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中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (33): 32-37.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080065

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

可降解地膜覆盖对土壤水热及春玉米产量的影响

阎晓光,李洪,董红芬,李爱军,王国梁,杜艳伟   

  1. 山西省农科院谷子研究所,山西省农科院谷子研究所,山西省农科院谷子研究所,山西省农科院谷子研究所,山西省农科院谷子研究所,山西省农科院谷子研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-16 修回日期:2017-10-13 接受日期:2017-10-24 出版日期:2018-11-22 发布日期:2018-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 李洪
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设专项长治试验站(nycytx-02);山西省农业科学院生物育种工程(17y2g1020)。(nycytx-02)

Effect of Degradable Film on Soil Moisture and Temperature and Yield of Spring Corn

  • Received:2017-08-16 Revised:2017-10-13 Accepted:2017-10-24 Online:2018-11-22 Published:2018-11-22

摘要: 为探讨可降解地膜在晋东南地区玉米生产中的实际意义,从土壤保温性、土壤保水性、玉米生育进程与产量、田间降解等方面对3种地膜进行分析比较。结果显示:与不覆膜裸地相比,两种降解地膜能显著提高土壤温度和土壤水分,但效果稍逊于普通地膜,两种降解地膜之间差异不显著;地膜覆盖可显著加快玉米生育进程和增加玉米产量,降解地膜使生育期缩短4天,普通地膜使生育期缩短了9天,分别增产9.06%、9.72%、14.54%,普通地膜优于可降解地膜的促进效果,但普通地膜与降解地膜产量之间差异未达显著水平。在地膜降解方面,2种可降解地膜破裂启动期较为一致,发生于覆膜后约40~50天,可基本满足玉米苗期对温度、水分的需要; 覆膜 90~100天后可降解地膜从土壤表面基本消失。以上结果显示,供试的2种可降解地膜不仅具有显著的生物学效应和经济学效果,其降解特性也基本符合玉米生长对环境条件的要求,且较普通地膜既省工省时,并可降低环境污染,所以降解地膜替代普通地膜应用于晋东南玉米生产具有可行性。

关键词: 粮食安全, 粮食安全, 熵权法, 指标体系, 多元线性回归

Abstract: The aim is to discuss the actual role of degradable film in corn production in southeast Shanxi. Degradation speed, degradation strength, water storage and heat preservation of three types of films were investigated in the field, with different covering time. The results showed that compared with bare land, two degradable films significantly increased soil temperature and soil moisture, the effects were inferior to that of the common film. The difference was not significant between the two degradable films. The corn growth period of degradable films and common film reduced by 4 days and 9 days, respectively, and the production increased by 9.06%, 9.72% and 14.54%, respectively. The difference of yields between common film and degradable film was not significant. Degradation period of the two degradable films was consistent. The degradation started at 40-50 days after mulching, and the degradable film disappeared at 90-100 days after mulching. It indicated that the two degradable films had obvious both biological and economic effects. They not only met the environmental conditions of corn growth, but also saved labor and time and decreased the environmental pollution. Therefore, degradable film instead of common film has feasibility for corn production in southeast Shanxi.