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中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (15): 38-43.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100045

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

产量提高过程中玉米品种特征研究进展

马达灵,任琴,周峰   

  1. 集宁师范学院生物系,集宁师范学院生物系,集宁师范学院生物系
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-14 修回日期:2015-11-18 接受日期:2015-12-23 出版日期:2016-06-01 发布日期:2016-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 马达灵
  • 基金资助:
    973 项目“作物高产群体结构和功能的优化机理及其定量控制”(2009CB118605)。

Advances in Cultivar Characteristics for Maize Yield Improving

  • Received:2015-10-14 Revised:2015-11-18 Accepted:2015-12-23 Online:2016-06-01 Published:2016-06-01

摘要: 自20 世纪60 年代以来,世界玉米平均单产大幅度提高;而消费需求也是逐年增加。所以,作为世界重要的粮食作物之一,玉米高产潜力的挖掘势在必行。品种选育对玉米产量增益的贡献突出。为了给今后品种选育提供理论依据,归纳前人的研究试验,分析了不同年代玉米品种的结构与功能指标,结果如下:(1)在玉米品种更替过程中,穗位高或穗位系数明显降低,茎叶夹角变小、叶面积增大,叶片持绿期延长。(2)新品种与老品种相比,透光率增加,消光系数降低,倒伏率下降,干物质积累速率与收获指数增加。(3)国内外品种选育指标有差异,但品种的特征都向着优化的方向发展。基于以上结果提出,未来的玉米育种在考虑高耐密植的同时,应注重以种抗病、以种抗虫、以种抗草。

关键词: 文峪河, 文峪河, 河岸林, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: The average yield per unit area of maize (Zea mays L.) has increased considerably since 1960s, but the consumption demand also increases year by year. Therefore, as one of the most important food crops in the world, it is imperative to tap the high yield potential of maize. Variety breeding has great contribution to maize yield. To provide a theoretical basis for maize breeding in the future, this paper analyzed the structure and function indexes of maize cultivars based on summing up previous researches. The results are as follows: (1) ear height or ear ratio (ear height/plant height), and the angle between stem and leaf significantly decrease, but leaf area, green leaf duration increase with the improvement of maize cultivars; (2) compared with old cultivars, new cultivars have more light transmittance, less extinction coefficient in canopy, and have lower lodging rate, higher dry matter accumulation rate and harvest index; (3) although the selection traits are different between domestic and foreign varieties in breeding, the traits of maize cultivars are generally optimized. Based on the above analysis, it is proposed that in future maize breeding, the highlights should be on the cultivars’resistance to disease, insect and grass as well as high planting density.