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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (33): 38-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191200926

所属专题： 油料作物

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

春大豆鼓粒期冠层翻叶原因及翻叶对叶片净光合速率和粒重的影响

王聪1(), 赵连佳2, 张建勋1, 章建新1()   

  1. 1新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    2新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-09 修回日期:2020-01-13 出版日期:2020-11-25 发布日期:2020-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 章建新
  • 作者简介:王聪,男,1989年出生,四川人,博士研究生,研究方向：作物高产生理。通信地址：830052 新疆乌鲁木齐市农大东路311号 新疆农业大学农学院,Tel：0991-8762261,E-mail： 1317670442@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“大豆群体冠层翻叶生理效应及其对花荚形成的影响”(31660367)

Canopy Leaf Turning of Spring Soybean at Seed-filling Stage: Reasons and Effects on Net Photosynthetic Rate and Grain Weight

Wang Cong1(), Zhao Lianjia2, Zhang Jianxun1, Zhang Jianxin1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052
    2Research Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052
  • Received:2019-12-09 Revised:2020-01-13 Online:2020-11-25 Published:2020-11-18
  • Contact: Zhang Jianxin

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摘要：

为明确春大豆鼓粒期冠层翻叶原因及翻叶对粒重的影响。在大田条件下,以28份大豆品种为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究了鼓粒初期植株顶部4片叶的单叶面积、比叶重、叶型指数、叶片含水量与翻叶率的关系;比较了翻叶与对照叶片的净光合速率、百粒重及粒重的差异。结果表明,不同大豆品种间翻叶率在0~26.5%之间,且差异显著,其中以‘中黄313’、‘中黄42’和‘中黄13’最高;单叶面积在46~151 cm2之间,其中以‘中黄39’、‘中黄42’和‘中黄13’最大;比叶重在0.536~1.64 mg/cm2之间,其中以‘中黄322’、‘中黄313’和‘中黄13’最低;叶型指数在1.35~3.51之间,其中以‘中黄70’、‘中黄80’和‘中黄42’最低。供试大豆品种分为3个类群,第I类群品种单叶面积小,比叶重高,叶型指数大,翻叶率为1.03%;第III类群品种单叶面积大,比叶重小,翻叶率高达19.7%;第II类群共4个品种,单叶面积、比叶重、叶型指数、翻叶率介于第I类和第III类群之间。翻叶后显著降低叶片净光合速率,平均降幅31.7%,粒数较多的‘新大豆27号’百粒重降低10.38%~22.4%,而粒数少的‘吉育60’粒重没有降低。大豆上层叶片单叶面积大、比叶重小及叶型指数低的叶片翻叶率高,翻叶降低叶片净光合速率,进而降低同节位百粒重及单节粒重,不利于大豆高产。

关键词: 大豆, 叶片翻转, 叶面积, 净光合速率, 粒重

Abstract:

The purpose is to determine the causes of canopy leaf turning and the effect on grain weight. 28 soybean cultivars were used as materials in the field experiment. The relationship between leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf shape index, water content and the rate of canopy leaf turning of the top 4 leaves at the early seed-filling stage was studied by random block design. The differences between leaf turning and the net photosynthetic rate, 100-grain weight and grain weights were compared. The results showed that the rate of canopy leaf turning of different soybean varieties was 0-26.5%, which was significant, and the rate of canopy leaf turning of ‘zhonghuang 31’, ‘zhonghuang 42’ and ‘zhonghuang 13’ were the highest. The area of single leaf was 46-151 cm2, and that of ‘zhonghuang39’, ‘zhonghuang 42’ and ‘zhonghuang 13’ were the largest. Specific leaf weight was 0.536-1.64 mg/cm2, among which, that of ‘zhonghuang 322’, ‘zhonghuang 313’and ‘zhonghuang 13’ were the lowest. The leaf shape index was 1.35-3.51, among which, that of ‘zhonghuang 70’, ‘zhonghuang 80’ and ‘zhonghuang 42’ were the lowest. The tested soybean varieties were divided into three groups. Group I had smaller single leaf area, higher leaf weight and larger leaf shape index, and the rate of leaf turning was 1.03%. Group III varieties had larger single leaf area and smaller leaf weight, and the rate of leaf turning was up to 19.7%. There were four species in group II, with leaf area, specific leaf weight, leaf shape index and the rate of leaf turning all between those of group I and group III. After leaf turning, the net photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced, with an average decrease of 31.7%. The 100-grain weight of ‘Xindadou27’ with more grains decreased by 10.38%-22.4%, while the grain weight of ‘Jiyu60’ with fewer grains did not decrease. The upper leaves of soybean with higher rate of reversing leaf were more observed in leaves with larger single leaf area, smaller specific leaf weight and lower leaf shape index, this could reduce the net photosynthetic rate of leaves and thus cut down the same-node and single-node grain weight, and is not conducive to the high yield of soybean.

Key words: soybean, leaf turnover, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, grain weight

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