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中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (20): 25-34.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020032

• 水产 渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

海河流域黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性研究

詹凡玢,黎 洁,李军涛,仲 嘉,肖 爽,张大龙,王卫民   

  1. (华中农业大学水产学院/农业动物遗传育种教育部重点实验室/农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室,武汉 430070)
  • 收稿日期:2015-02-04 修回日期:2015-06-23 接受日期:2015-04-24 出版日期:2015-07-28 发布日期:2015-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 王卫民
  • 基金资助:
    2012年度国家重大科技专项“水污染控制与治理”课题“海河流域河流生态完整性影响机制与恢复途径研究”(2012ZX07203-006)。

Study on Biodiversity of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Heilonggang-Yudong River System

Zhan Fanbin, Li Jie, Li Juntao, Zhong Jia, Xiao Shuang, Zhang Dalong, Wang Weimin   

  1. (College of Fishery, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education/Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070)
  • Received:2015-02-04 Revised:2015-06-23 Accepted:2015-04-24 Online:2015-07-28 Published:2015-07-28

摘要: 为揭示黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构与时空分布模式,2013年6月对海河流域黑龙港运东水系大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了采样调查,采用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物多样性,并对其进行聚类和因子分析。共检测到大型底栖无脊椎动物64种,隶属3门6纲21科49属,其中昆虫纲34种(53.1%),腹足纲13种(20.3%),寡毛纲9种(14.1%),瓣鳃纲4种(6.2%),甲壳纲3种(4.7%),蛭纲1种(1.6%)。结果表明该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物种类组成以昆虫纲的摇蚊为主,而生物量组成则以腹足纲的种类为主。该水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构相对简单,物种多样性较低,生物量和密度分布不均匀,但漳卫新河和南运河段物种较为丰富。使用耐污种寡毛纲颤蚓科来指示水体污染程度,该水系各河流中游污染较轻,上游和下游河段均呈中度或重度污染。

关键词: 遥感, 遥感, 土地生态风险指数, 转移矩阵

Abstract: In order to reveal the community structure and spatiotemporal patterns of macrobenthos in Heilonggang-Yudong river system, benthic macroinvertebrates in Heilonggang-Yudong river system were investigated in June 2013. Biological diversity was assessed using Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index. Meanwhile, clustering and factor analysis were applied to analyze the community structure. A total of 64 species, belonging to 3 phyla, 6 classes and 21 families, were identified. Among them, the aquatic insects were the most abundant. The numbers and ratios of reported species belonging to Insecta, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Lamellibranchia, Crustacea and Hirudinea were 34 (53.1%), 13 (20.3%), 9 (14.1%), 4 (6.2%), 3 (4.7%), and 1 (1.6%), respectively. The highest density among the macroinvertebrates was identified for chironomids in Insecta, while the biomass composition was dominated by Gastropods. The results revealed that macroinvertebrate community structure of the system was simple with low species diversity, and biomass and density distribution were not uniform. However, species in the Zhangwei New River and South Canal were rich. The analyses indicated that pollution was slight in the middle reaches of the river system, while the presence of Tubificidae in Oligochaeta in the upper and downstream reaches indicated moderate or severe water pollution.