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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (30): 19-27.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191000771

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对玉米光合特性及产量的影响

高永刚1,2(), 高明3, 赵慧颖1,2, 刘丹1,2, 杨晓强1,2, 张志国1,2   

  1. 1黑龙江省气象科学研究所,哈尔滨 150030
    2中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,哈尔滨 150030
    3黑龙江省气象局,哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-30 修回日期:2019-11-13 出版日期:2020-10-25 发布日期:2020-10-16
  • 作者简介:高永刚,男,1967年出生,黑龙江汤原人,正研级高工,硕士,主要从事应用气象和气候变化研究。通信地址:150030 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区电碳路71号 黑龙江省气象科学研究所,Tel:0451-55110759,E-mail: gaoyg200210@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金(stqx201701)

Sowing Date and Yield of Maize: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics

Gao Yonggang1,2(), Gao Ming3, Zhao Huiying1,2, Liu Dan1,2, Yang Xiaoqiang1,2, Zhang Zhiguo1,2   

  1. 1Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Science, Harbin 150030
    2Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast, China Meteorological Administration, Harbin 150030
    3Heilongjiang Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Harbin 150001
  • Received:2019-10-30 Revised:2019-11-13 Online:2020-10-25 Published:2020-10-16

摘要:

弄清播期对玉米光合特性及产量的影响可指导玉米高产栽培。以中熟型玉米‘科育15’为试材,采用分期播期试验,利用数理统计方法,分析了相关数据。不同播期玉米叶片的光合特性差异显著,随着播期推迟叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素含量、水分利用效率(WUE)先增加后降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)变化相反,气孔导度(Gs)无明显变化规律。PnTrWUETaPAR存在极显著的正相关,与Ci存在极显著的负相关,气温、光合有效辐射和土壤水分是影响玉米叶片净光合速率的主要气象因素;叶片光合参数间通过相互影响、协同作用影响玉米的生长和产量。适期播种可充分利用光、温、水等气候资源,促进光合效率、干物质积累及转化,显著增加产量。

关键词: 播期, 玉米, 光合特性, 产量, 影响

Abstract:

The paper aims to understand the effects of sowing date on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize and to guide the high-yield cultivation of maize. The sowing date test by stages was carried out with the medium ripening maize ‘Keyu15’, and the related data were analyzed with mathematical statistics methods. The results showed that, photosynthetic characteristics of maize leaves from different sowing dates were significantly different, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), chlorophyll content and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased first and then declined along with the sowing date delaying. While the concentration of CO2 (Ci) had an opposite change, and stomatal conductivity (Gs) had no obvious change law. Pn had extremely significant positive correlation with Tr, WUE, Ta, PAR, and had extremely significant negative correlation with Ci. It was illustrated that the main meteorological factors affecting net photosynthetic rate of maize leaves were the air temperature, photosynthetic active radiation and soil moisture. The growth status and yield of maize were affected by the interaction and synergy between photosynthetic parameters of maize leaves. Suitable sowing date can make full use of climate resources, such as solar radiation, air temperature and water, and can improve photosynthetic efficiency and matter accumulation and transformation, and increase production significantly.

Key words: sowing date, maize, photosynthetic characteristics, yield, effect

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