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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (20): 101-106.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040048

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

长三角城郊区沼液化学组分特点及其农用重金属污染风险评价

周 杨1,章明奎2   

  1. (1浙江缙云县农业局,浙江丽水 321400；2浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州 310058）
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-09 修回日期:2016-05-07 接受日期:2016-05-24 出版日期:2016-07-15 发布日期:2016-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 章明奎
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划项目“东南城郊环保型集约化生态高值农业模式研究与示范”(2014BAD14B04)；浙江省科技富民强县专项基金项目“缙云县特色蔬菜产业提升与发展”。

Characteristics of Chemical Component and Agricultural Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of Biogas Slurry in Suburban Areas of Yangtze Delta

Zhou Yang1, Zhang Mingkui2   

  1. (1Agricultural Bureau of Jinyun, Zhejiang, Lishui Zhejiang 310058; 2College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058)
  • Received:2016-04-09 Revised:2016-05-07 Accepted:2016-05-24 Online:2016-07-15 Published:2016-07-15

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摘要： 为了解沼液组分的变化特征，指导科学施肥，从长三角地区主要市县城郊区的养猪场、养牛场和一般农户的沼气池中共收集了39个沼液原样，测定了pH、有机碳、COD、全氮、NH4-N、NO3-N、有机氮、全磷、全钾和重金属元素铜、锌、铬、铅、砷、镉、汞等的含量，并用多元统计分析评估了组分之间的关系，分析了沼液灌溉农用的重金属污染风险。结果表明：除pH外，不同来源沼液的化学组成有较大的变化，变化幅度多属于中等变异和高强度变异。磷与多数重金属（包括Cu、Zn、As、Cr）含量由高至低依次为：养猪场沼液＞养牛场沼液＞一般农户沼液。主成分分析表明：沼液中磷、铜、锌、砷及铬含量变化相似，可能与饲料添加剂的使用有关；有机碳、COD和全氮、NH4-N及有机氮显著相关，它们的含量可能与沼气发酵中有机物料的投量及成分有关；重金属镉和铅有相似的来源，可能受沼气池当地环境的影响。采用Nemerrow综合指数对沼液农用的重金属潜在污染进行评估，结果显示沼液的灌溉污染潜力均属于无风险的范围。但对于养猪场产生的沼液，在农用时应控制用量。

关键词: 日照时数, 日照时数, 变化特征, 气象因子, 相关性, 石羊河流域

Abstract: In order to understand the component change of biogas slurry and guide the scientific fertilization, 39 biogas slurry samples were collected from marsh gas tanks at pig farms, cattle farms and households in Yangtze delta respectively, pH, organic carbon, COD, total nitrogen, NH4-N, NO3-N, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As, Cd, Hg) were measured, the relationship among different components were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, the agricultural potential risk of heavy metal was analyzed. The results showed that the component (expect pH) of biogas slurry from different resources had significant difference, the amplitude of variation mainly belonged to medium and high strength. The content of phosphorus and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, As, Cr) was in the sequence of pig farms＞ cattle farms＞ households. The results of principal component analysis showed that the change of phosphorus, copper, zinc, arsenic and chromium in biogas slurry was similar, which might be related to the use of feed additives. Organic carbon and COD content were significantly related to the content of total nitrogen, NH4-N and organic nitrogen, which might be related to the application amount and constituent of organic material in the process of ferment. Cadmium and lead had similar sources, which might be related to the local environment of marsh gas tanks. Nemerrow index was used to evaluate the agricultural potential risk of heavy metals of biogas slurry, the results showed that the irrigation risk of all biogas slurry with different sources belonged to no risk, but the application amount of biogas slurry produced from pig farms should be controlled.

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