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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 21-25.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070055

所属专题： 农业气象

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

2013年昆明市榕属植物冻害及恢复研究

张 媛1,李宗波2   

  1. (1西南林业大学云南生物多样性研究院,昆明 650224；2西南林业大学林学院/云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,昆明 650224）
  • 收稿日期:2015-07-09 修回日期:2016-01-03 接受日期:2015-08-04 出版日期:2016-02-01 发布日期:2016-02-01
  • 通讯作者: 李宗波
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“榕-蜂互惠共生系统防御蚂蚁捕食的机制及其生态学效应”(31560116)；云南省应用基础研究计划项目“传粉榕小蜂寿命及榕-蜂互惠共生系统对环境因子的响应”(2013FD023)；西南林业大学科研启动基金项目“传粉榕小蜂的性比例调节机制研究”。

The Investigation of Ficus Freezing Injury and Recovery in Kunming in 2013

Zhang Yuan1, Li Zongbo2   

  1. (1Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224;2College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University/Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, Kunming 650224)
  • Received:2015-07-09 Revised:2016-01-03 Accepted:2015-08-04 Online:2016-02-01 Published:2016-02-01

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摘要： 为了验证昆明市2013年12月所遭受的“10年1遇”的极端低温天气对该市种植的榕属植物的影响，笔者对市内最常见的3种榕属植物小叶榕、垂叶榕和高山榕所遭受的冻害情况进行调查和分析，将每种处理的冻害程度换算为冻害指数并进行统计分析，并对这3种榕树的冻害恢复进行了2年跟踪调查。结果表明：微环境对榕树的冻害具有显著影响，附近有遮挡的榕树更不容易被冻伤，同时，市郊的榕树比市中心的榕树更容易遭受低温冻害，而榕树的直径对冻伤程度并无显著影响。经过2年的恢复，几乎所有的榕树都能够逐渐恢复健康。结果说明，榕树在昆明市虽可能会遭受低温冻害，但经过后期的护理和恢复，基本都不会死亡，但在郊区，特别是郊区空旷地带，冻害较为严重，需谨慎选择榕树作为行道树。

关键词: 油茶, 油茶, 害虫, 风险评估, 危险性等级, 湖南

Abstract: To verify how the “once in a decade” long-lasting cold wave of December 2013 in Kunming affected the Ficus tree planted in the city, the freezing injury of 3 most common Ficus species, which were F.microcorpa, F.benjamina, and F. altissima, was investigated and analyzed. The severity of freezing injury was transformed into freezing injury index to perform statistical analysis, and a 2-year follow-up investigation was performed to trace the recovery of Ficus trees. The results revealed that, the micro-environment significantly influenced the freezing injury of Ficus trees, trees located near shades were less vulnerable to freezing injury, and the diameter of Ficus trees showed non-prominent association with freezing injury severity. After 2 years recovery, nearly all Ficus trees were gradually recovered. Our results demonstrated that, although Ficus trees might be injured by freezing, through subsequent care and recovery, basically they could all survive. Nevertheless, in rural area, especially open space, the freezing injury could be comparatively severe, thus in those districts, it should be cautious in choosing Ficus as roadside trees.