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中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (36): 13-17.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070041

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西省中晚熟区玉米品种的评价体系研究

刘海, 李作一, 田森林   

  1. 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-10 修回日期:2018-07-30 接受日期:2018-08-13 出版日期:2018-12-24 发布日期:2018-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 田森林
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目“耐密型早熟玉米自交系创制及粒收新品种选育”(2017201703D221001-11)。

Evaluation System of Maize Varieties in Shanxi Mid-late Maturing Area

  • Received:2018-07-10 Revised:2018-07-30 Accepted:2018-08-13 Online:2018-12-24 Published:2018-12-24

摘要: 【研究目的】为山西中晚熟玉米种植区农户选择合适的种植玉米品种及辨别不同玉米品种提供科学数据支撑。【研究方法】采用7种当地主推品种进行随机区组设计,采用宽行密植栽培技术,收获后考种测量穗部性状及产量。【结果】研究结果表明(1)市场上推广的各品种的产量未达显著性差异水平,但各品种的百粒重、穗行数、轴粗、穗粗及穗长的差异性达到显著水平,说明参加试验的各品种的控制百粒重、穗行数、轴粗、穗粗及穗长的基因有差异。但其中有些品种之间的差异却未达显著水平,反映出有些品种中控制百粒重、穗行数、轴粗、穗粗及穗长的基因遗传背景有某种联系;(2)而各品种的某些性状在不同小区中表现差异较大,反映出该品种的这些性状在该地区的抗逆性较差;(3)评价品种时应综合考虑各指标,因此今后建立一套评价品种穗部性状的综合体系对指导今后育方向有重要意义。【结论】先玉335的综合性状在这些品种中为最优。且有些性状的表现反映出这些品种的遗传背景相近,说明我国玉米遗传资源狭窄,因此今后在玉米育种过程中应在遗传资源的拓展、抗逆性的提高及适应机械化收获等方面进一步进行深入研究探索。

关键词: 关 键 词:耕作方式, 关 键 词:耕作方式, 秸秆覆盖, 花生, 土壤理化性质, 产量

Abstract: To provide data for selecting suitable maize varieties and distinguishing different maize varieties in mid- late maturing areas in Shanxi, seven local main promoted varieties were used for randomized block design, wide row and close planting techniques were adopted, ear traits and yield were measured after harvest. The results showed that (1) the yield of the promoted varieties did not reach the significant different level, but the difference of 100-grain weight, number of spike rows, axis diameter, spike diameter and spike length reached the significant level; the genes controlling those traits were different; however, the differences among the varieties did not reach the significant level, reflecting that the genetic background had some relationship; (2) some traits of the varieties showed differences in plots, reflecting that the variety had poor stress resistance; (3) when evaluating the variety, the indicators should be considered comprehensively, so a set of evaluation system should be established in the future. The comprehensive characters of‘Xianyu 335’were the best among the varieties, and the performance of some traits reflected that the genetic backgrounds of these breeds were similar, indicating that the maize genetic resources in China were narrow. In the future, the research on maize breeding should be focus on exploring genetic resources, improving stress resistance and enhancing the adaptation to mechanized harvesting.

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