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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (27): 229-235.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060112

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

团粒结构对黄绵土溅蚀速率和结皮形成的影响研究

胡 霞   

  1. (北京师范大学减灾与应急管理研究院/环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京 100875）
  • 收稿日期:2015-06-20 修回日期:2015-08-06 接受日期:2015-07-14 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 胡霞
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“根系对灌丛化草地土壤大孔隙形成及水分运移的影响”(41471018)。

Effect of Granular Structure on Soil Splash Erosion Rate and Soil Crust Development of Loessial Soil

Hu Xia   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education/Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875)
  • Received:2015-06-20 Revised:2015-08-06 Accepted:2015-07-14 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

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摘要： 为弄清团粒结构在土壤结皮形成过程所起的作用，笔者通过人工模拟降雨溅蚀试验，测定土壤溅蚀速率，同时采样制作土壤切片，分析不同直径团粒对黄绵土溅蚀速率和结皮形成的影响。结果表明：0.15 mm≤D＜2.0 mm和D＜0.038 mm的团粒土壤较易形成结皮，在降雨历时5 min时，土壤表面有结皮形成，随着降雨的继续，土壤表面结皮形成趋于完善；而中度直径0.038 mm≤D＜0.15 mm的团粒土壤不易形成结皮，在降雨历时5 min时，土壤表面都没有结皮形成。在团粒直径范围是0.105 mm≤D＜0.22 mm，随着土壤团粒直径的减小，土壤的溅蚀速率逐渐增加，直径位于0.096~0.15 mm之间的团粒结构土壤的溅蚀速率达到最大，随后，随着土壤团粒直径的减小，土壤溅蚀速率逐渐降低。

关键词: 葡萄, 葡萄, 种植区土壤, 肥力, 评价

Abstract: In order to understand the effect of granular structure on the forming process of soil crust, soil splash erosion rate was measured and soil slice was made through artificial simulated rainfall splash erosion test, the effect of different diameter granular structure on loessal soil splash erosion rate and crust formation was analyzed. The results showed that the soil with diameter of 0.15 mm≤D＜2.0 mm and D＜0.038 mm formed crust easily, when the duration of rainfall was 5 min, soil surface formed crust and the crust tended to be complete as rain continues; while soils granule with medium diameter aggregates (0.038 mm≤D＜0.15 mm) was more difficult to form crust, when the duration of rainfall was 5 min, there was no curst developed. When the soils granule diameter was 0.105 mm≤D＜0.22 mm, the soil splash erosion rate increased with the decrease of diameter, the soil splash erosion rate reached the highest with the diameter of 0.096-0.15 mm, then, the soil splash erosion rate gradually decreased with the decreased of diameter.