北京市藜麦温室栽培试验初报

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索温室藜麦蔬菜的栽培方法,以北京收获的藜麦籽粒为试验材料,从藜麦蔬菜生长动态监测、播种量与播种方式比较、肥效对比、机械播种量筛选、藜麦叶片与籽粒及其他蔬菜的营养成分比较等方面进行报道,旨在为生产提供技术参考。结果表明,藜麦蔬菜是一种富含蛋白质、膳食纤维、钾、镁,低钠的健康蔬菜,从播种至采收需要≥10℃积温933.24℃。为便于机械化生产和保证群体整齐度,建议选择条播方式,播种量22.5~24 kg/hm ²,产量可达15143.55~15442.95 kg/hm ²。施用羊粪、鸡粪和不施肥比较,以施用羊粪产量较好,可食用部分产量15722.10 kg/hm ²。

关键词: 藜麦, 播种方式, 播种量, 肥效, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the cultivation methods of quinoa vegetables in greenhouse, quinoa seeds harvested in Beijing were used as experimental materials. The dynamic monitoring of quinoa vegetable growth, the comparison of sowing amount and sowing method, the influence of fertilizer on quinoa, the optimal suitable mechanical sowing amount of quinoa, and the comparison of quinoa leaves and grains and other vegetables in nutritional composition were reported to provide a technical reference for the cultivation of quinoa vegetables. The results show that quinoa is a healthy vegetable which is rich in protein, dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, and low in sodium. From sowing to harvesting, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature is 933.24℃. To facilitate mechanized production and ensure the neat of the group, it is better to choose drill sowing. When the sowing amount was 22.5-24 kg/hm ², the yield could reach 15143.55-15442.95 kg/hm ². Compared with the application of chicken dung and non-fertilization, the yield of quinoa under sheep dung is better, and the yield of edible part is 15722.10 kg/hm ².

Key words: Chenopodium quinoa, sowing methods, sowing amount, fertilizer efficiency, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S513

梅丽, 周继华, 王俊英. 北京市藜麦温室栽培试验初报[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(10): 53-59.

Li Mei, Jihua Zhou, Junying Wang. Preliminary Test Report on Cultivation of Chenopodium quinoa in Beijing Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(10): 53-59.

图/表 10

参考文献 26

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调查日期	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	≥10℃有效积温/℃
2月10日	2.00	0.05	2	1.8	0.4	201.15
2月17日	5.82	0.12	4~6	2.3	1.1	392.76
2月24日	9.05	0.20	8~12	2.6	1.9	590.25
3月3日	20.50	0.32	12~14	3.7	3.4	757.32
3月10日	33.10	0.51	14~16	5.8	5.1	933.24
调查日期	平均光照强度/lx	平均空气温度/℃	平均土壤温度/℃	平均空气湿度/%	平均土壤水分/%
2月10日	2781.32	25.46	25.70	69.61	7.35
2月17日	2679.17	24.83	25.18	70.64	7.70
2月24日	3048.68	24.88	25.38	68.52	8.66
3月3日	2590.11	23.98	24.43	60.48	5.37
3月10日	2188.35	23.67	24.06	54.72	2.93

调查日期	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	叶片数	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	≥10℃有效积温/℃
2月10日	2.00	0.05	2	1.8	0.4	201.15
2月17日	5.82	0.12	4~6	2.3	1.1	392.76
2月24日	9.05	0.20	8~12	2.6	1.9	590.25
3月3日	20.50	0.32	12~14	3.7	3.4	757.32
3月10日	33.10	0.51	14~16	5.8	5.1	933.24
调查日期	平均光照强度/lx	平均空气温度/℃	平均土壤温度/℃	平均空气湿度/%	平均土壤水分/%
2月10日	2781.32	25.46	25.70	69.61	7.35
2月17日	2679.17	24.83	25.18	70.64	7.70
2月24日	3048.68	24.88	25.38	68.52	8.66
3月3日	2590.11	23.98	24.43	60.48	5.37
3月10日	2188.35	23.67	24.06	54.72	2.93

播种方式	播种量/(kg/hm²)	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	展开度/cm	最大节间长/cm	叶片数	死苗率/%
撒播	15	30.35	0.52	5.47	4.77	10.33	6.28	15.3	0.6
	22.5	35.47	0.55	6.20	4.87	9.83	7.49	14.7	2.8
	30	34.80	0.45	6.27	5.43	10.50	5.41	15.3	9.6
	37.5	34.80	0.45	5.87	5.20	9.67	8.81	15.3	12.8
	45	31.67	0.49	5.80	5.33	8.97	5.19	14	15.9
条播	15	27.87	0.50	5.90	5.57	8.77	3.99	16	3.6
	22.5	29.80	0.46	5.97	5.00	10.50	4.99	15.3	13.6
	30	29.93	0.50	5.77	5.13	9.67	4.83	16.7	18.8
	37.5	30.40	0.45	5.63	4.97	9.00	5.22	14	30.6
	45	28.03	0.53	5.50	4.90	9.33	4.41	14.7	39.9

播种方式	播种量/(kg/hm²)	株高/cm	茎粗/cm	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	展开度/cm	最大节间长/cm	叶片数	死苗率/%
撒播	15	30.35	0.52	5.47	4.77	10.33	6.28	15.3	0.6
	22.5	35.47	0.55	6.20	4.87	9.83	7.49	14.7	2.8
	30	34.80	0.45	6.27	5.43	10.50	5.41	15.3	9.6
	37.5	34.80	0.45	5.87	5.20	9.67	8.81	15.3	12.8
	45	31.67	0.49	5.80	5.33	8.97	5.19	14	15.9
条播	15	27.87	0.50	5.90	5.57	8.77	3.99	16	3.6
	22.5	29.80	0.46	5.97	5.00	10.50	4.99	15.3	13.6
	30	29.93	0.50	5.77	5.13	9.67	4.83	16.7	18.8
	37.5	30.40	0.45	5.63	4.97	9.00	5.22	14	30.6
	45	28.03	0.53	5.50	4.90	9.33	4.41	14.7	39.9

播种方式	播种量	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均
撒播	15	14286.45	15919.20	13878.30	14694.60
	22.5	14694.60	20205.15	16796.70	17232.15
	30	21225.60	24695.10	18776.40	21565.65
	37.5	26123.55	20613.30	24082.80	23606.55
	45	20409.15	20205.15	21429.60	20681.25
条播	15	13980.30	12755.70	12878.25	13204.80
	22.5	16327.35	16225.35	13776.15	15442.95
	30	17653.95	12245.55	13266.00	14388.45
	37.5	14137.50	15204.90	12449.55	13930.65
	45	15102.75	13538.10	12857.85	13832.85