‘法兰西’西梅多酚组分鉴定及抗氧化活性评价

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0887

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究法兰西西梅中多酚抗氧化活性及其物质基础，以西梅果皮、果肉、肉皮为原料，采用福林酚比色法测定‘法兰西’西梅各部位中的游离酚、结合酚含量，通过超高效液相色谱-质谱法(UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS)进行成分鉴定，并讨论西梅各部位多酚组分的抗氧化活性。结果表明，西梅果肉中游离酚含量为(289.58±2.89) mg GAE/100 g，结合酚含量为(78.46±0.31) mg GAE/100 g；西梅果皮中游离酚含量为(313.54±6.88) mg GAE/100 g，结合酚含量为(97.92±0.36) mg GAE/100 g；西梅肉皮中游离酚含量为(300±3.90) mg GAE/100 g，结合酚含量为(92.5±4.96) mg GAE/100 g。通过UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS对西梅各部位多酚类化合物进行分析鉴定，共鉴定9种化合物，果皮结合酚中有槲皮素-O-葡萄糖、草酸、酒石酸；果肉结合酚中有咖啡酸、L-苹果酸；果皮游离酚中有奎尼酸、没食子酸、草酸、L-苹果酸；果肉游离酚中有香草醛、(+)儿茶素。抗氧化实验结果表明，当浓度为1.0 mg/mL时，西梅果皮游离酚的总还原力(2.257)及超氧阴离子清除率(78.70%)均最大，肉皮游离酚的羟基(90.84%)及DPPH(84.27%)自由基率清除率最大，说明西梅各部位多酚化合物具有一定的抗氧化活性，且均随着浓度的增大而增强。

关键词: ‘法兰西’西梅, 结合酚, 游离酚, 多酚, 抗氧化活性, 成分鉴定

Abstract:

The paper aims to study the antioxidant activity and material basis of polyphenols in Prunus domestica ‘French’. Folin-ciocalteu was used to determine the content of free and bound phenols in various parts of‘French’prunes. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS) was used to identify the components, and the antioxidant activities of polyphenols in various parts of prunes were discussed. The results showed that the contents of free and bound phenols in prune flesh were (289.58±2.89) mg GAE/100 g and (78.46±0.31) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contents of free and bound phenols in prune peel were (313.54±6.88) mg GAE/100 g and (97.92±0.36) mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The contents of free and bound phenols in flesh and peel of prune were (300±3.90) mg GAE/100 g and (92.5±4.96) mg GAE/100 g. A total of 9 compounds were identified by UPLC-DAD-EIS-MS. Quercetin-O-glucose, oxalic acid and tartaric acid were found in the bound phenol of fruit peel. There were caffeic acid and L-malic acid in pulp binding phenol, and quinic, gallic, oxalic, and L-malic acids in the peel free phenol. Vanillin and (+) catechin were found in the free phenol of the flesh. The results of antioxidant experiments showed that when the concentration was 1.0 mg/mL, the total reducing power (2.257) and superoxide anion scavenging rate (78.70%) of free phenol in prune peel were the highest, and the hydroxyl group (90.84%) and DPPH (84.27%) had the highest free radical scavenging rate, indicating that the polyphenolic compounds in various parts of prunes had a certain antioxidant activity, and all of them increased with the increase of concentration.

Key words: Prunus domestica ‘French’, free phenol, bound phenol, polyphenol, antioxidant activity, component identification

尼格尔热依·亚迪卡尔, 朱璇, 冯作山, 王国王, 康洁, 王晨. ‘法兰西’西梅多酚组分鉴定及抗氧化活性评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(34): 143-153.

NIGARY Yadikar, ZHU Xuan, FENG Zuoshan, WANG Guowang, KANG Jie, WANG Chen. Component Identification and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Polyphenols from Prunus domestica ‘French’[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(34): 143-153.

图/表 20

部位	游离酚含量	结合酚含量
果肉	289.58±2.89c	78.46±0.31b
果皮	313.54±6.88a	97.92±0.36a
肉皮	300.00±3.90c	92.50±4.96a

表1. 西梅提取液的游离酚及结合酚的含量 mg GAE/100 g

图1. 西梅果皮结合酚总离子流图 A为西梅果皮结合酚TIC图（负离子模式），B为西梅果皮结合酚TIC图（正离子模式），C为西梅果皮结合酚HPLC图

图2. 化合物1保留时间58.79 min的二级图谱

图3. 化合物2保留时间3.91 min的二级图谱

图4. 化合物3保留时间1.86 min的一级图谱

图5. 西梅果肉结合酚总离子流图 A为西梅果肉结合酚TIC图（负离子模式），B为西梅果肉结合酚TIC图（正离子模式），C为西梅果肉结合酚HPLC图

图6. 化合物4保留时间17.06 min的二级图谱

图7. 化合物5保留时间2.40 min的二级图谱

图8. 西梅果皮游离酚总离子流图 A为西梅果皮游离酚TIC图（负离子模式），B为西梅果皮游离酚TIC图（正离子模式），C为西梅果皮游离酚HPLC图

图9. 化合物6保留时间2.30 min的二级图谱

图10. 化合物7保留时间16.23 min的二级图谱

图11. 化合物8保留时间11.08 min的二级图谱

图12. 化合物9保留时间2.40 min的二级图谱

图13. 西梅果肉游离酚总离子流图 A为西梅果肉游离酚TIC图（负离子模式），B为西梅果肉游离酚TIC图（正离子模式），C为西梅果肉游离酚HPLC图

图14. 化合物10保留时间2.30 min的二级图谱

图15. 化合物11保留时间57.07 min的二级图谱

图16. 西梅各部位游离酚及结合酚的总还原力

图17. 西梅各部位游离酚及结合酚对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用

图18. 西梅各部位游离酚及结合酚对·OH自由基的清除作用

图19. 西梅各部位游离酚及结合酚对DPPH自由基的清除作用

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