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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (35): 52-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090103

所属专题： 烟草种植与生产

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

深栽耦合培土对烤烟根系发育及原烟产、质量的影响

王军1,2,何孝兵3,刘兰1,2,张代斌3   

  1. 1.广东省烟草南雄科学研究所;2.重庆中烟工业有限责任公司
  • 收稿日期:2018-09-21 修回日期:2019-02-22 接受日期:2019-03-15 出版日期:2019-12-16 发布日期:2019-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 王 军
  • 基金资助:
    重庆中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“乌迳基地单元土壤保育综合技术示范推广”(201650000034256)。

Effect of Deep Transplant Combined with Hilling on Root Development, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

  • Received:2018-09-21 Revised:2019-02-22 Accepted:2019-03-15 Online:2019-12-16 Published:2019-12-16

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摘要： 为明确栽深与培土措施对烤烟大田生长发育及烟叶产、质量的影响，采用随机区组设计开展大田试验，调查大田烟株生育期、根系参数、农艺性状、物质积累及烟叶产质量并进行统计分析。结果表明，深栽耦合培土可延长大田烟株有效生育期，旺长期、成熟期分别延长9、23天；烟株株高、茎围、叶片数、最大叶长和宽分别增加3.20 cm、0.70 cm、2片、5.06 cm和3.17 cm，并显著地提高烟垄中不同土层根系的长度及生物量，增强烟株的吸收能力和地上部的同化能力；原烟的经济性状显著增加，产量、均价、产值及中上等烟比例分别增加357.71 kg/hm2、2.60元/kg、15774.75元/hm2和12.02个百分点；原烟总糖和还原糖含量下降，烟碱和钾离子含量增加，糖/碱不同程度降低，原烟的化学成分趋于协调，感官质量得到改善，风格特色得到彰显。栽深15 cm结合培土5 cm措施可优化大田烟株根系生长发育环境，促进根系发育，烟株吸收和同化积累能力增强，延长有效生育期，增加烟叶的产量，改善烟叶的品质。

Abstract: This paper aims to clarify the effect of transplanting depth and hilling measures on the growth and development of tobacco in filed, the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are also discussed. Field experiments were carried out using the random group design to investigate and analyze the growth period, root parameters, agronomic characters, material accumulation of tobacco plants in the field, output and quality of tobacco leaf were also statistically analyzed. The results showed that the effective growth period of tobacco plants in the field could be prolonged by deep transplant combined with hilling, the vigorous growth period and maturity period of tobacco plants in the field could be extended by 9 and 23 d respectively. The plant height, stem circumference, leaf number, maximum leaf length and width of the tobacco plant increased by 3.20 cm, 0.70 cm, 2 pieces, 5.06 cm and 3.17 cm respectively, and significantly increased the length and biomass of root in different soil layers. It could also enhance the absorption capacity of tobacco plants and the assimilation capacity of aboveground areas. The economic characters of flue-cured tobacco increased significantly, and the yield, average price, production value and the proportion of medium and high grade tobacco increased by 357.71 kg/hm2, 2.60 yuan/kg, 15774.75yuan/hm2 and 12.02 percentage points respectively. Total sugar and reducing sugar content in tobacco leaves dropped, nicotine and potassium ion content increased at the same time, but sugar/nicotine reduced to a varying extent. The chemical comprehensive composition of tobacco leaves tended to harmonize, the sensory quality was improved and the style characteristics were highlighted. Transplanting depth of 15 cm in combination with ridging 5 cm measures can optimize the environment of root growth and development of tobacco plant in open field, promote root development, enhance the ability to absorb and assimilate accumulation of tobacco plant, extend the effective growth period, increase yield and improve quality of tobacco leaf.

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