牛磺酸对克氏原螯虾生长性能、非特异性免疫以及肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100872

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨牛磺酸对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长性能、非特异性免疫以及肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响。以300只初始体重为(4.50±0.50) g的克氏原螯虾为对象,随机分成5组,分别投喂5种不同牛磺酸含量的等氮等能饲料,投喂4周后,测定各组生长指标、血液和肝胰脏的生化指标。实验结果表明,200、300 mg/kg组克氏原螯虾的增重率、出肉率,血清总蛋白(TP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)以及肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,均高于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);200、300 mg/kg组克氏原螯虾的血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性均低于对照组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中300 mg/kg组克氏原螯虾的成活率和肝胰脏谷胱甘肽(GSH-Px)的活性高于对照组,饵料系数低于对照组,均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);而肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)的含量在各组间差异不具有统计学意义。因此,在饲料中添加200~300 mg/kg的牛磺酸可以促进克氏原螯虾的生长,提高虾体的非特异性免疫力和肝胰脏抗氧化能力,增强虾体的抗病力。

关键词: 克氏原螯虾, 牛磺酸, 生长性能, 免疫, 抗氧化

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate the effect of taurine on the growth performance, non-specific immunity and antioxidative competence of Procambarus clarkii. 300 juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii with initial body weight of (4.50±0.50) g were selected and randomly divided into five groups. The five groups were fed with five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with different taurine contents respectively. After feeding for 4 weeks, we investigated the growth performance, biochemical parameters of blood and liver. In 200 and 300 mg/kg treatment groups, some indices were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), such as the weight gain, dressing percentage, the levels of total protein (TP), lysozyme (LSZ), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver. In 200 and 300 mg/kg treatment groups, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were lower than those of the control group (P <0.05), which had the statistical difference. In 300 mg/kg treatment group, the activities of GSH-Px and survival rates were significantly higher than those of the control group (P <0.05), feed coefficient was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) among the five groups. Therefore, the diet supplemented with 200-300 mg/kg taurine could promote the growth of Procambarus clarkii, improve the non-specific immunity and antioxidative competence, and enhance its disease resistance.

Key words: Procambarus clarkii, taurine, growth performance, immunity, antioxidative

中图分类号:

S963.73

孔圣超, 萧培珍, 朱志强, 王双. 牛磺酸对克氏原螯虾生长性能、非特异性免疫以及肝胰脏抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(11): 136-141.

Kong Shengchao, Xiao Peizhen, Zhu Zhiqiang, Wang Shuang. Taurine Affecting Growth Performance, Non-specific Immunity and Antioxidative Competence of Procambarus clarkii[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(11): 136-141.

图/表 4

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原料	0 mg/kg组	100 mg/kg组	200 mg/kg组	300 mg/kg组	400 mg/kg组
超级蒸汽鱼粉	2	2	2	2	2
豆粕	30	30	30	30	30
菜粕	33	33	33	33	33
白酒渣	2	2	2	2	2
面粉	13	13	13	13	13
油糠	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
鱿鱼膏	4	4	4	4	4
磷脂油	2	2	2	2	2
豆油	2	2	2	2	2
磷酸二氢钙	2	2	2	2	2
膨润土	2	2	2	2	2
海藻酸钠	2	2	2	2	2
牛磺酸	0	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04
谷氨酸	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0
VC酯(35%型)	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
防霉剂	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
小龙虾复合预混料	1	1	1	1	1
总计	100	100	100	100	100
粗蛋白质/%	30.2	30.2	30.2	30.2	30.2
总脂肪/%	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
赖氨酸/%	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
灰分/%	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
水分/%	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8

原料	0 mg/kg组	100 mg/kg组	200 mg/kg组	300 mg/kg组	400 mg/kg组
超级蒸汽鱼粉	2	2	2	2	2
豆粕	30	30	30	30	30
菜粕	33	33	33	33	33
白酒渣	2	2	2	2	2
面粉	13	13	13	13	13
油糠	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8
鱿鱼膏	4	4	4	4	4
磷脂油	2	2	2	2	2
豆油	2	2	2	2	2
磷酸二氢钙	2	2	2	2	2
膨润土	2	2	2	2	2
海藻酸钠	2	2	2	2	2
牛磺酸	0	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.04
谷氨酸	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01	0
VC酯(35%型)	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
防霉剂	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
小龙虾复合预混料	1	1	1	1	1
总计	100	100	100	100	100
粗蛋白质/%	30.2	30.2	30.2	30.2	30.2
总脂肪/%	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.1
赖氨酸/%	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
灰分/%	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4	9.4
水分/%	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8	8.8

牛磺酸添加量/(mg/kg)	终末体质量/g	增重率/%	成活率/%	出肉率/%	饵料系数
0	30.65±1.53^b	581.23±28.7^b	78.33±4.83^b	8.92±0.71^b	2.12±0.13^a
100	32.71±2.03^ab	626.43±19.1^ab	85.00±4.87^ab	9.13±1.21^b	2.07±0.21^a
200	35.81±1.87^a	681.07±31.7^a	88.33±3.31^ab	10.55±2.07^a	1.91±0.11^ab
300	38.97±2.15^a	766.36±32.2^a	96.67±2.07^a	11.27±1.98^a	1.65±0.23^b
400	30.97±1.98^b	588.12±20.7^b	83.33±5.54^b	9.10±2.13^b	2.08±0.18^a

牛磺酸添加量/(mg/kg)	终末体质量/g	增重率/%	成活率/%	出肉率/%	饵料系数
0	30.65±1.53^b	581.23±28.7^b	78.33±4.83^b	8.92±0.71^b	2.12±0.13^a
100	32.71±2.03^ab	626.43±19.1^ab	85.00±4.87^ab	9.13±1.21^b	2.07±0.21^a
200	35.81±1.87^a	681.07±31.7^a	88.33±3.31^ab	10.55±2.07^a	1.91±0.11^ab
300	38.97±2.15^a	766.36±32.2^a	96.67±2.07^a	11.27±1.98^a	1.65±0.23^b
400	30.97±1.98^b	588.12±20.7^b	83.33±5.54^b	9.10±2.13^b	2.08±0.18^a

牛磺酸添加量/(mg/kg)	溶菌酶/(U/mL)	总蛋白/(g/L)	谷丙转氨酶/(U/L)	谷草转氨酶/(U/L)
0	2.12±0.12^b	109.56±4.23^b	15.65±1.21^a	18.32±0.54^a
100	2.18±0.11^b	113.43±5.12^b	14.23±1.13^a	16.67±0.66^a
200	3.12±0.22^a	125.26±4.34^a	9.45±0.78^b	8.43±0.87^b
300	3.45±0.28^a	130.14±3.21^a	7.45±0.98^b	7.34±0.65^b
400	2.68±0.15^ab	110.43±2.31^b	14.21±1.12^a	16.23±0.87^a