分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050179

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究分层供水条件下施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响，为指导旱地施磷提供一定理论和实践依据。以土垫旱耕人为土为供试土壤，进行土柱模拟试验，研究分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响。试验设不施磷和施磷于0~30 cm和 30~60 cm土层 3种处理，每个施磷水平下设整体湿润和上干下湿（0~30 cm土层干旱胁迫， 30~60 cm土层湿润） 2种水分处理。不同土层水磷处理显著影响冬小麦产量和磷、氮、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配。结果表明，与整体湿润处理相比，上干下湿水分处理下冬小麦产量和籽粒氮、磷、钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05)，其他营养器官养分累积量及分配率则差异不显著。磷肥施用深度对冬小麦产量和不同器官氮、磷、钾养分累积量和分配率的影响与不同土层的土壤水分状况有关。整体湿润条件下，与磷肥表施处理相比，磷肥深施处理产量显著降低(P＜0.05)，减产 7.49%，上干下湿水分条件下，则相反，增产 11.2%(P＜0.05)；整体湿润条件下，与磷肥表施处理处理相比，磷肥深施处理显著降低叶片+茎鞘氮、磷、钾累积量(P＜0.05)，对分配率的影响差异均不显著，上干下湿水分处理下，与磷肥表施处理相比，磷肥深施处理籽粒氮、磷、钾累积量及分配率均显著增加(P＜0.05)。本模拟试验结果表明，土壤水分供应不足时，磷肥深施提高冬小麦籽粒氮、磷、钾养分累积量及分配率，促进光合产物向穗部转移，从而有利于形成高产。

关键词: 耕地质量, 耕地质量, 监测样点布设, 分区组合法

Abstract: The experiment on effects of water supply and phosphorus application in different depth on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat was of theoretical and practical importance to phosphorus application and winter wheat growth in dryland farming. A cylindrical pot experiment was conducted with eum-ortllic anthrosols (cinnamon soils) to study the effects of water supply and phosphorus application in different depth on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat. There were three phosphorus levels [no phosphorus (CK) and P was placed either in the topsoil at 0-30 cm (SP) or in the subsoil at 30-60 cm (DP)], water treatments were introduced to provide ample water supply with both topsoil and subsoil wet and dry topsoil but ample water supply in the subsoil (W2). The results showed that there were large differences on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat among different treatments. Compared with both topsoil and subsoil wet treatment, dry topsoil but ample water supply in the subsoil treatment increased yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution in wheat grains, but it had no significant difference in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of other organs; while the effect of phosphorus placement on yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of winter wheat organs was different for soil water. The yield of winter wheat was significantly lower in the deep phosphorus application than that in the surface phosphorus application when water was well-supplied (P＜0.05), decreased by 7.49%, however significantly descended when soil water supply was deficient (P＜0.05), increased by 11.2%. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake of leaves, stem and sheath was significantly lower in the deep phosphorus application than that in the surface phosphorus application when water was wellsupplied (P＜0.05), however nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of wheat grains significantly increased when soil water supply was deficient (P＜0.05). The simulated study suggested that deep placement of fertilizer phosphorus could enhance nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution in wheat grains under dry conditions, with the yield increased.

马政华,寇长林,康利允. 分层供水施磷对冬小麦产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收及其在不同器官分配的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(27): 15-21.

马政华,寇长林 and 康利允. Influence of Water Supply and Phosphorus Application in Different Depth on Yield and Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution of Winter Wheat[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(27): 15-21.

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