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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 7-14.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120070

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾配施对超高产夏玉米养分吸收和产量性状的影响

陈 曦, 白倩倩, 史桂清, 肖 凯   

  1. 河北农业大学农学院/河北省作物生长调控重点试验室
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-15 修回日期:2019-03-14 接受日期:2018-03-23 出版日期:2019-04-03 发布日期:2019-04-03
  • 通讯作者: 肖 凯
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科技计划项目“河北平原小麦-玉米轮作区高效施肥技术集成与示范”(162276433G)；“十二五”国家粮食丰产科技工程“黄淮海北部 小麦玉米大面积高产高效技术集成与示范”(2013BAD07B05)。

Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium: Effects on Nutrients Acquisition and Yield Traits of Summer Maize with Super-high Yield Potential

  • Received:2017-12-15 Revised:2019-03-14 Accepted:2018-03-23 Online:2019-04-03 Published:2019-04-03

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摘要： 旨在深入研究氮磷钾均衡施肥和分别减施氮、磷和钾肥对河北平原超高产夏玉米养分吸收特性和产量性状的影响。本试验以‘郑单958’为材料，采用常规植株养分测试和产量性状分析方法，进行不同养分处理下植株各生育时期氮磷钾含量和成熟期产量测定。与不施肥空白对照(CK)相比，氮磷钾均衡施肥处理(T)和分别减施氮素处理(T-N)、磷素处理(T-P)及钾素处理(T-K)，显著增加各生育时期、生育阶段和全生育期的植株氮、磷和钾的积累量，提高吸收速率、产量、穗粒数和千粒重。T-N、T-P和T-K植株氮磷钾积累量、吸收速率和产量较处理T显著降低，其中以T-N减幅最大，T-P次之，T-K最小。各处理植株生育期间氮磷钾吸收速率呈单峰曲线，氮磷吸收高峰为大口—吐丝期，钾吸收高峰为拔节—大口期。不同处理每生产100 kg 籽粒吸收N为2.07 ~ 2.81 kg、P2O5为0.67~0.83 kg、K2O为2.21~2.52 kg，各施肥处理生产单位籽粒的氮、磷和钾量高于CK。本研究表明，适宜氮磷钾肥配施，具有改善生育期间植株养分积累、提高植株养分含量、增强植株干物质积累和产量形成的作用。

关键词: 气候, 气候, 气温变化, 线性倾向估计, 积温, 农业热量条件, 山东省

Abstract: To study the effects of balanced and combined application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and separate reduction of N, P, and K on nutrients acquisition and yield traits of super-high yield summer maize in Hebei,‘Zhengdan 958’is taken as the material, conventional plant nutrients test and yield traits analysis are conducted. The contents of N, P and K at different growth stages and the yield at mature stage are determined. Compared with CK, balanced application of N, P and K (T), and separate reduction of N (T-N), P (T-P), and K (T-K) increased the accumulation of N, P and K at various growth stages, growth phases and the whole growth stage, and also increased the absorption rate, yield spike numbers, and per-1000 grain weights. The accumulation of N, P and K, absorption rate and yield under T-N, T-P, and T-K treatments decreased obviously compared with the T treatment, the largest reduction was found in T- N, followed by T-P, and then in T-K. The uptake rates of N, P, and K of plants in various treatments displayed a curve with a single peak, the highest value of N and P was from ear formation to silk stage, and the highest value of K was from jointing stage to the ear formation stage. The amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O for per 100-kg grain of summer maize of all the treatments were 2.07-2.81 kg, 0.67-0.83 k, and 2.21-2.52 kg, respectively. Among the treatments, the N, P and K amounts used for producing per unit grain were higher than that of CK. The results suggest that the balanced combination of N, P, and K is benefit for the improvement of plant nutrients accumulation, plant biomass production, dry matter accumulation and yield formation in super high summer maize.