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中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (28): 11-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050035

所属专题: 油料作物 园艺

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮肥用量对免耕山地油菜产量及其农艺性状的影响

杨进成1, 胡新洲1, 沈祥宏1, 李 祥1, 刘坚坚1, 施立安1, 黄彬彬2, 杨占忠3, 张云明4, 张玉荣1, 李红彦1, 安正云1   

  1. 1.玉溪市农业科学院;2.元江县农业技术推广站;3.易门县农业技术推广站;4.峨山县塔甸镇农科站
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-09 修回日期:2018-08-03 接受日期:2018-08-17 出版日期:2019-10-14 发布日期:2019-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 安正云
  • 基金资助:
    云南省创新人才培养计划“山地油菜避灾高效栽培技术研究与应用”(2011CI103);云南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“玉溪市田油菜 高产高效种植技术集成示范”(ynnycyjstx-5);玉溪市科技计划“玉溪市油菜育种重点实验室建设”(ZX200901)。

Nitrogen Amounts Affect Yield and Agronomic Traits of No-till Oilseed Rape in Plateau Areas

  • Received:2018-05-09 Revised:2018-08-03 Accepted:2018-08-17 Online:2019-10-14 Published:2019-10-14

摘要: 【目的】为综合评价并推荐免耕山地油菜最优的氮肥施用量在低纬高原山区推广应用,【方法】采用多元回归和模糊聚类等分析方法,对玉溪市2013—2015三年4个不同海拔试点10个氮肥用量的免耕山地油菜产量及其农艺性状进行对比分析。【结果】结果表明:(1)随着油菜苗期氮肥用量的增加,生育期、倒伏程度和白粉病发生有增加的趋势,而冻害程度和鸟害发生呈现下降的态势;(2)不同氮肥用量间油菜的主要农艺性状差异较大,单株有效角果数、角粒数和单株生产力随着氮肥用量的增加而增加,而增加千粒重和延长生育期有利于产量的提高;(3)不同氮肥用量间的产量都有不同程度的差异;【结论】综合分析丰产性和稳定性,低纬高原山区免耕山地油菜以苗期施用375~525kg/ hm2尿素为最优。

关键词: 砂引草, 砂引草, 植物分类, 生理生态, 应用价值

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to comprehensively evaluate and recommend the application of the dosage of nitrogen in no-till oilseed field in the low latitude plateau areas, 【Method】the no-till oilseed yield and agronomic characterizes of 10 different nitrogen usage in the 4 different latitude areas during 2013-2015 were compared by using multiple regression analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis. 【Results】The results showed that : (1) the trend of growing period, lodging and powdery mildew increased, and frozen as well as bird damage declined when the usage of nitrogen was increased in the oilseed seedling period; (2) the main characterizes significantly varied among the different dosage of nitrogen, number of effective silique per plant, seed per silique and plant productivity raised with the increasing dosage of nitrogen. Furthermore, the rising thousand-seed weight and prolonged growth period could improve the yield; (3) the yield varied to different degree among the different dosage of nitrogen. 【Conclusion】The optimum usage of nitrogen was 375-525kg/hm2 in the seedling period in the no-till oilseed fields in the low latitude plateau areas by considering high-yield and stability.

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