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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (23): 26-32.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040027

所属专题： 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

镉胁迫对小麦生长发育的影响

孟自力,贾斌,尹海燕,陈伟,朱 伟,闫向泉,朱 倩,倪雪峰   

  1. 河南省商丘市农林科学院国家农作物区域试验站;河南农业大学,河南省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,河南省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,河南农业大学,河南省商丘市农林科学院国家农作物区域试验站,河南省商丘市农林科学院国家农作物区域试验站,河南省商丘市农林科学院国家农作物区域试验站,河南省商丘市农林科学院国家农作物区域试验站
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-05 修回日期:2018-07-17 接受日期:2018-05-24 出版日期:2018-08-17 发布日期:2018-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 贾斌
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于链置换放大策略和临近表面杂交原理的电化学适配体传感器用于黄曲霉毒素B1 检测的研究”(21305031)； 河南省现代农业（小麦）产业技术体系项目“河南省现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目”(Z2010-01-08)；河南省科技攻关项目“小麦优异种质创育与 应用”(152102110029)。

Effects of Cadmium Stress on the Growth and Development of Wheat

  • Received:2018-04-05 Revised:2018-07-17 Accepted:2018-05-24 Online:2018-08-17 Published:2018-08-17

摘要： 为了探究小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长时期对镉胁迫的耐性及镉毒害机理,以商麦156为试材,采用不同浓度镉胁迫(0、0.04、0.4、0.8、1.2 mmol?L-1)的无土栽培试验,研究了镉胁迫对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、渗透调节物质及保护酶系统的影响。结果表明：低浓度镉(≤0.04 mmol?L-1)对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用不明显,而高浓度镉(≥0.4 mmol?L-1)对其有极显著(p<0.01)抑制作用,且在0.4-1.2 mmol?L-1范围内发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、株高、根长、地上部干鲜质量和地下部干鲜质量均随镉浓度的增加而降低。叶片可溶性糖含量呈先略微升高后降低的变化趋势,在0.04 mmol?L-1时最大,较对照提高6.99%。游离氨基酸、脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量三者变化规律类似,均随镉胁迫强度的增加而增加,至1.2 mmol?L-1时最大,分别为对照的2.61、5.20和7.99倍。镉浓度0.4mmol?L-1时,小麦叶片 SOD、POD和CAT活性最高,较对照分别提高49.32%、85.34%和40.59%,与对照差异极显著(p<0.01),继续增加Cd浓度其活性降低；而APX活性则在镉浓度0.04mmol?L-1时最高,然后随镉浓度增加呈下降趋势。

关键词: 生物富硒, 生物富硒, 酵母, 有机硒

Abstract: To explore the wheat tolerance to cadmium toxicity and mechanism of cadmium stress during wheat seed germination and seedling growth period, Shangmai 156 was used to evaluate the effects of cadmium stesss on seed germination, seedling growth, osmotic adjusting materials and protective enzyme system of wheat, using soilless cultivation tests of different concentrations of cadmium stress (0, 0.04, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 mmol?L-1).The results showed that the low concentration of cadmium (less than 0.04 mmol?L-1) was no obvious inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat, while high concentrations of cadmium (0.4 mmol?L-1) had significant inhibitory effects on above indicators, and within the scope of the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, vigor index, plant height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight and root fresh and dry weight decreased with the increase of cadmium concentration. The content of soluble sugar in leaves decreased at a slightly higher level, and was the largest at 0.04 mmol?L-1, and increased by 6.99% compared with the control. The change rule of free amino acids, protein and MDA content was similar. All of them increased with the increase of cadmium stress, and the maximum was 0.4 mmol?L-1 of cadmium, which was 2.61, 5.20 and 7.99 times of thecontrol, respectively. The activity of SOD, POD and CAT in wheat leaves was the highest when the concentration of cadmium was 0.4 mmol?L-1, which was increased by 49.32%, 85.34% and 40.59% compared with the control,and the difference was very significant (p<0.01) with the control (p<0.01); The activity of Cd decreased, while the concentration of Cd continues to increase. With concentration of Cd2+ 0.04 mmol.L-1, the APX acativity were heighest, and then decreased with increasing concentration of Cd2+.