关键词: 有机水稻, 有机水稻, 旱育秧田, 除草, 引草, 退土, 干种

Abstract: In this study, different maturity maize varieties were sown in some early-mature areas, in order to choose adapted maize varieties and define matching method of cultivation technology. The responses of yields and yield characters of different maturity maize varieties to sowing time and fertilization method were studied in early-mature areas of Shanxi Province in 2012. The results showed that, under common cultivation conditions, although the yield of medium-mature variety ‘Dafeng30’ was the highest, the variety could not mature completely in normal years, and seed rate and harvest index were the lowest in four different maturity varieties. The yields of extraordinary earlier-maturity varieties were the lowest and the varieties could not use light and heat resources efficiently. So comprehensively considering the conditions of high yield, stable production, high quality and high efficiency, the early-mature variety ‘kx9384’ was more suitable for cultivation in early-mature area. Both ‘kxa6336’ and ‘kx9384’ had short growth period, when they were sown 10 days earlier than normal, their critical water requiring period would be moved up to June which often had more drought, this would cause obvious yield reduction, the kernel number of the two varieties decreased by 6.0% and 2.8%, respectively; and the economic yield decreased by 6.5% and 4.6%, respectively. Both ‘Bingdan16’ and ‘Dafeng30’ had relatively long growth period, when they were sown earlier, partly effective accumulated temperature could be achieved, and the critical water requiring period would be moved up to July which often had more rainfall, so the main ear characters of the early sowed treatment were better than that of CK obviously, and the economic yield of the two varieties increased by 4.6% and 5.0%, respectively. Compared with split fertilization, deep applied whole fertilizer one time had less effects on maize varieties which had short growth period and early germination, but it had stronger inhibition effect on the varieties which had long growth period, there was no difference on economic yield of three different fertilization treatments on ‘kxa6336’, ‘kx9384’ and ‘Bingdan16’ which all had short growth period relatively, but all higher than unfertilized treatment obviously, and the economic yield of ‘Dafeng30’ which had long growth period decreased obviously (P<0.05) along with the increasing percent of deep applied fertilizer, the economic yields of deep applied whole fertilizer were lower than that of 1/3 deep applied fertilizer obviously and decreased by 5.1%, but had no difference with unfertilized treatments. So giving consideration to both simplified cultivation and yields, the deep applied whole fertilizer was more suitable for maize varieties which had short growth period and early germination.