植物激素对冬瓜外观及内在品质相关基因表达的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0510

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (18): 52-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0510

植物激素对冬瓜外观及内在品质相关基因表达的影响

薛舒丹¹(), 万小童¹^,², 钟玉娟¹, 吴玉娟¹, 陆森¹, 刘展舒¹, 傅曼琴³, 谢大森¹()

¹ 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室，广州 510640
² 华中农业大学，武汉 318020
³ 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/广东省农产品加工重点实验室，广州 510610

收稿日期:2022-06-27 修回日期:2023-01-15 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-06-25
通讯作者: 谢大森，男，1970年出生，江西吉安人，研究员，博士，研究方向：瓜类蔬菜品质育种。Tel：18998339302，E-mail：xiedasen@126.com。
作者简介:
薛舒丹，女，1990年出生，山西运城人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：瓜类内在品质遗传改良以及营养物质代谢机理研究。通信地址：510000广东广州市天河区金颖路66号广东省农科院蔬菜研究所省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室，Tel：18818408281，E-mail：xueshudan@gdaas.cn。
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目“优质加工型蔬菜新品种选育”(2020B020220003); “优质多抗岭南特色瓜类蔬菜新品种选育”(2018B020202007); “广东地方蔬菜品种提纯复壮与创新利用”(2020B0202090002); 广州市科技计划项目“冬瓜（精-瓜）氨酸积累关键酶基因挖掘及功能初探”(202201010231); 岭南现代农业实验室项目“岭南特色果蔬抗病机制、种质创新与新品种选育研究”(NT2021004); 广东省农业科学院院创新基金青年自然科学基金面上项目“基于多组学的冬瓜减脂物质丙醇二酸合成基因的挖掘研究”(202106); 广东省蔬菜新技术重点实验室开放课题基金项目“冬瓜功能营养成分丙醇二酸QTL定位”(201905); 广东省农业科学院协同创新中心课题项目“岭南特色果蔬多维品质数据库构建与应用及精深加工研究”(XT202226); 广东省现代农业产业技术体系项目“果蔬加工共性关键技术研究”(2022KJ117)

Exogenous Phytohormones: Effects on Related Gene Expression to the Appearance and Intrinsic Quality of Wax Gourd

XUE Shudan¹(), WAN Xiaotong¹^,², ZHONG Yujuan¹, WU Yujuan¹, LU Sen¹, LIU Zhanshu¹, FU Manqin³, XIE Dasen¹()

¹ Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Vegetable Technology Research, Guangzhou 510640
² Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 318020
³ Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610

Received:2022-06-27 Revised:2023-01-15 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究GA₃、ABA和6-BA三种植物激素对冬瓜果实品质的影响并进一步探究其作用机制。以冬瓜(B481)为试材，测得外源喷施激素后冬瓜果实外观、风味、营养品质的变化及相关基因表达的变化。ABA处理后冬瓜果长及果粗显著减少，且与冬瓜果型相关的生长素响应基因BhSAUR的表达显著下调；GA₃处理后冬瓜果实果糖和葡萄糖含量显著提高、蔗糖含量显著降低，且糖代谢通路中碱性α-半乳糖苷酶BhAGA1与BhAGA2、酸性转化酶BhSAI1及蔗糖合成酶BhSUS2的表达显著上调、蔗糖合成酶BhSUS4及蔗糖磷酸合成酶BhSPS1的表达显著下调；GA₃、ABA、6-BA分别处理后冬瓜果实中AsA含量均显著降低，且冬瓜抗坏血酸代谢通路中脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶BhDHAR2的表达显著上调。综上，植物激素通过调控关键基因的表达影响冬瓜果长、单糖、蔗糖、抗坏血酸。这为激素改善冬瓜果实品质提供重要的理论依据。

关键词: 外源激素, 冬瓜, 外观品质, 风味品质, 营养品质, 相关基因表达

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the effects of three phytohormones GA₃, ABA and 6-BA on fruit quality of wax gourd and further explore their mechanism of action. Taking wax gourd (B481) as the test material, the changes of fruit appearance, flavor and nutritional quality, and the expression of related genes after treatments of the three phytohormones were measured. The fruit length and diameter of wax gourd treated with ABA were significantly decreased, and the expression of auxin-responsive gene BhSAUR related to fruit type was significantly down-regulated. The content of fructose and glucose increased significantly and the content of sucrose decreased significantly in wax gourd fruits under GA₃ treatment. The expression of alkaline α-galactosidase BhAGA1 and BhAGA2, acid invertase BhSAI1 and sucrose synthase BhSUS2 in sugar metabolic pathway were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of sucrose synthase BhSUS4 and sucrose phosphate synthase BhSPS1 were significantly down-regulated. The content of AsA in wax gourd fruits treated with GA₃, ABA and 6-BA decreased significantly, and the expression of dehydroascorbate reductase BhDHAR2 in ascorbic acid metabolism pathway was significantly up-regulated. In summary, phytohormones affect wax gourd fruit length, monosaccharide content, sucrose content and ascorbic acid content by regulating the expression of key genes. The study can provide a theoretical basis for using phytohormones to improve the fruit quality of wax gourd.

Key words: exogenous phytohormones, wax gourd, appearance quality, flavor quality, nutritional quality, related gene expression

薛舒丹, 万小童, 钟玉娟, 吴玉娟, 陆森, 刘展舒, 傅曼琴, 谢大森. 植物激素对冬瓜外观及内在品质相关基因表达的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(18): 52-60.

XUE Shudan, WAN Xiaotong, ZHONG Yujuan, WU Yujuan, LU Sen, LIU Zhanshu, FU Manqin, XIE Dasen. Exogenous Phytohormones: Effects on Related Gene Expression to the Appearance and Intrinsic Quality of Wax Gourd[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(18): 52-60.

图/表 7

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基因编号	基因注释	基因序列号	正向引物	反向引物
BhSAUR	生长素上调小RNA	Bhi10G001538	GAATCTGAAGATGGGCCAAA	GGGGTTGGAAATTGGAAACT
BhFIN	羟脯氨酸O-阿拉伯糖基转移酶	Bhi10G000196	AACATTGACCCCATTGGAAA	AAGGAGGCTGCAGCATAAAA
BhAGA1	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi09G002818	TACCCGGAAGACCAACAAAG	TCCAAGACTCGCCTGCTATT
BhAGA2	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi03G001926	ATGCTTTGGCTGGTTATTGG	TTTACGCCATCGATACCACA
BhGLA1	α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi07G000938	ATCAACGATTCGTGGGAGAG	CAACTTCGAGCATGTCAGGA
BhGLA2		Bhi07G000940	AATCAAGGAAACAGCGGATG	CTGGATCCCAGCATCTGAAT
BhGLA3		Bhi04G000582	GGCCATGGTTCTGCACTATT	AGCTCCAGGAATTTGCTTCA
BhGLA4		Bhi07G000425	GTTGCATCAACGATCACCAC	CCACTGCATCTCCTGCAATA
BhGLA5		Bhi03G000736	TTGTGAATGGGGTGTTGATG	ACATGCTTGCCCATGTATCA
BhGLA6		Bhi07G000939	GACGCCCCATTCTCCTATCT	CAGGATCATTCCAACCACCT
BhNI1	中性转化酶	Bhi09G001276	CTTCGCCTTCCTCATTTCTG	AGGCTGATGGACAGCTCACT
BhNI2		Bhi05G001499	ACCCTGCCATTGAAAGTCAC	GCCTGGTTTCAGCTAGTTCG
BhNI3		Bhi07G000647	CGTTGGCATTGGAGAAACTT	GAACACACAGCCCGAGGTAT
BhNI4		Bhi01G000796	CCTCCTCTGATTCTCTGTGTATAGG	TCCCCAGTAGTCTCCCAAGG
BhNI5		Bhi06G001349	GCCCGACTGATGCGTAAAAT	AGGGGATTTTACACGCGAGA
BhSAI1	可溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi12G000699	TACAACCCTGAATCAGCCGT	GAGGGGATCGGATAGGTTGG
BhSAI2		Bhi12G000382	CGCATATCATGGAATCGAGCC	GGAAAATGGGAAATGAACCGAGT
BhSAI3		Bhi05G000651	TGGAAAAGGGATTTGGTTGA	GCTCGGAAAGTGATTCACGA
BhIAI1	不溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi09G002576	GCCACGATTTTCCATCTTGT	AACCCAAATGAGAGGTGCTG
BhIAI2		Bhi04G000459	AAGAAGGGGTGGTCTGGACT	CCATCTTGTTTCCACCGACT
BhIAI3		Bhi09G000300	GGATCTAAGGGGAAGGCTTG	CACCGAGTTTTGTGATGGTG
BhIAI4		Bhi11G001939	TCCAAATGGCCCAATGTTAT	GTAAAGAGCGGGCTTCAATG
BhSPS1	蔗糖磷酸合成酶	Bhi04G002068	GAGAGGATTCCGGTGCAATA	CAACGAACGTGACCATTTTG
BhSPS2		Bhi02G000776	AGCTCTGCGTTGTCATGTTG	TGTTAGCATGGAGCTGGTTG
BhSPS3		Bhi12G001273	TCGGCAGATCTTGTCAACAG	CACTGCTTTCTCCGACATCA
BhSUS1	蔗糖合成酶	Bhi02G001475	GCCTCCAGCGTATCTACGAG	CGTCTTTCATTTCCCTTCCA
BhSUS2		Bhi08G001620	TTCGGATGCTAAATGGAAGG	ATTGTCCTGGCCTGTTTTTG
BhSUS3		Bhi12G001032	TGGGGATTTGAGAGAGGATG	GGCCAAAGTATCCATGAGGA
BhSUS4		Bhi11G001031	CATGAGGAGCTATGCGGAA	ACGATGCAGCTTCTTTTCTTCG
BhGULO	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶	Bhi01G000447	GTCAGGGGGTGAACTACGAA	GGAGTGGGGCAGATGAAGTA
BhGalLDH	L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶	Bhi03G001991	TGTACACGTTCACAGGAATGC	ACTGTGATGAACAAGGCATGG
BhDNAH1	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi07G000813	CTGGCGAAGTTTGATGACAA	CATCATTTGGGTCCTTGCTT
BhDNAH2	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi01G001485	ATCGTTTGGCATGAGATTCC	TGCCCTTTGAGTGACTTCCT
BhMDNAH1	单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi11G000597	ACGAGTGTCAATGGCGTGTA	GGTCGTTTCTCCGATGTTGT
BhMDNAH2		Bhi03G001129	AGGCTGCTTCCTGAGTGGTA	GCATCAGCTCCTTGAACTCC
BhMDNAH3		Bhi06G000439	CTTGGAAAAGGGTGGAATCA	TTCTGGCTGAGTCAACATGC
BhMDNAH4		Bhi11G001650	CATCAAGGCAGAGGAAGAGG	CTTGGCAATGGCCTTGTATT
BhMDNAH5		Bhi12G000285	CTGTTGGCGGAATACAGGTT	TCCTAGGGCTCCCTTCGTAT
Actin	内参基因	Bhi03M001070	TGCTGGTCGTGACCTTACTG	GCCAGCTTCTCCTTCATGTC

基因编号	基因注释	基因序列号	正向引物	反向引物
BhSAUR	生长素上调小RNA	Bhi10G001538	GAATCTGAAGATGGGCCAAA	GGGGTTGGAAATTGGAAACT
BhFIN	羟脯氨酸O-阿拉伯糖基转移酶	Bhi10G000196	AACATTGACCCCATTGGAAA	AAGGAGGCTGCAGCATAAAA
BhAGA1	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi09G002818	TACCCGGAAGACCAACAAAG	TCCAAGACTCGCCTGCTATT
BhAGA2	碱性α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi03G001926	ATGCTTTGGCTGGTTATTGG	TTTACGCCATCGATACCACA
BhGLA1	α-半乳糖苷酶	Bhi07G000938	ATCAACGATTCGTGGGAGAG	CAACTTCGAGCATGTCAGGA
BhGLA2		Bhi07G000940	AATCAAGGAAACAGCGGATG	CTGGATCCCAGCATCTGAAT
BhGLA3		Bhi04G000582	GGCCATGGTTCTGCACTATT	AGCTCCAGGAATTTGCTTCA
BhGLA4		Bhi07G000425	GTTGCATCAACGATCACCAC	CCACTGCATCTCCTGCAATA
BhGLA5		Bhi03G000736	TTGTGAATGGGGTGTTGATG	ACATGCTTGCCCATGTATCA
BhGLA6		Bhi07G000939	GACGCCCCATTCTCCTATCT	CAGGATCATTCCAACCACCT
BhNI1	中性转化酶	Bhi09G001276	CTTCGCCTTCCTCATTTCTG	AGGCTGATGGACAGCTCACT
BhNI2		Bhi05G001499	ACCCTGCCATTGAAAGTCAC	GCCTGGTTTCAGCTAGTTCG
BhNI3		Bhi07G000647	CGTTGGCATTGGAGAAACTT	GAACACACAGCCCGAGGTAT
BhNI4		Bhi01G000796	CCTCCTCTGATTCTCTGTGTATAGG	TCCCCAGTAGTCTCCCAAGG
BhNI5		Bhi06G001349	GCCCGACTGATGCGTAAAAT	AGGGGATTTTACACGCGAGA
BhSAI1	可溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi12G000699	TACAACCCTGAATCAGCCGT	GAGGGGATCGGATAGGTTGG
BhSAI2		Bhi12G000382	CGCATATCATGGAATCGAGCC	GGAAAATGGGAAATGAACCGAGT
BhSAI3		Bhi05G000651	TGGAAAAGGGATTTGGTTGA	GCTCGGAAAGTGATTCACGA
BhIAI1	不溶性酸性转化酶	Bhi09G002576	GCCACGATTTTCCATCTTGT	AACCCAAATGAGAGGTGCTG
BhIAI2		Bhi04G000459	AAGAAGGGGTGGTCTGGACT	CCATCTTGTTTCCACCGACT
BhIAI3		Bhi09G000300	GGATCTAAGGGGAAGGCTTG	CACCGAGTTTTGTGATGGTG
BhIAI4		Bhi11G001939	TCCAAATGGCCCAATGTTAT	GTAAAGAGCGGGCTTCAATG
BhSPS1	蔗糖磷酸合成酶	Bhi04G002068	GAGAGGATTCCGGTGCAATA	CAACGAACGTGACCATTTTG
BhSPS2		Bhi02G000776	AGCTCTGCGTTGTCATGTTG	TGTTAGCATGGAGCTGGTTG
BhSPS3		Bhi12G001273	TCGGCAGATCTTGTCAACAG	CACTGCTTTCTCCGACATCA
BhSUS1	蔗糖合成酶	Bhi02G001475	GCCTCCAGCGTATCTACGAG	CGTCTTTCATTTCCCTTCCA
BhSUS2		Bhi08G001620	TTCGGATGCTAAATGGAAGG	ATTGTCCTGGCCTGTTTTTG
BhSUS3		Bhi12G001032	TGGGGATTTGAGAGAGGATG	GGCCAAAGTATCCATGAGGA
BhSUS4		Bhi11G001031	CATGAGGAGCTATGCGGAA	ACGATGCAGCTTCTTTTCTTCG
BhGULO	L-古洛糖酸内酯氧化酶	Bhi01G000447	GTCAGGGGGTGAACTACGAA	GGAGTGGGGCAGATGAAGTA
BhGalLDH	L-半乳糖酸-1,4-内酯脱氢酶	Bhi03G001991	TGTACACGTTCACAGGAATGC	ACTGTGATGAACAAGGCATGG
BhDNAH1	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi07G000813	CTGGCGAAGTTTGATGACAA	CATCATTTGGGTCCTTGCTT
BhDNAH2	脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi01G001485	ATCGTTTGGCATGAGATTCC	TGCCCTTTGAGTGACTTCCT
BhMDNAH1	单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶	Bhi11G000597	ACGAGTGTCAATGGCGTGTA	GGTCGTTTCTCCGATGTTGT
BhMDNAH2		Bhi03G001129	AGGCTGCTTCCTGAGTGGTA	GCATCAGCTCCTTGAACTCC
BhMDNAH3		Bhi06G000439	CTTGGAAAAGGGTGGAATCA	TTCTGGCTGAGTCAACATGC
BhMDNAH4		Bhi11G001650	CATCAAGGCAGAGGAAGAGG	CTTGGCAATGGCCTTGTATT
BhMDNAH5		Bhi12G000285	CTGTTGGCGGAATACAGGTT	TCCTAGGGCTCCCTTCGTAT
Actin	内参基因	Bhi03M001070	TGCTGGTCGTGACCTTACTG	GCCAGCTTCTCCTTCATGTC

指标		control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果长	纵径/cm	34.4±0.46 a	34.4±0.09 a	31.22±0.90 b	34.9±0.17 a
果粗	上横径/cm	8.06±0.31 a	7.34±0.57 ab	6.94±0.07 b	7.54±0.45 ab
	中横径/cm	7.00±0.15 a	6.56±0.25 ab	5.98±0.30 b	6.90±0.60 a
	下横径/cm	9.28±0.42 a	8.98±0.30 ab	8.38±0.25 b	9.36±0.33 a
果形指数		4.24±0.12 a	4.52±0.18 a	4.40±0.17 a	4.40±0.16 a

指标		control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果长	纵径/cm	34.4±0.46 a	34.4±0.09 a	31.22±0.90 b	34.9±0.17 a
果粗	上横径/cm	8.06±0.31 a	7.34±0.57 ab	6.94±0.07 b	7.54±0.45 ab
	中横径/cm	7.00±0.15 a	6.56±0.25 ab	5.98±0.30 b	6.90±0.60 a
	下横径/cm	9.28±0.42 a	8.98±0.30 ab	8.38±0.25 b	9.36±0.33 a
果形指数		4.24±0.12 a	4.52±0.18 a	4.40±0.17 a	4.40±0.16 a

处理	control	GA₃	ABA	6-BA
果糖/(mg/g DW)	143.36±5.95 b	177.58±1.32 a	144.75±8.14 b	149.25±7.85 b
葡萄糖/(mg/g DW)	149.85±6.57 b	180.58±4.20 a	151.68±8.19 b	160.97±4.57 b
蔗糖/(mg/g DW)	6.31±0.67 a	3.45±0.18 b	5.51±0.34 a	5.41±0.73 a
总糖/(mg/g DW)	299.52±10.99 b	361.62±5.19 a	301.94±15.80 b	315.63±12.47 b
苹果酸/(mg/g DW)	29.36±0.28 a	30.01±0.11 a	30.97±3.59 a	30.75±5.17 a
莽草酸/(mg/g DW)	0.40±0.06 a	0.42±0.03 a	0.47±0.04 a	0.41±0.02 a
富马酸/(mg/g DW)	5.30±0.40 a	5.36±0.61 a	3.64±0.16 b	5.40±0.84 a
柠檬酸/(mg/g DW)	—	—	0.84±0.10	—
总酸/(mg/g DW)	35.05±0.53 a	35.80±0.49 a	35.91±3.54 a	36.57±6.10 a

植物激素对冬瓜外观及内在品质相关基因表达的影响

Exogenous Phytohormones: Effects on Related Gene Expression to the Appearance and Intrinsic Quality of Wax Gourd

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处理	control	GA₃	ABA	6BA
AsA（mg/g DW）	8.71±0.56 a	5.69±0.84 b	5.16±0.16 b	4.74±0.35 b
DHA（mg/g DW）	0.58±0.23 b	1.76±0.57 a	0.64±0.33 b	0.80±0.24 b
总VC（mg/g DW）	9.29±0.62 a	7.45±0.89 b	5.80±0.42 c	5.54±0.38 c
瓜氨酸（mg/g DW）	9.75±2.97 a	10.38±2.29 a	12.29±4.52 a	8.83±1.22 a

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