EM菌在水产养殖中的应用概述

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040031

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 142-148.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19040031

所属专题：水产渔业

EM菌在水产养殖中的应用概述

邓茹¹^,², 孟顺龙¹^,²(), 陈家长¹^,²(), 陈春光³

¹水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心（上海海洋大学）/农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室（上海海洋大学）/农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心（上海海洋大学）,上海 201306
²中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/农业农村部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室（无锡）/中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境和资源重点开放实验室,江苏无锡 214081
³江苏恒泰环保科技发展有限公司,江苏无锡 214124

收稿日期:2019-04-10 修回日期:2019-10-11 出版日期:2020-04-15 发布日期:2020-04-28
通讯作者: 孟顺龙,陈家长
作者简介:邓茹,女,1995年出生,四川绵阳人,在读硕士,研究方向:渔业生态环境监测与保护。通信地址:214081 江苏省无锡市滨湖区山水东路9号中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,Tel:0510-85559936,E-mail: 562656361@qq.com
基金资助:
农业农村部财政专项资金“白洋淀水生生物资源环境调查及渔业生态修复示范工程”

Application of EM Bacteria in Aquaculture

Deng Ru¹^,², Meng Shunlong¹^,²(), Chen Jiazhang¹^,²(), Chen Chunguang³

¹National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University)/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai Ocean University)/Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306
²Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Open Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Resources of Inland Fisheries, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi Jiangsu 214081;
³Jiangsu Hengtai Environmental Protection Technology Development Co., LTD., Wuxi Jiangsu 214124;

Received:2019-04-10 Revised:2019-10-11 Online:2020-04-15 Published:2020-04-28
Contact: Meng Shunlong,Chen Jiazhang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了能改善水质、渔业增殖和修复生态环境,EM菌的应用得到了广泛的关注,成为近几年研究的热点。鉴于此,本研究系统梳理了EM菌的定义及来源,综述了国内外近几十年EM菌在水产养殖中的作用效果及其作用机理,阐述了影响EM菌作用效果的因素等;发现EM菌在调控微生物生态结构、降低水环境中有害物质、提高免疫、增重增产等方面有着显著的效果,但EM菌技术的基础理论研究还比较薄弱,且生产技术及应用过程等还存在着不足。因此今后应提高生产技术,建立和提高筛选系统,并开发EM菌在水产养殖研究和应用的新领域,为水产养殖创造更大的经济价值,并为可持续养殖提供可能。

关键词: EM菌, 水产养殖, 水生环境, 微生物菌群, 作用机理, 增殖

Abstract:

To improve the water quality, the fishery multiplication and the restoration of ecological environment, the application of EM bacteria has attracted extensive attention and become a research hotspot in recent years. This study systematically reviewed the definition and source of EM bacteria, the effect and mechanism of EM bacteria in aquaculture in recent decades, and elaborated the factors affecting the effect of EM bacteria. It is found that: EM bacteria have significant effects on regulating microbial ecological structure, reducing harmful substances in water environment, improving immunity, gaining weight and increasing yield; however, the basic theoretical research of EM bacteria technology is still relatively weak, and there are still deficiencies in the production technology and application process. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to improve production technology, establish and improve screening system, and develop new fields of research and application of EM bacteria in aquaculture, so as to create greater economic value for aquaculture and provide the possibility for sustainable aquaculture.

Key words: EM bacteria, aquaculture, aquatic environment, microflora, action mechanism, multiplication

中图分类号:

S917.1

邓茹, 孟顺龙, 陈家长, 陈春光. EM菌在水产养殖中的应用概述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(11): 142-148.

Deng Ru, Meng Shunlong, Chen Jiazhang, Chen Chunguang. Application of EM Bacteria in Aquaculture[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(11): 142-148.

图/表 5

参考文献 52

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研究对象	水质调控参数	参考文献
青虾	总磷和溶解氧增加,氨氮值下降	李跃华等(2009)^[21]
凡纳滨对虾	异样细菌数和甲烷浓度提高	Enox等(2013)^[20]
橄榄比目鱼	氨浓度下降,成活率上升	Ji等(2013)^23]
扇贝	提高循环水水质量,存活率和生长率上升	Fernando等(2017)^[24]

研究对象	水质调控参数	参考文献
青虾	总磷和溶解氧增加,氨氮值下降	李跃华等(2009)^[21]
凡纳滨对虾	异样细菌数和甲烷浓度提高	Enox等(2013)^[20]
橄榄比目鱼	氨浓度下降,成活率上升	Ji等(2013)^23]
扇贝	提高循环水水质量,存活率和生长率上升	Fernando等(2017)^[24]

研究对象	研究进展	参考文献
罗非鱼	提高淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性,增强了饲料利用率,降低了饵料系数	牟洪生等(2010)^[29]
大西洋鲑	促生长作用不显著	Gildberg 等(1995)^[30]
罗非鱼	显著提高生长性能,显著提高生长性能	Apun-Molina等(2009)^[31]
梭鲈鱼	促进幼鱼蛋白质消化和骨骼发育	Uros等(2017)^[32]

研究对象	研究进展	参考文献
罗非鱼	提高淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性,增强了饲料利用率,降低了饵料系数	牟洪生等(2010)^[29]
大西洋鲑	促生长作用不显著	Gildberg 等(1995)^[30]
罗非鱼	显著提高生长性能,显著提高生长性能	Apun-Molina等(2009)^[31]
梭鲈鱼	促进幼鱼蛋白质消化和骨骼发育	Uros等(2017)^[32]

研究对象	研究进展	参考文献
巴西苏鲁宾	改善肠道健康和血液免疫学参数	Jesus等(2017)^[35]
罗非鱼	肠道菌群改变,肠道黏附活菌数明显增强,肠道细胞因子表达也显著提高	He等(2013)^[36]
虹鳟	成活率显著提高,呼吸爆发、血清溶菌酶活性均显著提高	Newaj-Fyzul等(2007)^[37]
斑节对虾	血细胞数量、抗菌活力及血清酚氧化酶活性提高,并提高了攻毒后的成活率	Rengpipat等(2000)^[38]

EM菌在水产养殖中的应用概述

Application of EM Bacteria in Aquaculture

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研究对象	研究进展	参考文献
罗非鱼	提高全鱼粗蛋白和灰分含量	Abdel-Tawwab等(2008)^[42]
印度野鲮鱼	提高体粗蛋白和体灰分含量的趋势	Ghosh等(2008)^[43]
罗非鱼	有益菌群增多,有害菌群减少	刘慧玲等(2009)^[44]
鲤鱼	乳杆菌和双歧杆菌数量减少,形态不整	桂远明等(1992)^[45]

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