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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 64-70.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0273

所属专题： 资源与环境； 水稻

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

增苗减氮对稻田氮素流失及利用效率的影响

谷学佳1(), 王玉峰1(), 孙阳2, 周雪全3, 曾媛3, 王军3, 司洋3   

  1. 1黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/农业农村部东北平原农业环境重点实验室,哈尔滨 150086
    2黑龙江省农业对外经济合作中心,哈尔滨 150008
    3黑龙江省兴凯湖农场,黑龙江密山 158325
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-21 修回日期:2020-09-17 出版日期:2021-03-25 发布日期:2021-04-09
  • 通讯作者: 王玉峰
  • 作者简介:谷学佳,男,1984年出生,黑龙江桦南人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向：农业环境。通信地址：150086 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路368号 黑龙江省农业科学院创新大厦222,Tel：0451-86655338,E-mail： gxjforever@aliyun.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“东北粮食主产区农业面源污染综合防治技术示范”(2018YFD0800900)

Increasing Transplanting Density and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer: Effect on Nitrogen Loss and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Paddy Field

Gu Xuejia1(), Wang Yufeng1(), Sun Yang2, Zhou Xuequan3, Zeng Yuan3, Wang Jun3, Si Yang3   

  1. 1Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment of Northeast Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150086
    2Agricultural Foreign Economic Cooperation Center of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150008
    3Xingkai Lake Farm of Heilongjiang Province, Mishan Heilongjiang 158325
  • Received:2020-07-21 Revised:2020-09-17 Online:2021-03-25 Published:2021-04-09
  • Contact: Wang Yufeng

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摘要：

研究旨在探讨增苗减氮的栽培方式对水稻的氮素流失及吸收利用的影响,为水稻氮磷流失防控奠定基础。采用小区试验研究了不同增苗减氮处理对地表径流氮素流失、水稻氮素吸收量和利用效率、土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的减少和秧苗数的增加总氮流失量显著降低,插秧前流失量占全生育期60%以上,总氮流失量最高为常规处理(T2)达到11.80 kg/hm2,T3~T6处理比T2降低13.42%~53.52%。与T2处理相比,T3~T6处理氮肥农学效率提高2.86%~28.99%,偏生产力提高3.40%~24.98%。随着施氮量的降低和秧苗数的增加氮素盈余量降低,T2~T6处理氮素盈余量分别为20.55 kg/hm2、15.23 kg/hm2、16.10 kg/hm2、6.33 kg/hm2和-10.62 kg/hm2。该试验表明适度的增加秧苗密度、减少氮肥投入能够减少氮素流失,提升氮素利用效率,保障土壤氮素平衡。

关键词: 增苗减氮, 水稻, 氮素流失, 氮素利用率, 氮素平衡

Abstract:

This study aims to lay a foundation for the prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy field. The plot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different treatments of increasing transplanting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen loss by surface runoff, nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice, and soil nitrogen balance. The results show that the total nitrogen loss is significantly reduced due to the decreasing of nitrogen application and the increasing of seedling number. The nitrogen loss before transplanting accounts for more than 60% of the whole growth period. The total nitrogen loss of the conventional treatment (T2) is the highest, reaching 11.80 kg/hm2, and those of T3-T6 treatments are reduced by 13.42%-53.52% compared with T2. The agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen fertilizer of T3-T6 treatment increase by 2.86%-28.99% and nitrogen partial productivity increases by 3.40%-24.98% compared with T2. The nitrogen surplus decreases with the decreasing of nitrogen application amount and the increasing of seedling number. The nitrogen surplus of T2 to T6 is 20.55 kg/hm2, 15.23 kg/hm2, 16.10 kg/hm2, 6.33 kg/hm2, -10.62 kg/hm2, respectively. Therefore, properly increasing seedling density and decreasing nitrogen input could reduce nitrogen loss, improve nitrogen use efficiency and guarantee soil nitrogen balance.

Key words: increasing transplanting density and reducing nitrogen fertilizer, rice, nitrogen loss, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen balance

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