不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶片生理特性和产量的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200122

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶片生理特性、产量及其构成的影响。以春玉米‘宜单629’为供试材料,监测不同灌水方式下玉米生育期内的叶面积指数(LAI)、生理特性指标和籽粒产量。结果表明,与均匀灌水均匀施氮(CICN)相比,交替灌水均匀施氮(AICN)和交替灌水交替施氮水氮协同供应(AIANS)显著提高玉米抽雄期及以后第7、14、21、28和35天的LAI和叶绿素含量及抽雄期、灌浆期和乳熟期叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、玉米行数、行粒数、穗粒数、千粒质量和籽粒产量(P<0.05),但显著降低相应生育期叶片的MDA、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量(P<0.05)。可见,AICN和AIANS有利于提高玉米的LAI和抗氧化酶活性,改善活性氧产生与清除之间的关系,从而使玉米产量增加。

关键词: 灌溉, 施肥, 叶面积, 叶片衰老, 产量, 玉米

Abstract:

The aim is to investigate the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods on leaf physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of maize. With spring maize ‘Yidan 22’ as material, leaf area index (LAI) and indexes of leaf physiological characteristics during the maize growing season and the yield under the different irrigation and nitrogen supply methods were measured. The results showed that, compared with the conventional irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen supply method (CICN), alternate furrow irrigation coupled with conventional nitrogen (AICN) or alternate furrow irrigation coupled with alternate nitrogen supply in coordinating supply of water and nitrogen (AIANS) significantly increased LAI and chlorophyll content in ear leaf at the tasselling stage and on the 7^th, 14^th, 21^st, 28^th and 35^th day after tasselling, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities and soluble protein content at the tasselling, filling and milk stages, and rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield (P<0.05); but significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar and proline contents (P<0.05). Therefore, AICN and AIANS are useful to improve LAI, antioxidant enzyme activities and the relationship between production and clearance of reactive oxygen, leading to a high grain yield of maize.

Key words: irrigation, fertilization, leaf area, leaf senescence, grain yield, maize

中图分类号:

S275.9

王吉伟, 漆栋良. 不同灌水施氮方式对玉米叶片生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(26): 1-8.

Wang Jiwei, Qi Dongliang. Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply Methods: Effect on Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Maize[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(26): 1-8.

图/表 8

参考文献 34

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处理	灌水方式	施氮方式
AIAND	交替灌水(AI)	交替施氮(AN)
AIANS		交替施氮(AN）
AICN		均匀施氮(CN)
CIAN	均匀灌水(CI)	交替施氮(AN)
CICN	均匀灌水(CI)	均匀施氮(CN)

处理	灌水方式	施氮方式
AIAND	交替灌水(AI)	交替施氮(AN)
AIANS		交替施氮(AN）
AICN		均匀施氮(CN)
CIAN	均匀灌水(CI)	交替施氮(AN)
CICN	均匀灌水(CI)	均匀施氮(CN)

时期	播后天数/d	交替施氮	均匀施氮	交替灌水	均匀灌水
播前	-1	南侧沟	两侧沟
播后	2			两侧沟	两侧沟
拔节	40			南/北侧沟	两侧沟
大喇叭口	69	北侧沟	两侧沟	南/北侧沟	两侧沟
抽雄	80	南侧沟	两侧沟	南/北侧沟	两侧沟
灌浆	93			南/北侧沟	两侧沟
乳熟	105			南/北侧沟	两侧沟

时期	播后天数/d	交替施氮	均匀施氮	交替灌水	均匀灌水
播前	-1	南侧沟	两侧沟
播后	2			两侧沟	两侧沟
拔节	40			南/北侧沟	两侧沟
大喇叭口	69	北侧沟	两侧沟	南/北侧沟	两侧沟
抽雄	80	南侧沟	两侧沟	南/北侧沟	两侧沟
灌浆	93			南/北侧沟	两侧沟
乳熟	105			南/北侧沟	两侧沟

处理	超氧化物歧化酶/[U/(g·min)]			过氧化物酶/[μg/(g·min)]			过氧化氢酶/[μmol H₂O₂/(g·min)]
处理	抽雄期	灌浆期	乳熟期	抽雄期	灌浆期	乳熟期	抽雄期	灌浆期	乳熟期
CICN	710c	745c	703c	56.53b	64.11c	50.54c	24.54b	32.54c	21.11c
CIAN	720c	753c	710c	58.96b	70.54c	55.43c	25.38b	35.65c	22.34c
AICN	794a	808a	786a	65.87a	81.76a	68.75a	30.12a	44.87b	27.82b
AIANS	787a	810a	790a	67.82a	85.43a	67.11a	32.11a	48.14a	28.98b
AIAND	750b	777b	754b	60.53b	76.12b	60.45b	30.14a	43.13b	35.42a