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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 134-141.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050028

所属专题： 水稻

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻-油轮作条件下长期秸秆还田对土壤肥力的影响

薛 斌,殷志遥,肖 琼,张惠华,刘胤池,徐晓萌,董祥伟,黄 丽   

  1. 华中农业大学资源与环境学院,华中农业大学,华中农业大学,华中农业大学,华中农业大学,华中农业大学,华中农业大学,华中农业大学资源与环境学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-06 修回日期:2016-06-30 接受日期:2016-07-15 出版日期:2017-03-16 发布日期:2017-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 黄 丽
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业（农业）科研专项“主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范”(201303103)；华中农业大学大学生科技创新项目“秸秆还田作用 下农田土壤有机碳组分变化特征研究”(2015062)。

Effects of Long-term Straw Returning on Soil Fertility Under Rice Rape Rotation System

  • Received:2016-05-06 Revised:2016-06-30 Accepted:2016-07-15 Online:2017-03-16 Published:2017-03-16

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摘要： 在湖北省2 个秸秆还田长期定位试验（武穴市8 年和荆州市3 年）的基础上，研究武穴的传统耕作(W1)、秸秆还田配合传统耕作(W2)、免耕(W3)、秸秆还田配合免耕(W4)以及荆州的施氮磷肥(J1)、氮磷钾肥(J2)、秸秆还田配合氮磷肥(J3)、秸秆还田配合氮磷钾肥(J4)处理对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：（1）两地耕层(0~20 cm)土壤中各养分（全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾）的含量均显著高于20~40 cm土层的，秸秆还田和免耕均能有效提高耕层土壤中有机质和全氮的含量，其中W4 和J4 处理效果最好；W4比W1 有机质和全氮分别增加了1.72%~37.55%和2.09%~15.79%，J4 比J1 增加了1.41%~21.90%和5.83%~16.38%；油菜季土壤有机质含量普遍高于水稻季；（2）秸秆还田显著提高耕层土壤的速效养分（碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾）的含量，尤其是速效钾，增幅最大；（3）与W1 和J1 相比，W2 和J3 减小了耕层土壤的容重（分别减小7.81%和2.39%），增大土壤总孔隙度（分别增大4.75%和1.14%）和毛管孔隙度（分别增大3.77%和9.40%）。稻-油轮作条件下长期秸秆还田显著提高耕层土壤养分的含量，降低土壤容重和增大孔隙度，对培肥土壤有积极的作用。

关键词: 山东省马铃薯产业, 山东省马铃薯产业, 发展现状, 对策建议

Abstract: Based on two long-term straw returning experiments (Wuxue for 8 years and Jingzhou for 3 years) in Hubei Province, the effect of conventional tillage (W1), straw returning plus conventional tillage (W2), notillage (W3), straw returning plus no-tillage (W4) in Wuxue and NP fertilizer (J1), NPK fertilizer (J2), straw returning plus NP fertilizer (J3), straw returning plus NPK fertilizer (J4) in Jingzhou on soil fertility were studied. The results showed that: (1) both in Wuxue and Jingzhou, the nutrient contents (total nitrogen, organic matter, alkaki-hydrolyzable N, available P and available K) of the topsoil (0~20 cm) were significantly higher compared with that of the subsoil (20~40 cm), straw returning and no-tillage could effectively improve the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in topsoil, and treatment W4 and J4 had the best effects, compared with treatment W1, treatment W4 increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen by 1.72%-37.55% and 2.09%-15.79%, respectively, and compared with treatment J1, treatment J4 increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen by 1.41%-21.90% and 5.83-16.83%, the content of soil organic matter was generally higher in rape season than that in rice season; (2) straw returning significantly improved the contents of soil available nutrients (alkaki- hydrolyzable N, available P and available K) in topsoil, especially the growth of available K content; (3) compared with treatment W1 and J1, treatment W2 and J3 reduced bulk density of topsoil (respectively reduced by 7.81% and 2.39%), increased soil total porosity (respectively increased by 4.75% and 1.14%) and capillary porosity (respectively increased by 3.77% and 9.40%). Consequently, straw returning could effectively increase the soil nutrient content, decrease the soil bulk density and increase the soil porosity, it had a positive effect on improving soil fertility.