有机肥料的合理增施对土壤性质影响研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050152

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为深入了解有机肥料对土壤培肥的效应及对土壤的调控作用,[方法]综述了近年来有机肥料对土壤氮磷钾三种养分元素、容重和孔隙度、土壤微生物、土壤重金属方面的研究进展。[结果]其主要内容包括：合理施用有机肥料可以增加土壤中可矿化氮含量,促进不同形态的氮素转化；可提高土壤速效磷及有机磷含量,使有效钾和缓效钾的含量显著提高；有机肥料可以降低表层土壤容重,有效保持土壤的孔隙度；促进土壤微生物活动并提高其生物量；有选择的施用有机肥料还可以对土壤中的重金属起到固定和净化作用,反之施用不当也会导致重金属污染等。除此之外,还对有机肥料在土壤污染及修复方面的研究趋势提出了展望,[结论]以期在土壤中最大效益的施用有机肥料,进一步提高土壤肥料的利用率。

关键词: 甜菜, 甜菜, SSR-PCR, DNA提取, 品种鉴定

Abstract: To understand the effect of organic fertilizer on improving soil fertility and regulating soil, we reviewed the research progress of organic fertilizers on N, P and K nutrients, soil bulk density and porosity, soil microorganisms, and soil heavy metals in recent years. The main research content included that rational application of organic fertilizers could increase the content of mineralized nitrogen in soil and promote different forms of nitrogen transformation; the content of both available phosphorus and organic phosphorus in soil could be increased, and the contents of available potassium and slowly available potassium could be increased significantly. Organic fertilizers could reduce surface soil bulk density and effectively maintain soil porosity, promote soil microbial activity and increase its biomass. The selective application of organic fertilizer could fix and purify the heavy metals in soil, however, the improper application could lead to heavy metal pollution, etc. Besides, we discussed the research trends of organic fertilizers in soil pollution and remediation, aiming to maximize the efficiency of organic fertilizers application in soil and increase the utilization ratio of soil fertilizers.

张健男,谢洪宝,孙阎. 有机肥料的合理增施对土壤性质影响研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(27): 124-129.

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