大豆籽粒脂肪酸组分气相色谱检测方法的建立

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0250

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在建立快速、高效的大豆脂肪酸组分检测方法,为大豆脂肪酸的遗传改良和食品质量检测等奠定基础。以16个大豆品种为材料,对大豆脂肪酸甲酯化提取方法进行了优化,并对脂肪酸检测的气相色谱条件进行优化,建立了大豆脂肪酸的内标法和外标法检测方法。结果表明：大豆脂肪酸甲酯化提取的最优处理温度为50℃,最优处理时间为35 min;基于赛默飞气相色谱仪检测平台的内标法和外标法检测结果基本一致,两种方法均适用于大豆脂肪酸组分含量的检测,但内标法更方便快捷、且成本较低。本研究确立的大豆脂肪酸检测方法可以满足检测灵敏度高、处理简单快速、线性范围良好的要求,可应用于大豆脂肪酸含量的快速准确测定及大豆脂肪酸的品质改良。

关键词: 大豆, 脂肪酸, 气相色谱法, 检测方法, 内标法

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to establish a rapid and efficient method for determining fatty acids in soybean, and provide certain references for the genetic improvement and food quality inspection of fatty acids in soybean. In this study, sixteen soybean varieties were used as materials to optimize the extraction of fatty acids by methylation method. The fatty acids determination conditions by gas chromatography were optimized, and the determination methods of fatty acids with internal and external standard were established. The results show that the optimal treatment temperature is 50℃ and the optimal processing time is 35 min for the methyl esterification extraction of fatty acids. The results of the internal and external standard methods based on Thermo Fisher gas chromatography have high consistency, and the internal standard method shows relatively high efficiency and low price. The methods established in this study could meet the requirements of high sensitivity, simple and rapid processing, and good linear, and thus could be applied to the rapid and accurate determination and quality improvement of fatty acids in soybean.

Key words: soybean, fatty acids, gas chromatography, determination method, internal standard method

中图分类号:

S565.1

昝光敏, 张玲, 张延瑞, 盛英华, 周凯, 王贤智. 大豆籽粒脂肪酸组分气相色谱检测方法的建立[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(9): 118-124.

Zan Guangmin, Zhang Ling, Zhang Yanrui, Sheng Yinghua, Zhou Kai, Wang Xianzhi. Establishment of Gas Chromatography for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Soybean[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 118-124.

图/表 7

参考文献 32

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组分	梯度1	梯度2	梯度3	梯度4	梯度5
组分	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)
棕榈酸(16:0)	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7
硬脂酸(18:0)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5
油酸(18:1)	1.0	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0
亚油酸(18:2)	0.1	0.5	1.0	2.0	3.0
亚麻酸(18:3)	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.6

组分	梯度1	梯度2	梯度3	梯度4	梯度5
组分	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)	(mg/system)
棕榈酸(16:0)	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7
硬脂酸(18:0)	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5
油酸(18:1)	1.0	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0
亚油酸(18:2)	0.1	0.5	1.0	2.0	3.0
亚麻酸(18:3)	0.1	0.2	0.4	0.5	0.6

峰名称	保留时间/min	相对标准偏差/%	判定系数	斜率
棕榈酸	17.178	2.9999	0.99130	255.3268
硬脂酸	23.922	1.7896	0.99888	246.2808
油酸	24.685	2.9759	0.99695	243.5151
亚油酸	26.367	2.7665	0.99906	347.0875
亚麻酸	28.757	7.0525	0.98727	299.3967

峰名称	保留时间/min	相对标准偏差/%	判定系数	斜率
棕榈酸	17.178	2.9999	0.99130	255.3268
硬脂酸	23.922	1.7896	0.99888	246.2808
油酸	24.685	2.9759	0.99695	243.5151
亚油酸	26.367	2.7665	0.99906	347.0875
亚麻酸	28.757	7.0525	0.98727	299.3967

品种	方法	棕榈酸/%	硬脂酸/%	油酸/%	亚油酸/%	亚麻酸/%
中豆30	M1	10.66	2.42	45.01	33.37	8.53
	M2	9.68	2.10	38.80	40.48	8.94
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9810	0.8622	0.9987	0.9966	0.9933
中豆32	M1	11.15	2.95	43.67	34.00	8.23
	M2	10.10	2.56	37.55	41.18	8.61
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9904	0.9972	0.9999	0.9996	0.9963
中豆39	M1	10.50	2.71	48.53	30.98	7.28
	M2	9.64	2.39	42.28	37.97	7.73
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9962	0.9721	0.9990	0.9928	0.9938
中豆40	M1	11.30	2.75	39.57	36.93	9.46
	M2	10.11	2.36	33.62	44.13	9.78
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9929	0.9620	0.9990	0.9987	0.9941
中豆41	M1	12.08	3.11	37.26	38.10	9.45
	M2	10.77	2.66	31.49	45.35	9.73
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9476	0.9098	0.9998	0.9993	0.9981
中豆43	M1	14.86	4.68	26.81	44.17	9.49
	M2	12.97	3.91	22.18	51.34	9.59
	r_(M1/M2)	0.8726	0.9903	0.9996	0.9983	0.9985
中黄42	M1	14.10	4.21	30.90	41.69	9.11
	M2	12.42	3.56	25.77	48.98	9.27
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9979	0.9971	0.9946	0.9940	0.9696
中黄59	M1	10.24	2.53	47.61	31.83	7.78
	M2	9.35	2.21	41.32	38.88	8.23
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9953	0.9792	0.9999	0.9999	0.9967
中黄71	M1	11.15	3.76	44.76	32.75	7.58
	M2	10.15	3.28	38.72	39.86	7.99
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9939	0.9967	0.9984	0.9966	0.9890
齐黄34	M1	12.59	3.87	35.05	39.83	8.66
	M2	11.18	3.30	29.51	47.15	8.86
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9736	0.9690	0.9991	0.9984	0.9875
驻豆02-19	M1	12.75	3.16	27.59	46.83	9.67
	M2	11.04	2.63	22.62	54.03	9.68
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9949	0.9859	0.9963	0.9939	0.9956
驻豆5号	M1	12.34	3.27	34.09	41.70	8.61
	M2	10.90	2.75	28.51	49.05	8.79
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9966	0.9894	0.9999	0.9998	0.9973
黑农23	M1	11.10	3.14	43.98	33.66	8.12
	M2	10.07	2.73	37.85	40.84	8.51
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9351	0.9884	0.9993	0.9964	0.9478
天隆2号	M1	10.82	2.97	47.39	31.15	7.67
	M2	9.89	2.61	41.21	38.16	8.12
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9509	0.9679	0.9473	0.8724	0.9691
郑豆30	M1	12.96	3.55	29.03	45.08	9.39
	M2	11.29	2.95	23.92	52.34	9.48
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9898	0.8582	0.9989	0.9966	0.9959
黔豆08014	M1	11.79	3.33	41.18	35.64	8.06
	M2	10.63	2.88	35.23	42.85	8.41
	r_(M1/M2)	0.9481	0.9900	0.9955	0.9831	0.8529