欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (25): 206-212.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040141

所属专题： 水产渔业； 棉花

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

“上棉下渔”对沿黄盐碱地土壤的改良作用

周晓梦,季相山   

  1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院水产养殖学系,山东农业大学动物科技学院水产养殖学系
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-17 修回日期:2015-07-18 接受日期:2015-05-25 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 季相山
  • 基金资助:
    山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目“沿黄低洼重盐碱地生态开发研究”；山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类创新团队“山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类产业创新团队遗传育种岗位”(SDAIT-15-011-02)，“山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类产业创新团队济宁综合试验站”(SDAIT-15-011-09)；山东省农业良种工程项目“青虾速生抗逆功能基因的发掘与创新利用研究”。

Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil Along the Yellow River by“Shang Mian Xia Yu”

  • Received:2015-04-17 Revised:2015-07-18 Accepted:2015-05-25 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

PDF (PC)

550

摘要： “上棉下渔”、“上粮下渔”盐碱地开发模式始于20 年前。近几年来随着养虾效益的提高，在山东博兴地区发展较快。探讨“上棉下渔”模式对盐碱地的改良效果，可以为下一步大力推广该模式提供理论依据。在博兴县选择3 个取样点，分别为未经开发的盐碱土，通过“上棉下渔”模式改良2 年和20 年后的台田土。为减少取样点土质对检测结果的影响，选择的这3 个取样点都相距在10 km以内；每个取样点在5 个土层取样，分别为0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm土层。对3 个取样点不同土层的土壤总盐度、碱度、pH 值、有机质及可培养微生物的数量进行了研究。结果表明：开发2 年后，脱盐率达到59.7%，开发20 年之后，脱盐率达到90.3%；开发2 年后，土壤碱度变化不大，20 年后，土壤碱度由最初的2.004×10-3 mol/L 下降到0.6311×10-3 mol/L，说明土壤碱度改良难度较大；随着开发年数的增加，各土层pH值都较未开发时有所下降，逐渐接近中性；开发20 年后土壤有机质含量提高了15.58%；在0~20 cm土层，开发2 年之后的土壤可培养微生物的总量是未开发的12.73 倍。总体上来看，“上棉下渔”对沿黄盐碱地土壤有较好的改良作用，“上棉下渔”是一种非常值得推广的盐碱地改良措施。

关键词: 玉米, 玉米, 密度, 产量, ‘郑单958’, ‘隆平206’, ‘鲁单981’

Abstract: The saline- alkali land development mode of“Shang Mian Xia Yu”or“Shang Liang Xia Yu”started 20 years ago. In recent years, with the improvement of shrimp cultivation, the mode has a rapid development in the Boxing Region of Shandong Province. Investigating the improvement effects on salinealkali land with the mode of“Shang Mian Xia Yu”could provide a theoretical basis for further wide promotion of this mode. In Boxing County, 3 sample points were chosen, including saline- alkali land without development, raised fields soil improved through“Shang Mian Xia Yu”mode for 2 years and 20 years later. In order to reduce the influence of sample points’soil quality on the test results, 3 sample points were within 10 km distance. Each sample point was sampled in 5 soil layers, respectively, 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80- 100 cm soil layer. The salinity, alkalinity, pH value, quantity of organic matter and the amount of culturable microorganisms of the three different soil sample points were studied. The results showed that after 2 years of improvement, the desalination rate reached 59.7%, after 20 years improvement, the desalination rate reached 90.3%. The soil alkalinity did not change significantly after 2 years of improvement, however, soil alkalinity decreased from 2.004×10-3 mol/L to 0.6311×10-3 mol/L after 20 years of improvement, which showed that the soil alkalinity in saline- alkali land was more difficult to improve than soil salinity. With the increase of improving years, each soil layer’s pH value was gradually reduced compared with that of the saline-alkali land without development and almost close to neutral. The soil organic matter content was enhanced by 15.58% after 20 years of improvement. The amount of cultivable microorganisms in 0-20 cm soil was 12.73 times of that in the saline-alkali land without development after 2 years of improvements. Overall,“Shang Mian Xia Yu”has a good improvement effect on the saline-alkali soil along the Yellow River and this mode is an effective saline-alkali land improvement measure that deserves extending.