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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (17): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030070

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

耐旱耐热小麦新种质筛选及新品种选育

毕红园, 柴永峰, 赵智勇(), 李秀绒, 王倩, 潘田雨   

  1. 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城 044000
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-18 修回日期:2019-05-29 出版日期:2020-06-15 发布日期:2020-06-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵智勇
  • 作者简介:毕红园,女,1989年出生,山西运城人,助理研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事旱地小麦遗传育种工作。通信地址:044000 山西省运城市盐湖区黄河大道118号 山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,E-mail:543876529@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目七大作物育种专项“抗病抗逆小麦新品种培育”(2017YFD0100604);山西省农业科学院应用基础研究计划“小麦抗旱高产广适新种质筛选和新品种选育研究”(YCX2020YQ49);有机旱作农业研发专项“抗旱抗倒优质丰产小麦种质资源创制及新品种选育”(YCX2020403);山西省农业科学院育种工程“抗旱耐热小麦新品种选育”(17YZGC001)

Screening of New Wheat Germplasm and Breeding of New Wheat Variety With Drought and Heat Resistance

Bi Hongyuan, Chai Yongfeng, Zhao Zhiyong(), Li Xiurong, Wang Qian, Pan Tianyu   

  1. Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng Shanxi 044000
  • Received:2019-03-18 Revised:2019-05-29 Online:2020-06-15 Published:2020-06-09
  • Contact: Zhao Zhiyong

摘要:

黄淮麦区水资源严重紧缺,人均、每公顷水资源占有量远低于全国平均水平。为了解决这些问题,培育出抗旱耐热的优良旱地小麦品种是最经济有效的技术措施。本研究通过多种途径平均收集旱地小麦种质资源500余份,经过生态指标观测及分子水平检测,筛选出目标性状优良并有较高遗传力的核心亲本。利用这些核心亲本,以常规杂交选育为主,结合分子标记辅助选择;生态育种与穿梭育种相结合;形态特征、生育特性与仪器指标测试相结合的育种方法,对后代材料进行抗逆性、节水性、优质性能和高产潜力的综合评价。最终育成‘运旱137’(晋审麦2016004)和‘运旱139-1’(晋审麦20170004)2个抗旱耐热的旱地小麦新品种及若干遗传基础丰富并具有特殊优良性状的中间材料。其中,‘运旱1411-2’、‘运旱1512’、‘运旱1818’、‘运旱1816’、‘运旱139-2’等已经参加了各类区域试验。本研究为其他育种者提供了参考,也为后续新品种的推广做好了准备。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 品种, 核心亲本, 杂交, 耐旱耐热

Abstract:

Huanghuai wheat region is seriously short of water resources. Per capita and per hectare water resource in the region are far lower than the national average. To solve the problems, the most economical and effective technical measure is to breed good dryland wheat varieties with drought and heat resistance. In this study, about 500 samples of dryland wheat germplasm resources were collected. With ecological index observation and molecular level detection, the core parents with excellent traits and high heritability were screened out. Using these core parents, conventional hybridization was adopted as the main breeding method combining with molecular marker-assisted selection; ecological breeding was combined with shuttle breeding; morphological characteristics, fertility characteristics were combined with instrument index test. Then, the stress resistance, water saving, high quality performance and high yield potential of the progeny materials were comprehensively evaluated. ‘Yunhan 137’ (Jinshen wheat 2016004) and ‘Yunhan 139-1’ (Jinshen wheat 20170004), the two new dryland wheat varieties with drought and heat resistance and some intermediate materials with rich genetic basis as well as special good characters were developed. Among them, ‘Yungan 1411-2’, ‘Yungan 1512’, ‘Yungan 1818’, ‘Yungan 1816’ and ‘Yungan 139-2’' have participated in various regional trials.

Key words: dry-land wheat, variety, core parents, hybridization, drought-resistant and heat-resistant

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