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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (25): 114-119.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0853

所属专题： 生物技术； 土壤重金属污染； 农业工程； 耕地保护

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

合肥市农田土壤质地空间特征分析与耕地质量提升

桂苗1(), 汪甜甜2, 马友华2()   

  1. 1合肥市农业经济技术服务管理总站，合肥 230091
    2安徽农业大学资源与环境学院，合肥 230036
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-01 修回日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 马友华
  • 作者简介:桂苗，男，1980年出生，安徽贵池人，高级农艺师，研究方向：农业经济技术服务。通信地址：230091 安徽合肥市农业经济技术服务管理总站，E-mail：573591369@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省教育厅高校协同创新项目“国产高分辨率对地观测系统安徽区域综合应用示范-高分背景下安徽省耕地质量智慧管理与大数据应用”(GXXT-2019-047);安徽省科技重大专项“现代农业遥感监测系统构建与产业化应用”(202003a06020002);耕地质量保护专项—国家耕地质量监测(21190017)

Spatial Characteristics of Farmland Soil Texture and Improvement of Cultivated Land Quality in Hefei

GUI Miao1(), WANG Tiantian2, MA Youhua2()   

  1. 1Hefei Agricultural Economic and Technical Service Management Station, Hefei 230091
    2College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036
  • Received:2021-09-01 Revised:2021-11-22 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-08-26
  • Contact: MA Youhua

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摘要：

查清合肥市农田土壤质地与质地构型的类型，了解其在不同土壤类型和行政区域上的空间分布特征，进一步改善质地情况并提升其耕地质量。利用2018—2020年合肥市耕地质量监测点数据，结合各县区《土壤志》，在ArcMap 10.6软件支持下，对合肥市农田土壤质地及质地构型空间特征分布进行分析。结果表明：（1）合肥市耕地耕层质地以中壤和重壤为主，巢湖市和庐江县以重壤质地为主，肥东县和肥西县以中壤质地为主，耕地耕层质地情况较好。（2）合肥市耕地质地构型以上松下紧型和紧实型为主，巢湖市、肥东县和肥西县耕地均以上松下紧型质地构型为主，而庐江县和长丰县耕地则以紧实型质地构型为主。（3）对合肥市砂质土和粘质土质地构型进行改良，主要针对薄层型、松散型和上紧下松型，主要有客土改良法、有机物料回填法、机械改土法、引洪漫淤法和土壤剖面重构法5种方法。合肥市大部分农田土壤质地较为粘重，质地构型通气性良好，对砂粘质土等不良质地构型土壤应进行针对性提升措施，从而改善其土壤肥力状况和提升耕地质量。

关键词: 质地, 质地构型, 空间特征, 耕地质量提升, 合肥市

Abstract:

To clarify the types of farmland soil texture and texture configuration in Hefei, understand their spatial distribution characteristics in different soil types and administrative regions, and further improve the texture and quality of farmland, based on the data of cultivated land quality monitoring points in Hefei from 2018 to 2020, and combined with Soil Records of each county and district, the spatial characteristics of farmland soil texture and texture configuration in Hefei were analyzed with the support of ArcMap 10.6 software. The results showed that: (1) the cultivated land topsoil texture in Hefei was mainly medium loam soil and heavy loam soil, Chaohu City and Lujiang County had mainly heavy loam soil texture, Feidong County and Feixi County had mainly medium loam soil texture, and the cultivated land topsoil texture was relatively good; (2) the texture configuration of cultivated land in Hefei mainly included upper loose and lower tight type and compact type, the texture configuration of cultivated land in Chaohu City, Feidong County and Feixi County were mainly upper loose and lower tight type, while the texture configuration of cultivated land in Lujiang County and Changfeng County were mainly compact type; (3) to improve the configuration of sandy soil and clayey soil in Hefei, mainly for thin layer type, loose type and upper tight and lower loose type, there are five methods: foreign soil improvement method, organic material backfilling method, mechanical soil improvement method, flood diversion and diffuse siltation method and soil profile reconstruction method. In general, most farmland soils in Hefei are sticky and have good texture configuration ventilation. Targeted improvement measures should be taken for poor texture configuration soils such as sandy clayey soil, so as to improve soil fertility and the quality of cultivated land.

Key words: texture, texture configuration, spatial characteristics, improvement of cultivated land quality, Hefei

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