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中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 11-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030089

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮量对滴灌冬小麦光合特性、产量及氮素利用效率的影响

薛丽华,赵连佳,陈兴武,孙诗仁,赛力汗,雷钧杰,张永强,张宏芝,赵奇   

  1. 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业大学农学院,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所,新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-14 修回日期:2018-03-15 接受日期:2017-05-25 出版日期:2018-04-10 发布日期:2018-04-10
  • 通讯作者: 赵奇
  • 基金资助:
    :新疆农业科学院青年基金项目“施氮量对滴灌冬小麦根系生长及氮肥利用效率的研究”(xjnkq-2015045);农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与 耕作重点实验室项目“水氮耦合对滴灌冬小麦根系及植株生长的影响”(25107020-201603)。

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Drip Irrigation

  • Received:2017-03-14 Revised:2018-03-15 Accepted:2017-05-25 Online:2018-04-10 Published:2018-04-10

摘要: 在田间研究了5 种施氮量N0 (0 kg/hm2)、N1 (90 kg/hm2)、N2 (180 kg/hm2)、N3 (270 kg/hm2)、N4(360 kg/hm2)处理对‘新冬18 号''旗叶光合特性、干物质积累、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明:拔节期增加施氮量,增加孕穗期旗叶的叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、光合速率、叶面积指数、春季总光合势。孕穗期施氮肥延缓旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、光合速率、叶面积指数的衰减;孕穗后均以N3、N4的旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量、光合速率、叶面积指数、春季总光合势较高,干物质积累量和产量也以N3、N4较高。随施氮量的增加干物质积累量和产量增加,氮肥利用效率降低。在本试验条件下增加施氮量使旗叶叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量、光合速率、叶面积指数增加及其功能期的延长是‘新冬18号’增产的主要原因。综合考虑施氮量在180~270 kg/hm2范围内,氮肥农学利用效率为6.9 kg/kg,可满足‘新冬18号’产量为8004.85 kg/hm2的需要。

关键词: 合作与联合, 合作与联合, 农民专业合作社, 湖南省, 启示

Abstract: Field experiments were conducted about the effect on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and nitrogen utilization of flag leaf of Xindong18, five nitrogen application rate treatments under drip irrigation, i.e., no nitrogen (N0), 90kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal (N1), 180kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing (N2), 270kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing and booting (N3), 360kg?ha-1 of nitrogen at basal and jointing and twice booting (N4). The result showed that they were increased on the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate, LAI, total photosynthetic potential in spring at booting when increased nitrogen application rate at jointing, however, increased nitrogen application rate at booting, which were extended the duration time for the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate and LAI, who were higher after booting on the chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate, LAI and total photosynthetic potential in spring of flag leaf of N3、N4 , and dry matter accumulation and yield of N3、N4were higher, increased the quantities of dry matter accumulation and yield, decreasing nitrogen use efficiency. The increased yield was mainly due to the nitrogen application and delayed the period lead to the rise for chlorophyll and soluble protein, photosynthetic rate and LAI. Therefore, in a comprehensive consideration optimal nitrogen application rates was 180-270kg.ha-1, and his agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of nitrogen was 6.9kg?kg-1, and obtain grain yield 8004.85kg.ha-1.