我国旅游地居民的类型划分:以西递、周庄、九华山为例[J].地理研究, 2004,23(1):104-114.
[10] 黎志逸,赵云,程道品.旅游目的地居民幸福指数评价体系构建[J].商业时代,2009(29):104-106.
[11] Pizam A. Tourism’ s impact: The social costs to the destination community perceived by its residents[J].Journal of Travel Research, 1978,16(4):8-12.
[12] Helliwell John, Haifang Huang. How’s your government? international evidence linking good government and well-being[J]. Forthcoming in British Journal of Political Science,2006(38): 595-619.
[13] 张文政.乡村社区权力结构的转型分析[J].管理科学,2004,33(6): 115-118.
[14] 李文军,马雪蓉.自然保护地旅游经营权转让中社区获益能力的变化[J].北京大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2009,46(5):146-154.
[15] 翁时秀,彭华.权力关系对社区参与旅游发展的影响—以浙江省楠溪江芙蓉村为例[J].旅游学刊,2010,25(9):51-57.
[16] 保继刚,孙九霞.雨崩村社区旅游:社区参与方式及其增权意义[J].旅游论坛,2008,1(1):58-65.
[17] 冯淑华,沙润.乡村旅游中农村妇女就业与发展研究—以江西婺源为例[J].妇女研究论丛,2007(1):27-31.
[18] 郭华,甘巧林.乡村旅游社区居民社会排斥的多维度感知[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(8):87-94.
[19] Bruno S F. Happiness: A revolution in economics[M]. Massachusetts:The MIT Press Cambridge,2008:48-75.
[20] Carol Graham. Happiness around the world-The paradox of happy peasants and miserable millionaires[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,2009:146.
[21] 史春云,韩宝平,刘泽华,等.旅游地居民感知与态度的比较研究—以九寨沟、庐山和周庄为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1400-1407.
[22] 陈秀琼,林雅恋.旅游开发对社区居民生活质量影响分析—同安野山谷生态乐园案例[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(21):440-445.
[23] 王剑,赵媛.风景名胜区旅游发展与农村社区居民权益受损分析—以樟江风景名胜区为例[J].人文地理,2009,24(2):120-124.
[24] David M C. Changing communities, community satisfaction, and quality of life: A view of multiple perceived indicators[J]. Socical Indicator Research,2010,98(1):105-127.
[25] 刘昌雪.农民对农村发展旅游业的认知与态度研究—以皖南古村落西递和宏村为例[J].商业研究, 2008,(9):164-169.
[26] 李志飞.少数民族山区居民对旅游影响的感知和态度—以柴埠溪国家森林公园为例[J].旅游学刊,2006,21(2):22-25.
[27] 薛玉梅.从社会学和旅游管理体制双角度解析旅游中的社区参与[J].贵州社会科学,2009(6):59-62.
[28] 卢松,张捷,李东和,杨效忠,等.旅游地居民对旅游影响感知和态度的比较—以西递景区与九寨沟景区为例[J].地理学报,2008,63(6): 646-656.
[29] Ada Ferrer-i-Carbonell, John M G. Environmental degradation and happiness[J]. Ecological Economics,2007,60(3):509–516.
[30] 杨桂红.试论社区居民参与旅游业发展对环境保护的积极作用—以碧塔海旅游景区为例[J].经济问题探索,2001,(11):124-126.
[31] 李松志,张贵霞.乡村旅游发展对乡村景观变迁的影响研究—以江西婺源县为例[J].江苏商论,2010,(2):96-98.
[32] 梁发祥,曹娟玲,罗荣娥,等.农民环境意识的偏失及矫正—来自甘肃省定西市安定区的调查[J].华中农业大学学报:社会科学版, 2010,(3):56-59.
[33] 税伟,陈烈,王山河.城市化与城市近郊乡村旅游开发研究—以成都邛崃市鹤鸣村为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2005,21(3):97-100.
[34] 苗元江.幸福感:指标与测量[J].广东社会科学,2007(3):63-68.
[35] 范弘雨.幸福指数涵义的二重性辨析[J].宁夏师范学院学报:社会科学版,2010,31(1):148-151.
[36] 俞灵燕,王岚“ . 幸福指数”编制及指标体系建构探析[J].统计科学与实践,2010,(10):23-25.