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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (18): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030042

所属专题: 生物技术 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

节水灌溉与常规灌溉对旱直播水稻叶片生理特性、产量及品质的影响

殷春渊, 王书玉(), 刘贺梅, 孙建权, 胡秀明, 王和乐, 田芳慧, 马朝阳, 张栩, 张瑞平, 马晓红   

  1. 新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡 453002
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-11 修回日期:2019-04-23 出版日期:2020-06-25 发布日期:2020-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 王书玉
  • 作者简介:殷春渊,女,1978年出生,河南汝南人,副研究员,博士,主要从事水稻栽培生理研究。通信地址:453002 河南省新乡市新二街518号,Tel:17637302261,E-mail: yinyuan923@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目“沿黄水稻精确定量机械化直播种植技术研究与示范”(172102110170);河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目“水稻遗传育种及种质创制”(S2012-04-G01);河南省重大科技专项子课题“优质高产高效粳稻新品种选育”(171100110300-3)

Effects on Leaf Physiological Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Dry Seeding Rice: Water-saving Irrigation and Conventional Irrigation

Yin Chunyuan, Wang Shuyu(), Liu Hemei, Sun Jianquan, Hu Xiuming, Wang Hele, Tian Fanghui, Ma Chaoyang, Zhang Xu, Zhang Ruiping, Ma Xiaohong   

  1. Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang Henan 453002
  • Received:2019-03-11 Revised:2019-04-23 Online:2020-06-25 Published:2020-07-10
  • Contact: Wang Shuyu

摘要:

为研究不同灌溉方式对直播稻产量和品质的影响。以3个水稻品种为试验材料,在大田旱直播栽培模式下,设置常规灌溉和节水灌溉2种灌溉方式,分析测定直播稻的叶片光合、稻谷产量和品质等指标。结果表明,相对于常规灌溉,节水灌溉处理剑叶叶绿素含量和叶片含水率分别下降3.66%和4.37%,灌浆中后期剑叶光合速率和水稻产量分别提高5.78%和5.69%。对稻米品质的影响因不同品种表现不同,对于‘新稻567’和‘新稻568’两品种,节水灌溉处理稻米加工和食味品质分别下降了6.21%和3.84%,垩白粒率和垩白度分别增加了18.9%和5.37%;对于‘新科稻31’,节水灌溉处理稻米的加工品质提高了3.4%,垩白粒率和垩白度分别下降了19.59%和27.84%。相关分析表明,叶片含水率与光合速率呈正相关,产量和品质与光合速率的关系因不同灌浆时段而异。提高灌浆中后期光合速率,可以提高水稻产量和稻米的加工品质,但稻米外观和食味品质有所下降。综上表明,通过节水灌溉可以提高水稻产量,但在米质调控上因品种而异。因种设定不同的土壤水势灌溉标准,对发展节水型直播稻生产和提高稻田水分利用效率具有重要意义。

关键词: 水稻, 旱直播, 节水灌溉, 常规灌溉, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To study the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and quality of direct seeding rice, three rice cultivars were used as test materials under dry direct seeding field cultivation mode. Two methods of conventional and water-saving irrigation were set up. The indexes of direct seeding rice leaf photosynthesis, grain yield, quality and so on were analyzed. The results showed that compared with conventional irrigation, the water-saving irrigation decreased the chlorophyll content and water content of flag leaf by 3.66% and 4.37%, increased the photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and rice yield at the middle and late stage of grain filling by 5.78% and 5.69%. The effect of different irrigation modes on rice quality was varied among the cultivars. For ‘Xindao567’and ‘Xindao568’, water-saving irrigation reduced the quality of rice processing and taste by 6.21% and 3.84% respectively, increased the chalky grain rate and chalkiness by 18.9% and 5.37% respectively. For ‘Xinkedao31’, water-saving irrigation increased the quality of rice processing by 3.4%, decreased the chalky grain rate and chalkiness by 19.59% and 27.84% respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the relationship between leaf moisture content and photosynthetic rate was positive, the relationship among yield, quality and photosynthetic rate varied with different grain-filling periods. The yield and processing quality of rice could be improved, but the appearance and taste quality of rice decreased as the photosynthetic rate of the middle and late grain filling stage increasing. In conclusion, rice yield could be increased by water-saving irrigation, but the rice quality regulation varied by cultivars. Setting different soil irrigation water potential standards according to cultivar is of significance to the development of water-saving direct seeding rice production and the improvement of water use efficiency in rice field.

Key words: rice, dry direct seeding, water saving irrigation, conventional irrigation, yield, quality

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