饲料可消化蛋白和脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0335

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (20): 126-135.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0335

所属专题：生物技术；水产渔业

饲料可消化蛋白和脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响

李光彬(), 李英, 王秋梅, 张新党, 林贝贝, 陈路斯, 邓君明()

云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明 650201

收稿日期:2020-08-05 修回日期:2020-12-15 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: 邓君明
作者简介:李光彬,男,1995年出生,山东德州人,在读硕士,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。通信地址：650201云南昆明盘龙区金黑公路95号云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,Tel：0871-65227790,E-mail：guangbinli123@163.com。
基金资助:
云南省农业厅“云南省淡水渔业产业技术体系营养与饲料科学岗位专项”(2017KJT001);国家重点研发计划“水产动物微量营养素营养及其调控机制”(2018YFD0900403)

Effects of Digestible Crude Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Metabolism of Energy Substances and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile GIFI Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Li Guangbin(), Li Ying, Wang Qiumei, Zhang Xindang, Lin Beibei, Chen Lusi, Deng Junming()

College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201

Received:2020-08-05 Revised:2020-12-15 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: Deng Junming

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究饲料中不同可消化蛋白(DCP)和脂肪(DL)水平对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响,以确定罗非鱼幼鱼饲料适宜氮能比。初始均重为2 g幼鱼,投喂不同DCP(22%、24%、26%、28%)和DL水平(3%、5%、7%)配制而成的12种不同氮能比试验饲料10周。试验表明：提高饲料DCP和DL水平,显著提高鱼体体增重和特定生长率,5%DL组与7%DL组无显著差异,但蛋白质沉积率呈逐渐下降趋势,DCP26DL5组体增重和特定生长率与最高组DCP26DL7无显著差异;DCP26DL5组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于DCP28DL3组;DCP26DL5组血液AST活性最低,且DCP26DL5组TC和LDL-C含量显著低于DCP22DL7组,血糖水平无显著变化;鱼体抗氧化功能显著提高,DCP26DL5组肝脏SOD活性显著高于DCP22DL3组。研究结果表明,饲料DCP水平过高会降低蛋白质效率,DL水平过高生长性能出现平台期,建议吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料适宜DCP水平为26%,DL水平为5%,即氮能比为19.18 mg/KJ。

关键词: 吉富罗非鱼, 可消化蛋白, 脂肪, 生长, 能量物质代谢, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of digestible crude protein (DCP) and lipid (DL) levels on growth performance, metabolism of energy substances and antioxidant capacity of juvenile GIFI Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and thereby to determine the optimal rate of digestible crude protein to digestible energy (DCP/DE). Juvenile fish with an initial average body weight of 2 g were fed 12 experimental diets with different nitrogen to energy ratios prepared with different DCP levels (22%, 24%, 26%, 28%) and DL levels (3%, 5%, 7%) for 10 weeks. The results showed as follows: with the increasing level of DCP and DL, the body weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish were significantly increased, but there was no significant difference between the 5%DL and the 7%DL group, and the protein efficiency showed a gradually decreasing trend. The WG and SGR of fish in the DCP26DL5 group were not significantly different from those in the highest DCP26DL7 group. The pepsin activity in DCP26DL5 group was significantly higher than that in DCP28DL3 group. The serum AST activity in DCP26DL5 group was the lowest. The TC and LDL-C content in DCP26DL5 group were significantly lower than those in DCP22DL7 group, and there was no significant change in blood glucose level among all groups. The antioxidant function of fish body was significantly increased. The SOD activity in liver of DCP26DL5 group was significantly higher than that in DCP22DL3 group. Findings reveal that high dietary DCP level will reduce protein efficiency, and high DL level will cause plateauing period of growth performance. The suitable level of DCP for juvenile tilapia is 26%, and the level of lipid is 5%. The optimal DCP/DE is 19.18 mg/KJ.

Key words: Oreochromis niloticus, digestible crude protein, lipid, growth, metabolism of energy substances, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S963.71

李光彬, 李英, 王秋梅, 张新党, 林贝贝, 陈路斯, 邓君明. 饲料可消化蛋白和脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(20): 126-135.

Li Guangbin, Li Ying, Wang Qiumei, Zhang Xindang, Lin Beibei, Chen Lusi, Deng Junming. Effects of Digestible Crude Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Metabolism of Energy Substances and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile GIFI Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(20): 126-135.

图/表 6

参考文献 27

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原料/%		DCP22			DCP24			DCP26			DCP28
原料/%		DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7
进口鱼粉		4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
菜籽粕		8.00	8.00	8.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	12.10	12.10	12.10	14.00	14.00	14.00
豆粕		16.80	16.80	16.80	19.40	19.40	19.40	22.50	22.50	22.50	25.50	25.50	25.50
棉籽粕		5.00	5.00	5.00	7.00	7.00	7.00	9.00	9.00	9.00	11.00	11.00	11.00
面粉		24.40	24.40	24.40	21.80	21.80	21.80	17.00	17.00	17.00	16.00	16.00	16.00
小麦麸		23.50	23.50	23.50	21.00	21.00	21.00	18.70	18.70	18.70	14.00	14.00	14.00
豆油		0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50
大豆卵磷脂		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
α-淀粉		5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50
微晶纤维素		8.00	6.00	4.00	6.50	4.50	2.50	6.40	4.40	2.40	5.20	3.20	1.20
磷酸二氢钙		0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
氯化胆碱		0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
食盐		0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
三氧化二铬		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
矿物质预混料^（1）		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
维生素预混料^（2）		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
营养水平/%	干物质	87.78	86.12	86.94	85.87	87.55	87.97	87.58	88.11	87.96	88.02	87.72	87.98
	粗蛋白	26.16	25.91	26.07	28.00	27.85	28.13	30.04	30.11	30.08	32.28	32.37	31.85
	粗脂肪	3.69	5.74	7.68	3.56	5.44	7.42	3.44	5.29	7.33	3.39	5.66	7.46
	粗灰分	6.14	5.98	6.13	6.26	6.24	6.44	6.45	6.51	6.63	6.61	6.79	6.65
	总磷	0.66	0.66	0.61	0.60	0.61	0.66	0.62	0.68	0.71	0.61	0.66	0.65
	能量	18.79	19.18	19.38	18.77	19.28	19.52	19.03	19.29	19.53	18.86	19.36	19.52
	可消化粗蛋白DCP/%	23.40	23.72	23.92	24.56	25.01	25.22	26.59	26.85	26.67	29.50	29.17	28.79
	可消化能DE/(KJ/g)	12.35	14.58	15.03	13.05	13.85	14.38	12.73	14.00	14.57	14.15	13.80	14.19
	DCP/DE/(mg/KJ)	18.95	16.26	15.92	18.82	18.06	17.54	20.89	19.18	18.30	20.84	21.14	20.28

原料/%		DCP22			DCP24			DCP26			DCP28
原料/%		DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7	DL3	DL5	DL7
进口鱼粉		4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50	4.50
菜籽粕		8.00	8.00	8.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	12.10	12.10	12.10	14.00	14.00	14.00
豆粕		16.80	16.80	16.80	19.40	19.40	19.40	22.50	22.50	22.50	25.50	25.50	25.50
棉籽粕		5.00	5.00	5.00	7.00	7.00	7.00	9.00	9.00	9.00	11.00	11.00	11.00
面粉		24.40	24.40	24.40	21.80	21.80	21.80	17.00	17.00	17.00	16.00	16.00	16.00
小麦麸		23.50	23.50	23.50	21.00	21.00	21.00	18.70	18.70	18.70	14.00	14.00	14.00
豆油		0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50	0.50	2.50	4.50
大豆卵磷脂		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
α-淀粉		5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50	5.50
微晶纤维素		8.00	6.00	4.00	6.50	4.50	2.50	6.40	4.40	2.40	5.20	3.20	1.20
磷酸二氢钙		0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80	0.80
氯化胆碱		0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30
食盐		0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
三氧化二铬		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
矿物质预混料^（1）		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
维生素预混料^（2）		0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
营养水平/%	干物质	87.78	86.12	86.94	85.87	87.55	87.97	87.58	88.11	87.96	88.02	87.72	87.98
	粗蛋白	26.16	25.91	26.07	28.00	27.85	28.13	30.04	30.11	30.08	32.28	32.37	31.85
	粗脂肪	3.69	5.74	7.68	3.56	5.44	7.42	3.44	5.29	7.33	3.39	5.66	7.46
	粗灰分	6.14	5.98	6.13	6.26	6.24	6.44	6.45	6.51	6.63	6.61	6.79	6.65
	总磷	0.66	0.66	0.61	0.60	0.61	0.66	0.62	0.68	0.71	0.61	0.66	0.65
	能量	18.79	19.18	19.38	18.77	19.28	19.52	19.03	19.29	19.53	18.86	19.36	19.52
	可消化粗蛋白DCP/%	23.40	23.72	23.92	24.56	25.01	25.22	26.59	26.85	26.67	29.50	29.17	28.79
	可消化能DE/(KJ/g)	12.35	14.58	15.03	13.05	13.85	14.38	12.73	14.00	14.57	14.15	13.80	14.19
	DCP/DE/(mg/KJ)	18.95	16.26	15.92	18.82	18.06	17.54	20.89	19.18	18.30	20.84	21.14	20.28

处理组		FBW/(g/尾)	FR/[g/(kg·d)]	SR/%	WG	SGR/%	PER/%	PDR/%	FCR/%
DCP22	DL3	35.86 ± 1.72^b	0.90 ± 0.05^a	100.00 ± 0.00	26.85 ± 1.51^a	4.56 ± 0.08^b	2.62 ± 0.05^cde	137.26 ± 3.13^bcd	1.67 ± 0.04^a
	DL5	40.49 ± 3.33^bc	1.05 ± 0.04^bc	98.89 ± 1.11	31.36 ± 1.33^b	4.73 ± 0.14^bc	2.62 ± 0.34^bcde	132.82 ± 16.08^bcd	1.76 ± 0.20^a
	DL7	47.36 ± 3.06^cd	1.13 ± 0.05^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	34.23 ± 1.69^b	5.00 ± 0.10^cd	2.82 ± 0.21^e	137.70 ± 7.39^bcd	1.58 ± 0.13^a
DCP24	DL3	45.60 ± 2.77^cd	1.03 ± 0.01^b	100.00 ± 0.00	31.24 ± 0.33^b	4.94 ± 0.10^cd	2.79 ± 0.19^de	154.49 ± 10.64^d	1.51 ± 0.11^a
	DL5	46.53 ± 2.46^cd	1.09 ± 0.03^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.10 ± 0.88^b	4.98 ± 0.09^cd	2.67 ± 0.17^cde	144.78 ± 9.06^cd	1.55 ± 0.11^a
	DL7	40.36 ± 1.96^bc	1.07 ± 0.02^bc	97.78 ± 2.22	31.60 ± 1.00^b	4.71 ± 0.12^bc	2.29 ± 0.14^bcd	118.85 ± 6.20^ab	1.78 ± 0.11^a
DCP26	DL3	28.76 ± 2.20^a	0.89 ± 0.02^a	96.67 ± 1.93	25.84 ± 0.44^a	4.15 ± 0.09^a	1.81 ± 0.13^a	99.86 ± 6.69^a	2.12 ± 0.16^b
	DL5	47.97 ± 2.00^cd	1.10 ± 0.07^bc	97.78 ± 1.11	32.51 ± 2.26^b	4.99 ± 0.08^cd	2.51 ± 0.06^bcde	138.62 ± 4.32^bcd	1.50 ± 0.04^a
	DL7	50.37 ± 0.66^d	1.17 ± 0.03^c	97.78 ± 2.22	34.70 ± 1.41^b	5.07 ± 0.05^d	2.48 ± 0.02^bcde	134.17 ± 1.20^bcd	1.52 ± 0.01^a
DCP28	DL3	46.93 ± 2.46^cd	1.10 ± 0.04^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.47 ± 1.17^b	4.99 ± 0.08^cd	2.27 ± 0.05^abc	131.89 ± 1.83^bcd	1.55 ± 0.03^a
	DL5	44.33 ± 0.54^cd	1.13 ± 0.02^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	34.11 ± 0.44^b	4.90 ± 0.02^cd	2.10 ± 0.05^ab	117.81 ± 2.16^ab	1.68 ± 0.04^a
	DL7	48.11 ± 1.61^d	1.09 ± 0.02^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.20 ± 0.74^b	5.03 ± 0.06^d	2.38 ± 0.05^bcde	127.15 ± 3.70^bc	1.50 ± 0.03^a
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		41.24 ± 2.18^a	0.60 ± 0.04	99.63 ± 0.37	30.82 ± 1.31^a	4.76 ± 0.08^a	2.69 ± 0.12^b	135.92 ± 5.25	1.67 ± 0.07
24		44.16 ± 1.54^a	0.61 ± 0.01	99.26 ± 0.74	31.98 ± 0.49^ab	4.88 ± 0.07^ab	2.58 ± 0.11^b	139.37 ± 6.91	1.61 ± 0.07
26		42.37 ± 3.53^ab	0.60 ± 0.05	97.41 ± 0.93	31.01 ± 1.54^a	4.74 ± 0.15^a	2.27 ± 0.12^a	124.21 ± 6.55	1.71 ± 0.11
28		46.46 ± 1.03^b	0.62 ± 0.01	100.00 ± 0.00	33.59 ± 0.44^b	4.97 ± 0.03^b	2.25 ± 0.05^a	125.62 ± 2.47	1.58 ± 0.03
脂肪水平/%
3		39.29 ± 2.45^a	0.58 ± 0.03	99.17 ± 0.60	29.35 ± 1.03^a	4.66 ± 0.11^a	2.37 ± 0.12	130.87 ± 6.58	1.71 ± 0.08
5		44.83 ± 1.30^b	0.62 ± 0.02	99.17 ± 0.43	32.77 ± 0.67^b	4.90 ± 0.05^b	2.48 ± 0.11	133.51 ± 5.06	1.62 ± 0.05
7		46.55 ± 1.42^b	0.62 ± 0.02	98.89 ± 0.75	33.43 ± 0.65^b	4.95 ± 0.06^b	2.50 ± 0.08	129.47 ± 3.11	1.59 ± 0.06
Two-way ANOVA
DCP		0.043	0.681	0.052	0.042	0.011	0.002	0.077	0.376
DL		<0.001	0.090	0.926	<0.001	<0.001	0.473	0.764	0.246
DCP×DL		<0.001	0.659	0.735	0.009	<0.001	0.013	0.002	0.003

处理组		FBW/(g/尾)	FR/[g/(kg·d)]	SR/%	WG	SGR/%	PER/%	PDR/%	FCR/%
DCP22	DL3	35.86 ± 1.72^b	0.90 ± 0.05^a	100.00 ± 0.00	26.85 ± 1.51^a	4.56 ± 0.08^b	2.62 ± 0.05^cde	137.26 ± 3.13^bcd	1.67 ± 0.04^a
	DL5	40.49 ± 3.33^bc	1.05 ± 0.04^bc	98.89 ± 1.11	31.36 ± 1.33^b	4.73 ± 0.14^bc	2.62 ± 0.34^bcde	132.82 ± 16.08^bcd	1.76 ± 0.20^a
	DL7	47.36 ± 3.06^cd	1.13 ± 0.05^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	34.23 ± 1.69^b	5.00 ± 0.10^cd	2.82 ± 0.21^e	137.70 ± 7.39^bcd	1.58 ± 0.13^a
DCP24	DL3	45.60 ± 2.77^cd	1.03 ± 0.01^b	100.00 ± 0.00	31.24 ± 0.33^b	4.94 ± 0.10^cd	2.79 ± 0.19^de	154.49 ± 10.64^d	1.51 ± 0.11^a
	DL5	46.53 ± 2.46^cd	1.09 ± 0.03^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.10 ± 0.88^b	4.98 ± 0.09^cd	2.67 ± 0.17^cde	144.78 ± 9.06^cd	1.55 ± 0.11^a
	DL7	40.36 ± 1.96^bc	1.07 ± 0.02^bc	97.78 ± 2.22	31.60 ± 1.00^b	4.71 ± 0.12^bc	2.29 ± 0.14^bcd	118.85 ± 6.20^ab	1.78 ± 0.11^a
DCP26	DL3	28.76 ± 2.20^a	0.89 ± 0.02^a	96.67 ± 1.93	25.84 ± 0.44^a	4.15 ± 0.09^a	1.81 ± 0.13^a	99.86 ± 6.69^a	2.12 ± 0.16^b
	DL5	47.97 ± 2.00^cd	1.10 ± 0.07^bc	97.78 ± 1.11	32.51 ± 2.26^b	4.99 ± 0.08^cd	2.51 ± 0.06^bcde	138.62 ± 4.32^bcd	1.50 ± 0.04^a
	DL7	50.37 ± 0.66^d	1.17 ± 0.03^c	97.78 ± 2.22	34.70 ± 1.41^b	5.07 ± 0.05^d	2.48 ± 0.02^bcde	134.17 ± 1.20^bcd	1.52 ± 0.01^a
DCP28	DL3	46.93 ± 2.46^cd	1.10 ± 0.04^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.47 ± 1.17^b	4.99 ± 0.08^cd	2.27 ± 0.05^abc	131.89 ± 1.83^bcd	1.55 ± 0.03^a
	DL5	44.33 ± 0.54^cd	1.13 ± 0.02^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	34.11 ± 0.44^b	4.90 ± 0.02^cd	2.10 ± 0.05^ab	117.81 ± 2.16^ab	1.68 ± 0.04^a
	DL7	48.11 ± 1.61^d	1.09 ± 0.02^bc	100.00 ± 0.00	33.20 ± 0.74^b	5.03 ± 0.06^d	2.38 ± 0.05^bcde	127.15 ± 3.70^bc	1.50 ± 0.03^a
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		41.24 ± 2.18^a	0.60 ± 0.04	99.63 ± 0.37	30.82 ± 1.31^a	4.76 ± 0.08^a	2.69 ± 0.12^b	135.92 ± 5.25	1.67 ± 0.07
24		44.16 ± 1.54^a	0.61 ± 0.01	99.26 ± 0.74	31.98 ± 0.49^ab	4.88 ± 0.07^ab	2.58 ± 0.11^b	139.37 ± 6.91	1.61 ± 0.07
26		42.37 ± 3.53^ab	0.60 ± 0.05	97.41 ± 0.93	31.01 ± 1.54^a	4.74 ± 0.15^a	2.27 ± 0.12^a	124.21 ± 6.55	1.71 ± 0.11
28		46.46 ± 1.03^b	0.62 ± 0.01	100.00 ± 0.00	33.59 ± 0.44^b	4.97 ± 0.03^b	2.25 ± 0.05^a	125.62 ± 2.47	1.58 ± 0.03
脂肪水平/%
3		39.29 ± 2.45^a	0.58 ± 0.03	99.17 ± 0.60	29.35 ± 1.03^a	4.66 ± 0.11^a	2.37 ± 0.12	130.87 ± 6.58	1.71 ± 0.08
5		44.83 ± 1.30^b	0.62 ± 0.02	99.17 ± 0.43	32.77 ± 0.67^b	4.90 ± 0.05^b	2.48 ± 0.11	133.51 ± 5.06	1.62 ± 0.05
7		46.55 ± 1.42^b	0.62 ± 0.02	98.89 ± 0.75	33.43 ± 0.65^b	4.95 ± 0.06^b	2.50 ± 0.08	129.47 ± 3.11	1.59 ± 0.06
Two-way ANOVA
DCP		0.043	0.681	0.052	0.042	0.011	0.002	0.077	0.376
DL		<0.001	0.090	0.926	<0.001	<0.001	0.473	0.764	0.246
DCP×DL		<0.001	0.659	0.735	0.009	<0.001	0.013	0.002	0.003

处理组		肠道AMS/(U/mg prot)	肝脏AMS/(U/mg prot)	肠道LPS/(U/g prot)	肝脏LPS/(U/g prot)	肠道胰蛋白/(U/g prot)	胃蛋白酶/(U/mg prot)
DCP22	DL3	1.28 ± 0.17^abc	0.93 ± 0.11^abc	45.57 ± 2.96^a	33.43 ± 8.39^c	5.04 ± 0.44^abc	13.33 ± 0.65^b
	DL5	1.11 ± 0.02^a	0.69 ± 0.13^a	47.74 ± 8.04^ab	19.95 ± 5.36^abc	4.70 ± 0.10^abc	11.92 ± 1.03^b
	DL7	1.07 ± 0.06^a	1.02 ± 0.010^abc	42.35 ± 12.16^ab	23.48 ± 5.64^abc	4.36 ± 0.48^ab	12.15 ± 1.12^b
DCP24	DL3	1.11 ± 0.10^a	0.91 ± 0.03^abc	61.30 ± 11.06^ab	8.16 ± 2.25^a	9.44 ± 0.93^d	8.83 ± 1.11^ab
	DL5	1.04 ± 0.07^a	0.74 ± 0.07^a	33.84 ± 6.51^ab	15.60 ± 5.69^ab	6.72 ± 0.38^bc	12.87 ± 0.93^b
	DL7	1.16 ± 0.19^ab	0.95 ± 0.08^abc	33.16 ± 8.57^ab	24.44 ± 5.59^abc	7.38 ± 0.74^cd	12.99 ± 0.61^b
DCP26	DL3	1.11 ± 0.05^a	0.82 ± 0.03^ab	36.49 ± 4.97^ab	24.20 ± 0.96^abc	9.34 ± 0.48^d	12.06 ± 0.63^b
	DL5	1.15 ± 0.09^ab	0.97 ± 0.11^abc	27.65 ± 0.56^ab	29.95 ± 6.06^bc	5.82 ± 1.41^bc	13.19 ± 3.57^b
	DL7	1.09 ± 0.05^a	1.15 ± 0.08^bc	52.28 ± 14.13^abc	12.56 ± 3.45^a	7.63 ± 1.43^cd	11.96 ± 1.85^b
DCP28	DL3	1.52 ± 0.13^bc	1.22 ± 0.21^c	44.16 ± 3.52^abc	31.20 ± 5.32^bc	4.92 ± 1.24^abc	7.10 ± 1.14^a
	DL5	1.64 ± 0.14^c	0.93 ± 0.13^abc	45.84 ± 15.04^bc	25.00 ± 4.51^abc	5.38 ± 1.17^bc	9.24 ± 1.21^ab
	DL7	1.27 ± 0.20^abc	1.19 ± 0.14^c	78.16 ± 14.69^c	31.01 ± 4.74^bc	2.27 ± 0.73^a	9.73 ± 0.29^ab
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		1.16 ± 0.06^a	0.88 ± 0.07^a	45.22 ± 4.36	25.62 ± 3.87^ab	4.70 ± 0.21^a	12.47 ± 0.52^b
24		1.11 ± 0.07^a	0.87 ± 0.05^a	42.77 ± 6.43	16.07 ± 3.36^a	7.85 ± 0.55^b	11.56 ± 0.82^b
26		1.12 ± 0.03^a	0.98 ± 0.06^ab	38.81 ± 5.63	22.24 ± 3.27^ab	7.59 ± 0.78^b	12.40 ± 1.19^b
28		1.47 ± 0.10^b	1.11 ± 0.09^b	56.05 ± 8.27	29.07 ± 2.64^b	4.19 ± 0.72^a	8.69 ± 0.63^a
脂肪水平/%
3		1.26 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.07^ab	46.88 ± 3.88	24.25 ± 3.69	7.19 ± 0.76	10.33 ± 0.84
5		1.24 ± 0.08	0.83 ± 0.06^a	38.77 ± 4.64	22.63 ± 2.83	5.65 ± 0.46	11.81 ± 0.98
7		1.15 ± 0.07	1.08 ± 0.05^b	51.49 ± 7.39	22.87 ± 2.90	5.41 ± 0.78	11.71 ± 0.60
Two-way ANOVA
DCP		0.003	0.034	0.189	0.032	<0.001	0.011
DL		0.405	0.014	0.195	0.892	0.021	0.284
DCP×DL		0.521	0.473	0.080	0.048	0.142	0.476

饲料可消化蛋白和脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响

Effects of Digestible Crude Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Metabolism of Energy Substances and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile GIFI Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

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处理组		TP/(g/L)	AST/(U/L)	ALT/(U/L)	BUN/(mmol/L)	Ca/(mmol/L)	P/(mmol/L)	AMPD/(U/L)	GDH/(U/L)
DCP22	DL3	29.66 ± 2.82^abc	68.58 ± 5.05^c	1.34 ± 0.41	3.03 ± 0.36	3.10 ± 0.17^a	1.70 ± 0.02^ab	5.99 ± 0.54^a	14.26 ± 1.22^ab
	DL5	29.16 ± 0.80^ab	59.32 ± 3.91^bc	4.46 ± 2.25	3.26 ± 0.16	3.18 ± 0.10^a	1.54 ± 0.11^ab	9.47 ± 0.45^bcd	12.91 ± 0.28^abc
	DL7	38.20 ± 1.63^c	42.81 ± 0.79^ab	2.39 ± 0.43	2.77 ± 0.08	3.49 ± 0.03^ab	1.34 ± 0.07^a	10.44 ± 0.31^cde	13.30 ± 0.12^ab
DCP24	DL3	34.18 ± 3.41^bc	60.07 ± 7.76^bc	1.68 ± 0.25	3.29 ± 0.08	3.23 ± 0.23^a	1.68 ± 0.20^ab	11.74 ± 1.05^ef	11.13 ± 1.23^a
	DL5	22.87 ± 1.85^a	51.83 ± 7.45^abc	3.29 ± 1.50	3.12 ± 0.44	3.22 ± 0.14^a	1.81 ± 0.33^ab	6.44 ± 0.27^a	14.83 ± 0.44^c
	DL7	28.65 ± 2.85^ab	47.30 ± 2.97^abc	3.54 ± 0.69	3.05 ± 0.26	3.16 ± 0.27^a	1.83 ± 0.24^ab	8.52 ± 0.54^b	13.58 ± 0.38^ab
DCP26	DL3	28.65 ± 3.86^ab	42.51 ± 3.41^ab	3.35 ± 1.46	3.22 ± 0.20	3.08 ± 0.23^a	2.04 ± 0.14^b	9.40 ± 0.28^bcd	13.19 ± 0.24^ab
	DL5	29.74 ± 2.60^abc	35.62 ± 6.43^a	1.62 ± 0.51	3.51 ± 0.35	3.11 ± 0.12^a	2.13 ± 0.18^b	12.56 ± 0.58^f	13.29 ± 0.55^ab
	DL7	30.49 ± 0.16^abc	61.56 ± 15.41^bc	2.60 ± 1.69	3.21 ± 0.54	3.19 ± 0.11^a	1.93 ± 0.23^ab	6.73 ± 0.46^a	14.57 ± 0.39^ab
DCP28	DL3	30.07 ± 2.11^abc	32.73 ± 6.51^a	2.83 ± 1.35	2.94 ± 0.13	3.83 ± 0.24^c	2.07 ± 0.24^b	8.71 ± 0.55^bc	12.81 ± 0.24^abc
	DL5	26.14 ± 3.10^ab	32.93 ± 7.67^a	3.13 ± 0.24	2.87 ± 0.46	3.14 ± 0.12^a	1.77 ± 0.25^ab	9.24 ± 0.36^bcd	14.21 ± 0.75^ab
	DL7	31.42 ± 3.48^abc	39.00 ± 2.77^ab	4.06 ± 0.66	2.67 ± 0.17	3.33 ± 0.06^ab	1.65 ± 0.15^ab	10.78 ± 0.89^de	12.48 ± 0.11^ab
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		32.34 ± 1.75	56.90 ± 4.20^b	2.73 ± 0.81	3.02 ± 0.13	3.26 ± 0.08	1.53 ± 0.06^a	8.63 ± 0.71	13.49 ± 0.41
24		28.57 ± 2.14	53.07 ± 3.72^b	2.83 ± 0.56	3.16 ± 0.15	3.20 ± 0.11	1.78 ± 0.13^ab	8.90 ± 0.84	13.18 ± 0.67
26		29.63 ± 1.37	46.57 ± 6.26^ab	2.52 ± 0.70	3.31 ± 0.20	3.13 ± 0.08	2.03 ± 0.10^b	9.56 ± 0.87	13.68 ± 0.30
28		29.21 ± 1.67	34.89 ± 3.18^a	3.34 ± 0.47	2.83 ± 0.15	3.44 ± 0.13	1.83 ± 0.12^ab	9.58 ± 0.44	13.17 ± 0.35
脂肪水平/%
3		30.64 ± 1.48^ab	50.97 ± 4.95	2.30 ± 0.50	3.12 ± 0.11	3.31 ± 0.13	1.87 ± 0.09	8.96 ± 0.68	12.85 ± 0.51^a
5		26.98 ± 1.27^a	44.93 ± 4.34	3.12 ± 0.67	3.19 ± 0.17	3.16 ± 0.06	1.81 ± 0.12	9.43 ± 0.68	13.81 ± 0.32^b
7		32.19 ± 1.49^b	47.67 ± 4.27	3.15 ± 0.47	2.93 ± 0.15	3.29 ± 0.08	1.69 ± 0.11	9.12 ± 0.55	13.48 ± 0.26^ab
Two-way ANOVA
DCP		0.330	0.004	0.845	0.301	0.193	0.042	0.132	0.696
DL		0.028	0.471	0.505	0.473	0.426	0.435	0.511	0.105
DCP×DL		0.138	0.043	0.480	0.984	0.180	0.808	<0.001	0.007

处理组		TG/(mmol/L)	TC/(mmol/L)	LDL-C/(mmol/L)	LDL-C/HDL-C	PFK/(U/mg prot)	PEPCK/(U/mg prot)	FBP/(U/mg prot)	G6P/(U/mg prot)
DCP22	DL3	1.18 ± 0.12^abc	2.33 ± 0.17^a	0.70 ± 0.16^ab	0.50 ± 0.10^ab	0.75 ± 0.05^bcd	2.05 ± 0.96^abc	0.80 ± 0.06^ab	4.27 ± 0.21^a
	DL5	1.06 ± 0.20^abc	3.86 ± 0.06^cd	0.92 ± 0.36^ab	0.39 ± 0.21^a	0.59 ± 0.05^ab	1.85 ± 0.76^abc	0.44 ± 0.05^a	4.56 ± 0.23^ab
	DL7	1.08 ± 0.16^abc	3.98 ± 0.61^d	1.86 ± 0.20^c	1.07 ± 0.21^b	0.71 ± 0.02^bcd	3.10 ± 0.74^bc	0.64 ± 0.03^ab	4.50 ± 0.28^ab
DCP24	DL3	1.36 ± 0.23^c	2.82 ± 0.30^ab	0.96 ± 0.21^ab	0.59 ± 0.09^ab	0.68 ± 0.06^bcd	1.61 ± 0.48^abc	0.69 ± 0.04^ab	4.00 ± 0.12^abc
	DL5	0.77 ± 0.00^ab	2.73 ± 0.30^ab	0.93 ± 0.30^ab	0.57 ± 0.18^ab	0.42 ± 0.18^a	0.35 ± 0.13^a	0.66 ± 0.10^ab	3.30 ± 0.38^abc
	DL7	0.94 ± 0.15^abc	3.11 ± 0.17^abc	1.08 ± 0.17^ab	0.64 ± 0.20^ab	0.59 ± 0.07^ab	1.44 ± 1.07^ab	1.28 ± 0.19^d	4.61 ± 0.28^abc
DCP26	DL3	1.28 ± 0.10^bc	3.11 ± 0.15^abc	0.53 ± 0.04^ab	0.23 ± 0.03^a	0.88 ± 0.07^d	3.58 ± 0.19^bc	1.32 ± 0.17^d	5.72 ± 0.92^abc
	DL5	0.85 ± 0.10^abc	2.90 ± 0.040^ab	0.79 ± 0.21^ab	0.45 ± 0.17^a	0.61 ± 0.05^abc	3.71 ± 0.46^c	1.04 ± 0.29^cd	5.40 ± 0.58^bc
	DL7	0.79 ± 0.24^abc	3.22 ± 0.21^bcd	1.25 ± 0.23^bc	0.73 ± 0.19^ab	0.67 ± 0.06^bcd	2.17 ± 0.71^abc	0.78 ± 0.10^ab	5.19 ± 0.59^bc
DCP28	DL3	0.77 ± 0.21^ab	2.57 ± 0.00^ab	0.35 ± 0.13^a	0.17 ± 0.07^a	0.74 ± 0.08^bcd	2.41 ± 0.22^abc	1.05 ± 0.18^cd	4.98 ± 0.15^bc
	DL5	0.70 ± 0.14^a	3.31 ± 0.34^bcd	0.94 ± 0.52^ab	0.51 ± 0.35^ab	0.70 ± 0.04^bcd	1.48 ± 0.56^ab	0.99 ± 0.12^cd	3.96 ± 0.52^bc
	DL7	0.65 ± 0.15^a	3.16 ± 0.17^abcd	0.67 ± 0.19^ab	0.32 ± 0.13^a	0.86 ± 0.08^cd	3.72 ± 0.77^c	0.80 ± 0.06^ab	5.00 ± 0.16^c
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		1.11 ± 0.080^b	3.39 ± 0.32	1.16 ± 0.22	0.65 ± 0.14	0.69 ± 0.03^ab	2.33 ± 0.46^b	0.63 ± 0.06^a	4.44 ± 0.13^a
24		1.02 ± 0.12^b	2.88 ± 0.14	0.99 ± 0.12	0.60 ± 0.08	0.56 ± 0.07^a	1.13 ± 0.39^a	0.88 ± 0.12^ab	3.97 ± 0.23^a
26		0.97 ± 0.11^ab	3.08 ± 0.09	0.86 ± 0.14	0.47 ± 0.10	0.72 ± 0.05^b	3.15 ± 0.35^b	1.05 ± 0.13^b	5.44 ± 0.36^b
28		0.71 ± 0.09^a	3.02 ± 0.16	0.65 ± 0.19	0.33 ± 0.12	0.77 ± 0.04^b	2.54 ± 0.43^b	0.95 ± 0.08^b	4.65 ± 0.24^a
脂肪水平/%
3		1.15 ± 0.10^b	2.71 ± 0.12^a	0.64 ± 0.09^a	0.37 ± 0.06^a	0.76 ± 0.04^b	2.41 ± 0.32	0.96 ± 0.09	4.74 ± 0.29
5		0.84 ± 0.07^a	3.20 ± 0.16^b	0.90 ± 0.16^ab	0.48 ± 0.10^ab	0.58 ± 0.05^a	1.85 ± 0.43	0.78 ± 0.10	4.31 ± 0.30
7		0.86 ± 0.09^a	3.37 ± 0.18^b	1.22 ± 0.16^b	0.69 ± 0.11^b	0.71 ± 0.04^b	2.61 ± 0.44	0.88 ± 0.09	4.82 ± 0.18
Two-way ANOVA
DP		0.030	0.140	0.120	0.160	0.020	0.010	0.010	<0.001
DL		0.020	<0.001	0.010	0.060	0.010	0.250	0.200	0.210
DCP×DL		0.640	0.300	0.270	0.310	0.510	0.140	0.010	0.450

处理组		血液				肝脏
处理组		SOD/(U/L)	T-AOC/(U/L)	CAT/(U/mL)	GR/(U/L)	SOD/(U/mg prot)	GR/(U/g prot)	POD/(U/mg prot)	GSH-PX/(U/g prot)
DCP22	DL3	82.16 ± 1.10^ab	4.95 ± 1.43^ab	10.24 ± 0.83^ab	29.99 ± 1.29^a	62.22 ± 4.40^a	15.70 ± 2.68^ab	1.57 ± 0.14^a	63.57 ± 2.54^abc
	DL5	68.11 ± 10.81^ab	3.94 ± 0.93^ab	10.06 ± 0.56^ab	28.26 ± 3.72^a	99.83 ± 4.38^cd	12.92 ± 3.81^a	2.00 ± 0.47^ab	83.05 ± 8.26^bcd
	DL7	80.63 ± 8.31^ab	3.54 ± 0.27^ab	9.94 ± 0.73^ab	31.73 ± 3.89^a	110.61 ± 2.66^cd	11.27 ± 3.69^a	1.75 ± 0.05^a	93.89 ± 9.14^d
DCP24	DL3	77.58 ± 3.97^ab	4.85 ± 1.49^ab	14.57 ± 3.84^b	35.63 ± 5.57^ab	103.83 ± 5.71^cd	8.99 ± 1.23^a	1.58 ± 0.17^ab	75.16 ± 11.75^abcd
	DL5	69.95 ± 4.74^ab	4.85 ± 1.39^ab	10.03 ± 0.94^ab	58.28 ± 21.49^b	69.63 ± 9.38^ab	13.24 ± 0.96^a	1.19 ± 0.30^a	61.61 ± 7.70^abc
	DL7	97.43 ± 23.21^b	5.86 ± 1.43^b	10.69 ± 0.44^ab	37.99 ± 2.02^ab	97.00 ± 1.71^cd	22.09 ± 1.46^ab	1.61 ± 0.10^a	85.90 ± 6.77^cd
DCP26	DL3	76.62 ± 0.30^ab	5.76 ± 0.61^ab	9.78 ± 0.84^a	31.90 ± 0.24^a	107.12 ± 1.00^cd	19.04 ± 1.09^ab	2.27 ± 0.42^b	56.59 ± 15.66^a
	DL5	75.41 ± 1.39^ab	3.74 ± 1.31^ab	10.75 ± 0.90^ab	26.74 ± 1.94^a	109.42 ± 4.49^cd	19.98 ± 3.58^ab	1.70 ± 0.03^ab	69.75 ± 2.44^abcd
	DL7	66.02 ± 6.15^a	2.32 ± 0.83^a	7.25 ± 0.62^a	33.33 ± 1.21^ab	111.74 ± 14.57^d	20.25 ± 6.53^ab	2.03 ± 0.36^ab	63.60 ± 0.35^abc
DCP28	DL3	64.81 ± 4.70^a	3.64 ± 0.17^ab	7.71 ± 0.55^a	32.21 ± 1.18^a	113.55 ± 6.11^d	28.60 ± 8.39^b	1.94 ± 0.35^a	59.47 ± 3.03^ab
	DL5	72.99 ± 3.87^ab	2.83 ± 0.20^ab	6.99 ± 1.54^a	33.75 ± 3.04^ab	89.22 ± 7.53^bc	18.94 ± 3.02^ab	1.40 ± 0.13^ab	66.56 ± 3.58^abc
	DL7	56.63 ±11.96^a	2.83 ± 0.56^ab	8.97 ± 1.25^a	47.58 ± 13.11^ab	113.69 ± 6.83^d	22.42 ± 3.28^ab	1.84 ± 0.12^ab	69.13 ± 5.87^abcd
可消化粗蛋白质水平/%
22		76.97 ± 4.53^ab	4.14 ± 0.54^ab	10.08 ± 0.36^ab	29.99 ± 1.68^a	90.89 ± 7.59^a	13.30 ± 1.83^a	1.78 ± 0.16^ab	80.17 ± 5.73^b
24		81.65 ± 8.05^b	5.19 ± 0.74^b	11.76 ± 1.35^b	43.97 ± 7.37^b	90.15 ± 6.13^a	14.77 ± 2.03^a	1.46 ± 0.12^a	74.22 ± 5.71^ab
26		72.69 ± 2.47^ab	3.94 ± 0.69^ab	9.26 ± 0.66^ab	30.66 ± 1.20^ab	109.43 ± 4.46^b	19.75 ± 2.18^ab	2.00 ± 0.18^b	63.31 ± 4.96^a
脂肪水平/%
28		64.81 ± 4.54^a	3.10 ± 0.22^a	7.89 ± 0.66^a	37.85 ± 4.60^ab	105.49 ± 5.32^ab	23.32 ± 3.09^b	1.73 ± 0.14^ab	65.05 ± 2.61^a
3		75.30 ± 2.35	4.80 ± 0.51	10.58 ± 1.15	32.43 ± 1.39	96.68 ± 6.42^a	18.08 ± 2.86	1.84 ± 0.15	63.70 ± 4.76^a
5		71.62 ± 2.79	3.84 ± 0.50	9.45 ± 0.63	36.76 ± 6.07	92.03 ± 5.31^ab	16.27 ± 1.62	1.57 ± 0.15	70.24 ± 3.52^ab
7		75.18 ± 7.58	3.64 ± 0.56	9.21 ± 0.52	37.66 ± 3.49	108.26 ± 4.02^b	19.01 ± 2.24	1.81 ± 0.10	78.13 ± 4.60^b
Two-way ANOVA
DCP		0.161	0.120	0.019	0.115	<0.001	0.020	0.130	0.040
DL		0.809	0.242	0.357	0.599	0.010	0.610	0.320	0.050
DCP×DL		0.256	0.564	0.257	0.351	0.000	0.250	0.540	0.260

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