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中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 147-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1136

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

芝麻芽菜生长特性及营养成分变化研究

苏小雨(), 魏利斌, 高桐梅, 李丰, 田媛, 王东勇, 芦海灵, 卫双玲()   

  1. 河南省农业科学院芝麻研究中心/河南省特色油料作物基因组学重点实验室/农业农村部黄淮海油料作物重点实验室,郑州 450002
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-21 修回日期:2022-02-08 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 卫双玲,女,1962年出生,研究员,硕士,研究方向:耕作栽培。通信地址:450002河南省郑州市花园路116号,Tel:0351-65739215,E-mail:wsl041162@126.com
  • 作者简介:

    苏小雨,男,1988年出生,助理研究员,博士,研究方向:栽培生理。通信地址:450002河南省郑州市花园路116号,Tel:0351-65739215,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系“栽培生理”(CARS-14-1-14); 河南省重大科技专项“适于机械化种植的优质专用新品种选育及配套栽培模式与种植技术研究”(201300110600); 国家自然科学基金面上项目“芝麻SiOFP1转录子调控蒴果变长的分子机理研究”(32172094)

Study on the Growth Characteristics and Nutrient Compositions of Sesame Sprouts

SU Xiaoyu(), WEI Libin, GAO Tongmei, LI Feng, TIAN Yuan, WANG Dongyong, LU Hailing, WEI Shuangling()   

  1. Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Henan Key Laboratory of Specific Oilseed Crops Genomics/ Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plains, Zhengzhou 450002
  • Received:2021-11-21 Revised:2022-02-08 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-22

摘要:

为了明确芝麻芽菜的生长特性及营养成分变化情况,以黑白芝麻不同萌发时期(0、1.5、3、5、7、9 d)的芝麻芽为研究对象,分别对其生长特性以及粗脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素等主要营养物质的含量和变化规律进行了测定和分析。结果显示:随着芝麻萌发时间的推进,芝麻鲜重不断增加,芽后第7 d,黑白芝麻芽菜的生物产量最大,产出比均达11以上。相较于鲜芝麻芽中的粗脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素等含量逐步下降,相对干重下不同发芽阶段各营养物质含量变化规律不同。粗脂肪含量随发芽时间一直下降,而其他营养物质含量总体呈不同程度的上升趋势。其中,黑、白芝麻芽中的维生素E含量在芽后1.5 d达到最高值,分别较其籽粒增加1.62倍和1.17倍;黑、白芝麻芽中的蛋白质、磷、铁、硒等含量均在芽后第7天达到峰值,分别较其籽粒增加0.76和0.99倍、0.66和1.34倍、7.26和6.67倍以及1.67和124.49倍。综合考虑芝麻芽菜的营养品质和经济效益,萌芽第7天芝麻芽菜的营养价值和商品性最佳,此时芝麻芽菜的产量以及蛋白质、磷、铁、硒等营养物质的含量最高。本研究明确了芝麻芽菜生长过程中的生长特性和主要营养成分含量变化规律,确定了芝麻芽菜采收和食用的最佳时期,为芝麻芽菜产品的开发提供了理论依据。

关键词: 芝麻芽菜, 蛋白质, 矿物质, 维生素, 营养成分

Abstract:

In order to clarify the growth characteristics and nutrient compositions of sesame sprouts, black and white sesame sprouts at different germination periods (0 d, 1.5 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d and 9 d) were used as research objects, the growth characteristics and the contents of crude fat, protein, minerals and vitamins as well as their variation rules were determined and analyzed. The result showed that the fresh weight of sesame sprouts increased continuously. On the 7th day after germination, the maximum biological yield was obtained with a yield ratio of more than 11. Compared with the decreasing contents of crude fat, protein, minerals and vitamins in fresh sesame sprouts, the contents of these nutrients had different change laws under the relative dry weight at different germination stages. The content of crude fat decreased after germination, while collectively, the contents of other nutrients increased. The content of vitamin E in black and white sesame sprouts reached the highest value at 1.5d after germination, which was 1.62 times and 1.17 times higher than that in their seeds, respectively. The contents of protein, phosphorus, iron and selenium in black and white sesame sprouts reached the peak value on the 7th day after germination, and increased by 0.76 and 0.99 times, 0.66 and 1.34 times, 7.26 and 6.67 times and 1.67 and 124.49 times compared with the seeds, respectively. Considering the nutritional quality and economic benefit, the nutritive value and commercial property of sesame sprouts on the 7th day of germination were the best, and the yield of sesame sprouts and the contents of nutrients such as protein, phosphorus, iron and selenium were the highest at this time. In this paper, the growth characteristics of sesame sprouts and the variation rules of the main nutrients’ contents during the growth process were clarified, and the best period for harvesting and eating sesame sprouts was determined, which could provide a theoretical basis for the development of sesame sprouts products.

Key words: sesame sprouts, protein, minerals, vitamin, nutrient compositions