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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 133-138.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110046

所属专题: 马铃薯

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒地区脱毒马铃薯高产栽培技术研究

张延丽,扎西普赤,杨喜珍,达娃普尺   

  1. (西藏日喀则市农业科学研究所/西藏马铃薯工程技术研究中心,西藏日喀则 857000)
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-07 修回日期:2015-04-10 接受日期:2014-11-28 出版日期:2015-05-06 发布日期:2015-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 张延丽
  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区科技厅重点科技项目“脱毒马铃薯高产栽培技术研究与示范项目”(XZ-2012016)。

Study on High Yield Cultivation Techniques of Virus Free Potato in Alpine Region

Zhang Yanli, Zha Xipuchi, Yang Xi Zhen, Da Wapuchi   

  1. (Agricultural Science Research Institute of Rikaz Tibet Autonomous Region/Tibet Engineering Research Center for Potato, Rikaze Tibet 857000)
  • Received:2014-11-07 Revised:2015-04-10 Accepted:2014-11-28 Online:2015-05-06 Published:2015-05-06

摘要: 为了改变西藏地区马铃薯栽培沿用的传统施肥方法和栽培模式,发挥脱毒马铃薯自身的优良习性,使产量和品质得到大幅度提高,为脱毒薯的推广和本地马铃薯产业的发展打好基础。采用正交试验方法,研究了干旱半干旱气候、土壤贫瘠的自然条件下高寒地区的脱毒马铃薯高效施肥技术和合理种植密度。结果表明:氮肥是马铃薯植株健壮生长和获得较高产量不可缺少的基本肥料之一,充足的钾肥,有利于马铃薯植株营养体生长,使产量和质量都得到提高。在密度90000株/hm2、氮肥360 kg/hm2、磷肥180 kg/hm2、钾肥300 kg/hm2时,可以获得最高产量,在此试验条件下产量可以达到35808 kg/hm2;种植密度增大减少商品薯,在播种密度为75000株/hm2时,既可以保证产量又有利于增加商品薯。通过试验研究表明:在高寒地区一定范围内播种密度越大产量越高,氮肥和钾肥处于第二影响因素,磷肥对产量的增产作用不显著。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 旱地小麦, 氮磷肥, 土壤水分, 根系特性

Abstract: The study aims to change the traditional fertilization methods and cultivation mode of potato cultivation in Tibet, give play to the good habits and characteristics of virus free potato, improve potato yield and quality, and lay a foundation for the promotion of virus-free potato and development of potato industry. Using the orthogonal test method, under drought natural semiarid climatic of alpine region and poor soil conditions, the author studied high fertilization techniques of virus free potato and reasonable planting density. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer could greatly promote the growth of potato plants and was one of the basic fertilizer to obtain high yield. Plenty of potassium fertilizer could be beneficial to the potato plant vegetative growth, yield and quality. When density was 90000 plants per hundred-square-meter, nitrogen fertilizer was 360 kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer was 180 kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer was 300 kg/hm2, the maximum yield of 35808 kg/hm2 was achieved. The planting density increase could reduce the production of commodity potato, when sowing density was 75000 plants per hundred-square-meter, both the output and the increase production of commodity potato could be guaranteed. The study showed that in the alpine region within a certain range, the more the sowing density the higher the yield of the virus-free potato, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer belonged to the second influencing factor and phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on yield.