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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 52-56.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0303

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落野生药用植物资源的调查与研究

刘玉平1(), 刘贵峰1(), 赵额尔德木图2, 陈明宇3, 马金慧1, 梁慧1   

  1. 1 内蒙古民族大学农学院，内蒙古通辽 028043
    2 罕山国家级自然保护区管理局，内蒙古扎鲁特旗 029100
    3 内蒙古玛拉沁生物科技有限公司，内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-20 修回日期:2022-06-14 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘贵峰，女，1975年出生，内蒙古通辽人，教授，博士，研究方向：植物多样性。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，E-mail：15849517763@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘玉平，男，1975年出生，内蒙古通辽人，副教授，硕士，研究方向：植物多样性。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市霍林河大街西536号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自然科学基金“大青沟森林植物群落物种多样性的调节机制及动态变化规律”(2018LH03010); “西辽河流域盐碱地燕麦节水减肥灌溉决策”(2020MS05049); 国家自然科学基金“大青沟自然保护区主要森林群落及其优势种叶性状的研究”(31260108)

Investigation and Study on Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Main Forest Communities in Hanshan National Nature Reserve

LIU Yuping1(), LIU Guifeng1(), ZHAO Eerdemutu2, CHEN Mingyu3, MA Jinhui1, LIANG Hui1   

  1. 1 Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028043
    2 The Management Bureau of Hanshan National Protection Region, Jarud, Inner Mongolia 029100
    3 Inner Mongolia Malachin Biological Technology Limited Company, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2022-04-20 Revised:2022-06-14 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-03-23

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摘要：

为了解罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落下野生药用植物资源种类构成及其药用部位，在对罕山国家级自然保护区进行实地踏查的基础上，选择白桦(Betula platyphylla)群落、黒桦(B. dalurica)群落、山杨(Populus davidiana)群落和蒙椴(Tilia mongolice)群落下野生药用植物进行野外调查。结果表明：罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落下野生药用植物共计110种，隶属37科89属，其中草本药用植物为86种，隶属28科74属，木本药用植物24种，隶属14科17属；主要森林群落野生药用植物单种科有16科，寡种科有16科，共42种，中等科有4科，共28种，大科有1科，为菊科，共24种；单种属最多，为75属，所含种数为75种，其次是寡种属，有13属，所含种数为28种，中等属只有1个，为蒿属，种数为7种；野生药用植物依据药用部位，可依次划分为9类：全草类、根类、根茎类、叶类、果实类、花类、皮类、种子类、茎类。全草类和根类药用植物较多，分别占野生药用植物总种数的51.82%和38.18%；根茎类、叶类、果实类、花类、皮类、种子类、茎类药用植物较少，分别占野生药用植物总种数的12.73%、10.91%、9.09%、7.27%、6.36%、6.36%和4.55%。最后针对现状提出了意见和建议，以期推动中药材可持续发展。

关键词: 罕山国家级自然保护区, 药用植物, 森林群落, 药用部位

Abstract:

Wild medicinal plant resources in Betula platyphylla community, B. dalurica community, Populus davidiana community and Tilia mongolice community were selected as research objects based on a field survey, in order to study the species composition and the medicinal parts of wild medicinal plant resources in Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve. The results showed that the total number of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities of the Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve was 110 species, belonging to 89 genera in 37 families. Among them, there were 86 species of herbal medicinal plants, belonging to 74 genera in 28 families, and there were 24 species of woody medicinal plants, belonging to 17 genera in 14 families. There were 16 monotypic families of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities, and 16 oligotypic families including 42 species. There were 4 medium species families including 28 species. There was only 1 largest species family, which was Compositae, with 24 species in total. The number of the monotypic genus was the largest, there were 75 genera including 75 species. Oligotypic genus had the second largest number, there were 13 genera including 28 species. There was only one medium species genus, which was Artemisia, including 7 species. According to the medicinal parts, wild medicinal plants could be divided into 9 classes: whole grasses, roots, rhizomes, leaves, fruits, flowers, barks, seeds and stems. There were more medicinal plants belonging to the classes of whole grasses and roots, accounting for 51.82% and 38.18% respectively of the total species of wild medicinal plants. The medicinal plants belonged to the classes of rhizomes, leaves, fruits, flowers, barks, seeds and stems were fewer, accounting for 12.73%, 10.91%, 9.09%, 7.27%, 6.36%, 6.36% and 4.55% respectively of the total wild medicinal plants. Finally, some suggestions were put forward to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Key words: Hanshan National Nature Reserve, medicinal plant, forest community, medicinal parts