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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 24-27.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0079

所属专题: 棉花

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

可降解地膜对石河子垦区棉花农艺性状及产量的影响

刘晓伟1(), 何文清2,3, 李志强1, 李生太1, 吕军1()   

  1. 1石河子农业科学研究院,新疆石河子 832000
    2中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
    3农业农村部旱作农业重点实验室,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-09 修回日期:2021-01-18 出版日期:2021-03-05 发布日期:2021-03-17
  • 通讯作者: 吕军
  • 作者简介:刘晓伟,男,1988年出生,新疆石河子人,助理研究员,本科,研究方向:面源污染与农业资源利用。通信地址:832000 新疆石河子市北泉镇农科中心小区 石河子农业科学研究院,Tel:0993-7579262,E-mail: 125456539@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团科研项目“塔额垦区甜菜提质增效关键技术研究与开发”(2018AB036);新疆生产建设兵团中青年科技创新领军人才项目(2018CB029);师市科研项目“复合功能全生物降解农膜的开发与推广”(2018GY02);师市中青年科技创新领军人才项目(2019RC04)

Effects of Degradable Plastic Film on Agronomic Characters and Yield of Cotton in Shihezi Reclamation Area

Liu Xiaowei1(), He Wenqing2,3, Li Zhiqiang1, Li Shengtai1, Lv Jun1()   

  1. 1Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000
    2Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-05-09 Revised:2021-01-18 Online:2021-03-05 Published:2021-03-17
  • Contact: Lv Jun

摘要:

可降解地膜是解决“白色污染”的有效途径之一,其配方与气候条件相匹配是保证棉花正常生长和籽棉产量的先决条件。本研究以不同可降解地膜为供试材料,探讨不同降解地膜的降解情况及其对棉花农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,与不覆膜对照(CK)相比,常规地膜(PE)、二元酸二元醇共聚酯降解地膜(PBAT)、聚乳酸降解地膜(PLA)和光降解地膜(PPF)均促进棉花的生长,使其增产6.6%~21.3%;由于可降解地膜材料的不同,3种可降解地膜的降解特性以及对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响存在显著性差异(P<0.05);全生物降解地膜降解速度最快,比光降解地膜(PPF)提前进入诱导阶段,特别是主要成分为PBAT的全生物降解地膜覆膜120天后基本完全降解;由于过早的降解,其产量显著低于常规PE地膜,而主要成分为PLA的全生物降解地膜产量与常规PE地膜无显著性差异。综合考虑,主要成分为PLA的全生物降解地膜在石河子垦区覆盖与其区域气候条件和棉花生长匹配较好,棉花籽棉产量与常规PE地膜无显著差异。

关键词: 石河子, 垦区, 可降解地膜, 白色污染, 降解时期, 棉花, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract:

Degradable plastic film is one of the effective ways to solve the ‘white pollution’. The matching of the safety period of degradable plastic film with climatic conditions is a prerequisite to ensure cotton growth and seed cotton yield. In this study, three kinds of degradable plastic film were used as test materials to investigate the degradation of plastic film, agronomic characters and yield of cotton. Compared with the control without plastic film mulching, plastic film mulching promoted the growth of cotton and increased cotton yield by 6.6% to 21.3%. Due to the different materials of degradable plastic film, there were significant differences in the degradation characteristics, agronomic characters and yield (P<0.05). The degradation rate of the whole biodegradable plastic film was the fastest, and it entered the induction stage earlier than the photodegradable plastic film, especially the full biodegradable plastic film which was mainly composed of PBAT and could be degraded completely after 120 days. Due to premature degradation, the yield of PBAT was significantly lower than that of conventional PE plastic film, but there was no significant difference between PLA and PE. The degraded plastic film mainly composed of PLA matched well with the climatic conditions and cotton growth of Shihezi region, and there was no significant difference in cotton yield between PLA and PE.

Key words: Shihezi, reclamation area, degradable plastic film, white pollution, degradation period, cotton, agronomic characters, yield

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